Gale rites

[Lat. galea, a helmet.] ( Geol. ) A genus of fo il sea-urchins, abounding in the chalk formation, and from their shape popularly known as "sugar-loaves." The shell is high, more or le conical, and oblong-oval at the base, narrowing towards the hinder part. These helmet-shaped echinites can be found in the chalk cliffs near Margate, England, with little trouble. Galerius, CAIUS VALERIUS MAXIM I AN US, a Roman emperor. Entering the army as a common soldier, he rose to the highest ranks by his bravery, and was adopted by Diocletian, who gave him his daughter in marriage. Ho ascended the imperial throne in 305, and D. in 311. He was naturally of a cruel disposition, and during his reign the Christians suffered great persecution. Gales, in South Dakota, a flourishing township of Aurora county. Gales burg, in Illinois , a city, cap. of Knox co. abt. 165 miles W.S.W. of Chicago. It is the seat of two excellent colleges, and contains some handsome edifices; has a fine local trade. Pop . (1897) about 18,000. Galesburg, in Iowa , a post-village of Jasper co. Galesburg, in Michigan , a post-village of Kalamazoo co., about 130 m. W. of Detroit. Pop . (1894) 702. Gales's Ferry, in Connecticut , a post-village of New London co., about 45 miles S.E. of Hartford. Gales'ville, in Maryland, a small village of Anne Arundel co., on West river, about 12 miles S. by W. of Anna polis. Galesville, in New York , a post-village of Washington co., 37 miles N.E. of Albany. Now MIDDLE FALLS. Galesville, in Oregon , a post-village of Douglas co., about 32 miles S. of Roseburg. Galesville, in Wisconsin , a post-village of Trempealeau co., about 16 miles E. by N. of Winona. Pop . (1895) 874. Gale/ville, in New York , a P. O. of Ulster co. Galia'ceæ, n . pl . ( Bot .) An order of plants, alliance Cinchona les, consisting of 10 genera and 320 species; common weeds in the northern parts of the northern hemisphere, and also in the high mountainous districte of Peru, Chili, and Australia. The order has the following characters: - Herbaceous plants with whorled exstipulate leaves and angular stems. Calyx superior, with the limb 4-6-lobed or obsolete; corolla monopetalous, 4-6-lobed, regular; stamens epipetalous, equal in number to the lobes of corolla, and alternate with them, ovary inferior, 2-celled, with one solitary erect ovule in each cell; styles two; fruit 2-celled, indehiscent, with one erect seed in each cell; albumen horny. The Ga liaceæ are chiefly remarkable for the presence of a coloring-matter in their roots. (See RUBIA.) Some have valuable medicinal properties. - See GALIUM. Galia'no, an island of British N. America, in Queen Charlotte's Sound, Lat. 51° 9′ N., Lon. 128° 2' W. Galicia, a prov. of Spain, at the N.W. extremity of the Iberian peninsula, lying between Lat. 41° 52′ and 42° 47' N., and between Lon. 7° 17′ and 9° 14′ W. It is bounded N. and W. by the Atlantic, S. by Portugal, and E. by the Spanish provs. of Leon and Asturias. Area , 15,897 sq. m. Desc. The country is in general very moun tainous, being intersected by the branches of the Asturian mountains, which separate at the Sierra de Peñamarella, and form three ranges running W.S.W. and S.S.W. through the province; numerous fertile valleys being inters ticed here and there. Kivers . Minho, Sil, and Ulla. The coast of G. , especially on the W. side, is abrupt and much indented, forming numerous capes and bays. Of the former, capes Ortegal and Finisterre are best known; of the latter, the bays of Ferrol, Corunna, Betanzos, Pontevedra, and Vigo. Clim . Moist, but healthy. Prod. Wine, wheat, maize, barley, flax, and potatoes. The sweet chestnut grows abundantly, and may be justly called the bread of the Galicians, as it constitutes their common and favorite food. Min . Copper, lead, tin, antimony, white marble, and jasper. Manuf . Coarse woollens, linens, and sail-cloth. Anchovy fishing is extensively engaged in. The Galicians are esteemed the most honest and industrious of the Spanish peoples, and make the best soldiers in the Spanish army. Language . Old Castilian, mixed with Low Latin. Pol . Div . G. is subdivided into 4 provs.. viz., Lugo, Corunna, Orense, and Pontevedra. Chief Towns. Corunna (the cap.), Santiago de Compos tel a (the ancient cap.) Pop . (1895) 2,001,500. Galicia and Lodomeria, ( ga - lish'ya ,) (KINGDOM OF,) a province of the Austrian empire, forming its N.E. portion, between 47° 10 and 50° 50 N. Lat., and 18° 50 and 26° 36' E. Lon. The name Galicia is derived from the Polish Halicz , as Lodomeria is from Wladimir , both being ancient principalities, forming a part of the present prov., which also includes the territories of Poland which fell to Austria in the various partitions of that country, and the Bukowina, ceded by the Turks in 1774. This prov. lies to the N. of the Car path i an Mountains, which separates it from Hungary; on the N W. it is separated from Pru ia, the State of Cracow, and a part of the kingdom of Poland, by the Vistula; on the N. and N.E. it is open, and has no well-defined boundary; the east frontier towards Volhynia is formed by the river Podhorce, emptying into the Dniester. A range of heights divide the Bukowina from the Turkish part of Moldavia. Area. Including the Bukowina, 34,357, sq. m. Surface. Mountainous in the S., hilly in the centre, and in the N.. and most extensive portion, a continuous plain. Rivers , dec. Vistula, San, Bug, Pruth, Dniester, .; innumerable ponds or small sheets of water chequer the face of the country. Soil . On the whole, very fertile. Prod. Cereals, potatoes, flax, and hemp. Agriculture is the principal source of wealth, and cattle-breeding is also extensively pursued. Min . Gold, silver, iron, coal, lead, zinc, marble and alabaster, rock-crystal, and several varieties of precious stones. Salt is found in almost inexhaustible quantities. Manuf . Woollens, cottons, gla , salt, . Chief towns . Lemberg (cap. of Galicia), Czernowitz (cap. of Bukowina), Samborz, Wismeiz, Stan is lawów, . Pop ., including the Bukowina, 6,548,844. Galician, (ga-lish'yan,) a. [Sp. galiciano.) ( Geog .) Pertaining to Galicia, a prov. of Spain, or to Galicia, a kingdom of the Austrian empire. -n. A native of Spanish Galicia. ( Galligan is also used.) Ga'lien, in Michigan , a small river of Berrien co., enters Lake Michigan at New Buffalo. -A post-township of Berrien co., about 14 m. W. S.W. of Niles. Pop . (1894) 1,238. Gal'igher, in Ohio , a post-office of Guernsey co. Galigna'ni, JOHN ANTHONY, and WILLIAM, brothers, were B. in London in 1796 and 1798 respectively. They are well known as the proprietors and directors of the English daily newspaper i ued at Paris under the title of Galignani's Me enger , and as the publishers of many valuable works. The Me enger was established in 1814 by their father, who opened an English publishing-house at Paris in 1800. After his decease, in 1821, the Me en ger a umed, under the management of his sons, a more important position. The principal object of this well known journal is the advocacy of cordial relations between France on the one hand, and the English-speaking nationalities on the other. The brothers G. support at their own expense an hospital in Paris for distre ed and invalid English men. John died 1873; William died 1882. Galile/an, n. [Lat. Galilæus .) ( Geog .) A native or inhabitant of Galilee, a city of Judæa. (Eccl. Hist .) One of an ancient Jewish sect named after Judas the Gaulonite, who resisted the Roman tax established by Quirinus, and rebelled at various intervals, till Jerusalem was destroyed by Titus, A. D. 70. Eliazar, the grandson of Judas, after the capture of Jerusalem, retired with 960 followers to a strong fortre , where they were exterminated. - Christ and his disciples were also called Galileans . ( Matt . xxvi. 69, and Mark xiv. 70.) -a. Belonging or having reference to Galilee. Galilean telescope. See TELESCOPE. Galilee, ( gal'e - le .) [Heb. galil , a circle or circuit.] The name originally applied to a district in the N.E. of Palestine, and N. of Samaria, divided into Upper and Lower Galilee. The former, which included the half-tribe of Mana eh, bore the name of "Galilee of the Gentiles," so called, it is presumed, because it contained the descendants of many of the natives whom the tribe had saved from the sword when taking po e ion of their country. The other half was situated on the farthest northern verge of Judea, was flat, fertile, and productive, yielding corn, oil, and fruits, and was peopled by the tribes of Asher, Zebulun, Naphtali, and I achar. G. was bounded on the N. by Syria, and the mountains of Lebanon; on the S. by Samaria; on the E., by the Jordan; and W., by Phoenicia and the Mediterranean. As the cradle of Christianity, this is perhaps the most interesting spot in the East, if not in all the world. Here was situated Nazareth, where Jesus was reared and educated; the Jordan, where he received baptism, and on whose banks he began his ministry; here lay Cana, where the first miracle was performed; there nestled Capernaum, in a little bay of the Lake Tiberias, where he raised the young man to life; farther, the hills on whose side he delivered the exhortation called the Sermon on the Mount. Yonder, Tabor, where his disciples saw the mystery of his Transfiguration. In fact, every mile of its land and coast bears the deathle footprints of the Redeemer's journey on earth. The natives of this somewhat remote prov. were held in great contempt by the Jews of the rest of the country, both of Judea and Israel, on account of their ignorance and simplicity being, in fact, a colony of fishermen, simple in their nature, and hardy and honest in their lives; indeed, to mark their contempt of the new devotion, the Jews called all the followers of Christ, and of his doctrine, by the contemptuous name of Galileans . Galilee, at the present day, forms a part of the govt. or pashalik of Damascus, and is infested by Bedouins and hordes of robbers. Galilee, (SEA OF,) or Lake of Tiberias, a lake of Palestine, formed by the River Jordan, which flows into it. It was early renowned for the sweetne and coolne of its water, and is described by Joseph us as being Fig . 1101.-SEA OF GALILEE, FROM THE N.W. COAST. (With Magdala and Tiberias.) 100 furlongs in length by 40 in width; it is also called in Scripture the Sea and Lake of Kinnaeth, and the Lake of Genesareth. - See TIBERIAS. "The A yrian came down like the wolf on the fold, And his cohorts were gleaming in purple and gold; And the sheen of their spears was like stars on the sea, When the blue wave rolls nightly on deep Galilee ."-Byron.