canabyt

An old spelling of canopy. Canace (kan'a-sē), n. [NL. (Von Reichenbach, 1853), after Canace, Gr. Κανάκη, daughter of Æo IMG:content-3008.png:[blocks in formation] to have been used for water, and were merely shallow ditches with a slight fall. They naturally became, when large enough, a roadway for boats, and eventually for ships. A canal may be a mere cutting to unite bodies of water for the pa age of boats, as in some of the chains of lakes in the eastern United States; or a continuous waterway formed by a series of long levels united by locks and carried over rivers and valleys by means of bridges, as the Erie canal; or a canalized river; or a navigable pa age connecting lakes or seas, as the Well and canal in Canada, or the Suez canal. Among the longest canals are the Ganges canal in India, about 350 miles long, the Grand Canal in China, about 800 miles, and the Erie canal in New York, 363 miles. The James and Kanawha Rivers Navigation canal, 147 miles long, over tive common and continuous cavity of the brain and spinal cord, not infrequently more or le extensively obliterated in the latter, but in the former modified in the form of the several ventricles and other cavities. - Ciliary canal. Same as canal of Fontana . - Cochlear canal, the proper cavity of the cochlea, connected by the canal is reuniens ns with the cavity of other parts of the labyrinth of the ear. Also called canal of Rei ner. - Dental canal. (a) An canal came by its locks a grade of 1,916 feet, and the Morris canal in New Jersey, 101 miles long, one of 1,674 feet. The Suez canal (opened in 1869) is 90 miles long, and is level throughout. It is the largest in the world in point of sectional area, and the most important in a commercial aspect. Canalized rivers are common in western Europe. On ordinary narrow canals boats are usually drawn by horses or mules traveling on a tow-path, though steam-propulsion and steam-towing are now used to some extent; larger ones, called ship - canals, as the Suez, the North Holland, the Well and, etc., are navigated by ve els of different sizes, up to the largest under sail or steam. 2. In arch., a channel; a groove; a flute: thus, the canal of the volute is the channel on the face of the circumvolutions inclosed by a list in the Ionic capital.-3. In an at., a duct; a channel through which a fluid is conveyed or solids pa ; a tubular cavity in a part, or a communication between parts. See duct.-4. In zool., the name of sundry grooves, furrows, apertures, etc., as: ( a ) the channels of various actinozoans; ( b ) the afferent and efferent pores of sponges; (c) the groove observed in different parts of certain univalve shells, and adapted for the protrusion of the long cylindrical siphon or breathing-tube po e ed by those animals. - 5. In bot., an elongated intercellular or intrafascicular space, either empty or containing sap, resin, or other substances. - Abdominal canal, in an at., same as inguinal canal. - Alimentary canal, ali sphenoid canal, alveolodental canal. See the adjectives. Alveolar canal. (a) Anterior, the canal in the superior maxillary bone containing the anterior superior dental nerve. (b) Inferior, the inferior dental canal. (c) Median, the canal in the superior maxillary bone contain ing the middle superior dental nerve. (d) Posterior, the canal in the superior maxillary bone containing the posterior superior dental nerve. - Ambulacral neural canal. See ambulacral. - Anterior palatine canal. (a) The canal formed by the union of the canales incisivi. It opens on the palate just behind the incisor teeth. Also called ante rior palatine fo a. (b) The canal is incisivus on either side. (c) The canales incisivi with the anterior palatine canal in sense a. -Aquiferous canals. See aquiferous. - Arachnoid canal, a portion of the subarachnoid space, where the arachnoid cro es, without dipping into, the longitudinal and transverse fi ures of the brain. - Atrial canal, auditory canal. See the adjectives. - Auricular canal, the constriction between the auricular and ventricular portions of a fetal heart. - Axial canal. See axial. - Bernard's canal, a supplementary duct of the pancreas. Also called Sant or in i's canal. - Canal of Bartholin. Same as duct of Bartholin. - Canal of Cloquet. Same as hya loid canal.-Canal of Corti, the space lying between the tectorial membrane and basilar membrane of the cochlea. Canal of Cotunnius, the aquæduct us vestibuli (which see, under aquæduct us ). - Canal of Fontana, an annular series of spaces, which lie in the sclerotic, just in front of the place of attachment of the iris, and communicate freely with the anterior chamber of the eye. Also called canal of Hovius , ciliary canal, and Fontana's spaces. - Canal of Gärtner. Same as Gaertnerian canal . - Canal of Guidi. Same as Vidian canal . - Canal of Hovius. Same as canal of Fontana. - Canal of Huguier. Same as Huguie rian canal. See below. - Canal of Löwenberg, the canal in the cochlea bounded by the membrane of Rei ner, the tectorial membrane, and the outer wall of the cochlear canal. It is the upper free portion of that canal. - Canal of Müller. Same as duct of Müller . - Canal of Nuck, the pouch of peritoneum (proce us vaginal is) which in the female embryo extends down along the round ligament of the uterus, and which may persist to a greater or le extent in the adult. - Canal of Petit, the annular series of connected spaces in the suspensory ligament encircling the crystalline lens of the eye. - Canal of Rei ner. Same as cochlear canal. - Canal of Rivinus. Same as duct of Rivinus . - Canal of Rosenthal. Same as spiral canal of the modiolus.- Canal of Schlemm, a circular canal, of elliptical cro -section, lying in the substance of the sclerotic slightly anterior to the canal of Fontana. - Canal of Stenson. Same as duct of Stenson. - Canal of Stilling. Same as hyaloid canal.- Canal of Wharton. Same as duct of Wharton.- Canal of Wirsung, the pancreatic duct. Canals of Breschet, canals in the diploë of the cranial bones, in which Breschet's veins run. - Canals of Reckling hausen, the system of canals in the cornea; the communications between the cell-spaces of the cornea.Carotid canal. See carotid. - Central canal, the median canal of the spinal cord. - Central canal of the modiolus, the largest of the canals in the modiolus of the cochlea of the ear.- Cerebrospinal canal. (a) The neural or craniovertebral canal formed by the skull and the spine, and containing the brain and spinal marrow. (b) The primi terior, a small canal branching off from the infraorbital canal in the floor of the orbit, and descending in the front wall of the antrum. It transmits ve els and nerves to the front teeth of the upper jaw. (b) Inferior , the channel in the inferior maxillary or lower jaw-bone, which transmits the inferior dental nerves and ve els. (c) Posterior, one or more fine canals entering the superior maxillary bone about the middle of its posterior surface, and transmitting the posterior dental ve els and nerves. Digestive canal. Same as alimentary canal.-Ejaculatory canal. Same as ejaculatory duct (which see, under duct). Eustachian canal, the bony canal in the petrous portion of the temporal bone which forms part of the Eustachian tube. - Facial canal, the aquæduct us Fallopii (which see, under aquæduct us ): so called because it transmits the facial nerve through the temporal bone. - Gaertnerian canal, or duct of Gartner , the remains in the fe 784 male of the obliterated arch i nephric canal or Wolffian duct, forming a cæcal appendage or cul-de-sac of the genital pa ages, or a cord connecting the latter with the parovarium.-Gastrovascular canal, genital canal. See the adjectives. - Havers i an canal, the track or trace of a blood-ve el in bone; a cylindrical hollow in bone in which an artery or a vein runs. These canals are mostly of minute or microscopic size; on trans section of compact bone-ti ue they appear as round holes, but in long i section they are seen to be branching and anastomosing canals. When large and irregular, as they often are, in growing bone and in the cancellous ti ue of adult bone, they are called Havers i an spaces. The medullary cavity or marrow-cav ity of a long bone, as a humerus or femur, is really a gigantic Havers i an canal, filled with fat, numerous blood ve els, and connective ti ue. See cut under bone. Hepatic canal. Same as hepatic duct (which see, under duct).-Huguierian canal, a small pa age for the chorda tympani nerve through the temporal bone between its squamosal and petrosal elements, parallel with the Glaserian fi ure. Also called canal of Huguier. - Hunter's canal, the canal formed by the vast us intern us muscle on one side and the adductor long us and adductor magnus on the other, together with a strong fibrous band pa ing over from the vast us to the tendons of the adductors. The femoral artery runs through this canal to become the popliteal. Hyaloid canal, the fine canal in the vitreous humor of eye, extending from the optic papilla to the lens capsule, which contains in the embryo the hyaloid artery, but persists for a time after the disappearance of that ve el. Also called canal of Cloquet and canal of Stilling. - Incisor canal. See anterior palatine canal. - Infraorbital canal, the canal leading from the infraorbital groove on the orbital surface of the superior maxillary bone, and opening at the infraorbital foramen. It transmits the infraorbital nerve and artery. - Inguinal canal, a canal in the groin, about two inches long, pa ing from the internal to the external abdominal ring. It lies just above and parallel to Poupart's ligament, and transmits the spermatic cord in the male and the round ligament in the female. Also called abdominal canal. - Lacrymal canal, (a) Same as nasal canal. (b) One of the canaliculi lacrymales (which see, under canaliculus ). - Madreporic canals, mucous canals. See the adjectives. - Nasal canal, the bony canal lodging the nasal duct, and formed by the superior maxillary, lacrymal, and inferior turbinated bones.Nasopalatine canal. Same as anterior palatine canal. - Neural canal. (a) The tube formed by the centra and neural arches of vertebræ, in which the brain and spinal cord lie. (b) In echinoderms, a canal of which a part of the wall is formed by the ambulacral nerve and its connections; the track or trace of the ambulacral nerve and its connections. This band-like nerve [ambulacral nerve of a starfish] constitutes the superficial wall of a canal, which extends through the whole length of the ambulacrum, and may be termed the ambulacral neural canal. It is divided by a longitudinal septum. At its oral end each ambu lacral nerve, when it reaches the oral membrane, divides into two divergent branches, which unite with the corresponding branches of the other ambulacral nerves to form the oral ring. Answering to the latter is a wide circular neural canal , into which the ambulacral neural canals open. Huxley, Anat. Invert., p. 478. Obturator canal, a funnel-shaped opening in the upper part of the obturator membrane, transmitting the obturator ve els and nerves. - Pterygopalatine canal, Same as canaliculus pharyngeus (which see, under canaliculus ), Sacral canal, the sacral portion of the neural canal.Sant or in i's canal. Same as Bernard's canal. - Semicircular canal, one of the three membranous canals leading off from and returning into the utriculus of the inner ear: also applied to the bony channels in which these lie. A vertical superior, a vertical posterior, and a horizontal or external semicircular canal are distinguished. See cut under ear . - Sheathing canal ( canal is vaginal is ), the communication of the cavity of the tunica vaginal is testis with the general peritoneal cavity of the In man it soon closes, leaving the tunica vaginal is a shut sac.- Spinal canal, the canal formed by the series of vertebræ containing the spinal cord. Also called vertebral canal. - Spiral canal of the cochlea, the spiral channel in the petrous bone in which the cochlear portion of the membranous labyrinth is contained. - Spiral canal of the modiolus, a minute spiral canal at the base of the o eous lamina spiral is of the ear, winding spirally about the modiolus or columella of the cochlea. It contains the ganglion spirale of the cochlear nerve. Sternal canal. molluscan embryos, and regarded as probably an evanesSee sternal. - Stiebel's canal, a tube observed in certain cent embryonic nephridium. - Vertebral canal. Same as spinal canal. - Vidian canal, a canal running in the sphenoid bone from the foramen lacerum medium to the sphenomaxillary fo a, and containing the Vidian nerve and artery. Also called canal of Guidi.