perpendicular, perpendiculer

& s. [Fr. perpendiculaire, from Latin perpendicu pen do [PERPEND, v.]; Sp. & Port. perpendicular; laris, from perpendiculum =a plummet, from per Ital. perpend i col are.] IMG:content-0912.png:[blocks in formation] II. Technically : 1. Geom.: A line which falls upon or cro es another line or plane at right angles, or making the angles on each side equal. 2. Gun .: A small instrument for finding the center line of a piece of ordnance, in the operation of pointing it at an object. 3. Persp.: A straight line perpendicular to the perspective plane. A perpendicular may be drawn through any point, and every such perpendicular vanishes at the center of the picture. perpendicular-lift, s. Hydr. Eng.: A canal-lift. perpendicular-style, s. Arch.: The third period of Pointed Architecture. It originated at the end of the fourteenth century, and continued until the close of the sixteenth, chin, bench; go, gem; thin, this; perpetrator when it was succeeded by the Revived, or Debased Cla ic, known as the Elizabeth an. It is also known as the Florid, from the multiplicity, profusion, and minutene of ornamental detail, and its more general name, Perpendicular, is derived from the mullions of the windows and the divisions of orna mental panel-work running in straight or perpendicular lines, which was not the case in any earlier style. The pointed arches are constructed from almost every radius. The most common doorway is the depre ed four-centered arch (almost peculiar to this style) within a square head, having generally a hood-molding over, the spandrels being filled with quatrefoils, paneling, roses, foliage, small shields, or other sculptured orna ments. Fan-shaped roofs, ornamented with dependent pendants resembling stalac Perpendicular Window. tites, are also peculiar to the Perpendicular style. Richly decorated roof-tru es, which are left clearly visible, are also of frequent occurrence. In these roofs the spaces between the highly ornamented and molded beam are filled with rich tracery, while the intersections and junctions of the woodwork are enriched with dependent carving and representations of foliage and figures. Westminster Hall is an instance of this description of roof. The roofs, when they are plain, are sometimes overlaid with boarding, and divided IMG:content-0913.png:[graphic] by ribs and panels. Roof-tru es, Westminster për - pěn-dic-u Hall, London. lar-i-ty, s. [English perpendicular; -ity.] The quality or state of being perpendicular. "The perpendicularity of these lines is the difference of a right angle."- Watts : Logic , pt. i., ch. iv. per-pěn-dic'-u-lar-ly, adv. [Eng. perpendic ular; -ly.] In a perpendicular manner; so as to be perpendicular; vertically. "To descend perpendicularly downward." - Wotton: Remains , p. 30. *per-pěn'-sion, s. [Lat. per pens us , pa. par. of perpendo =to perpend (q. v.).] The act of considering or weighing carefully in the mind; careful cousin era tion. "Unto reasonable per pensions it hath no place in some sciences." -Browne: Vulgar Errors, bk. i., ch. vii. *per-pěn-si-ty, s . [Lat. per pens us , pa. par of perpendo .] Consideration; pondering. ( Swift : Tale of a Tub , § 9.)