Gudgeon

(güj'ün.) [Fr. goujon. ] (Zool.) An European fresh-water fish, the Gubio flu via til is, fam. Cyprinidæ, distinguished from the barbel by having only two filaments or barbules at the mouth. Gudin, JEAN ANTOINE THEODORE, (goo-dahn',) a celebrated French painter of marine landscape, was B. in Paris, 1802, and studied under Girodet. Among his best works are The Shipwreck; The Storm in the Bay of Algiers, . Guebres, or Ghebers, (ge'bürz.) [Pers., inf idols.] A Persian sect, who still worship fire as an emanation of the Deity. Their sacred books are termed Zend Avesta. A community of them exists in India under the well-known name of Par sees. Guelder land, GELDER LAND, (geld'ür-land,) a p. of the Netherlands, b. N.W. by the Zuyder-Zee; area, 2,018 sq. m.; C. Harnhem. Pop. 232,273. Guelf, or Guelph, (welf.) (Hist.) The patronymic of an illustrious race of Italian extraction, which became German by adoption in the 11th cent. Its elder branch is represented by the royal family of England; its cadet, by the ducal house of Brunswick.-(pl.) (Hist.) See GHI BEL LINES. Guelph, (wels,) in Canada W.,a city, C. of Wellington co., on the Speed, 48 m. W. of Toronto. Pop. 10,150. Guenon, (goo-e'non.) (Zool.) Aname common to the monkeys comprising the gen. Cercopithecus, characterized by a moderately prominent muzzle, long tail, and the inferior molars with tubercles like the rest. They live in troops, and commit great havoc in gardens and cultivated fields. Guercino, GIOVANNI FRANCESCO BARBIERI, (goo-urche'no,) styled GUERCINO DA CENTO, a painter of the Bolognese School, B. 1590. He abandoned the manner of the Caracci for that of Caravaggio, and among his chief works are Santa Petronilla (in the capitol at Rome); and The Death of Dido. D. 1666. Guericke, OTTO VON, (gair-rik'ka,) a German experimental philosopher, B. at Magdeburg, 1602, invented the air-pump, which he exhibited before the Diet at Ratisbon, 1651. D. 1686. Guerilla, (gur-ril'lah.) [Sp., dim. of guerra, war.] A partisan soldier, or one of a body who carry on an irregular warfare, independent of official authority. The term originated in Spain during the Peninsular War, when they greatly hara ed the French invaders, under the command of Mina, Le Empecinado (Ruy Diaz), and other leaders. The G. also played a prominent part in the Car list War in that country. Guérin, PIERRE NARCISSE, BARON, (ga-rahn',) a distinguished French painter, B. in Paris, 1774. He followed the cla ical style, and his subjects are mostly taken from the antique. Among his finest productions are Phèdreet Hippolyte, Dido listening to Eneas, and Clytemnestra. D. 1833. Guernsey, (gurn'ze,) one of the Channel Islands, belonging to Great Britain, and the largest in size after Jersey, 46 m. S.W. of Cherbourg; bet. N. Lat. 49° 24'49° 30′, and W. Lon. 2° 33′-2° 41′. Pop. 35,000. Guernsey, in Ohio, an E. co.; area, 460 sq. m.; C. Cambridge. Pop. 23,838. Guerrero, (gair-ra'ro,) a mountainous state of the Mexican Confederation, b. on the Pacific Ocean; area, 24,266 sq. m.; C. Tixtlan. Pop. 270,000. Guiana, (ge-ah'nah,) an extensive country of S. America, occupying almost the entire territory between the rivers Amazon and Orinoco; bet. Lat. 4° S. and 8°40′ N., and Lon. 50°-68° W., though, strictly speaking, the name of G. belongs only to the region bet. N. Lat. 0° 40′-8° 40', and W. Lon. 57° 32′-60°, formerly divided into British, French, and Dutch G., and since the ce ion by Holland of their po e ion to England in 1872, of the two former divisions only. BRITISH G. includes the settlements of Demerara, E equibo, and Berbice, and contains the towns of George town, Paramaribo, and New Amsterdam. Area (including the ceded colony of Dutch Guiana), 134,800 sq. m. Chief rivers, the E equibo, Berbice, Corentyn, Surinam, and Demerara, all flowing into the Atlantic. Savannas and swampy tracts prevail to the E. of the Berbice river, and the interior surface is overspread with hilly ranges and dense forests. The cultivated portion of G. is confined to the 1 seaboard, and to a short distance from the rivers. Pp. products: sugar, rum, timber, and dye woods. Pop. 265,144.- FRENCH G. forms the most E. division of Guiana, bet. N. Lat. 2°-6°, and W. Lon. 51° 50-54° 50′. Area, 35,080 sq. miles. Surface generally level and soil highly fertile. The greater part of the country is covered with dense forests. Prod. Sugar, coffee, cocoa, cotton, tobacco, manioc, ann otto, vanilla. In 1851 the French govt. made this colony their chief penal settleGuicciardini ment. Pop. in 1866,, FRANCESCO, 25,280. (goo-et-char-de'ne,) an Italian diplomatist and historian, B. in Florence, 1482. He enjoyed the confidence of Popes Leo X. and Clement VII.; became in 1530 one of the principal agents in establishing the rule of the Medici in Florence, and, after his retirement from public life in1536, devoted his leisure to the production of his History of Italy from 1494 to 1532-a work which has given G. the first rank among Italian historians. D. 1540. Guido,(GUIDO RENI,) (gwē'do,)a famous Italian painter of the Bolognese School, B. 1575. After studying under the Caracci,he took up his residence in Rome, where he obtained the patronage of Pope Paul V. His pictures are characterized by an exquisite grace of expre ion and delicacy of touch. Among his chefs-d'œuvre may be ه ل quoted The Martyrdom of St. Peter (in the Vatican); The A umption; and The Ma acre of the Innocents. D. 1642. [s. 428]