whizz, whiz (hwiz)

[ Every soul it pa ed me by, Like the whizz of my cro -bow! Cole ridge, Ancient Mariner, iii. A centrifugal machine whizzer (hwiz'er), n . used for drying sugar, grain, clothes, ete. From the whizzer the wheat pa es to the smut machine. The Engineer, LXV. 2. Ritchie's Steam Whizzer . - A machine for treating musty grain. Sci. Amer ., N. S., LVIII. 178. Same as whizzingly (hwiz'ing-li), adv. [ where, whether1, which, whither, why, how, and (from the L. root) quiddity, quality, quantity, etc. Who, which, what were orig. only interrogative pronouns; which, whose, whom occur regularly and usually as relatives as early as the end of the 12th century, but who not until the 14th century.) A. interrog. Denoting a personal object of inquiry: What man or woman? what person? Who is declined, in both singular and plural alike, with the po e ive (genitive) whose and the objective (dative or accusative) whom: as, who told you so? whose book is this? of whom are you speaking? Quo made dom me [dumb), and quo specande? Quo made bisne [blind], and quo lockende? Quo but ic, that haue al wrogt? Genesis and Exodus (E. E. T. S.), 1. 2821. Ho makede the so hardy For to come in to mi Tur? King Horn (E. E. T. S.), p. 69. Ps. lxxiii. 25. IMG:content-2346.png:[blocks in formation] In certain special uses who appears - ( a ) Inquiring as to the character, origin, or status of a person: as, who is this man? (that is, what are his antecedents, his social standing, etc.); who are we (what sort of persons are we) that we should condemn him? Who art thou that judgest another man's servant? to his own master he standeth or falleth. Rom. xiv. 4. Please to know me likewise. Who am I? Why, one, sir, who is lodging with a friend Three streets off. Browning , Fra Lippo Lippi. Mr. Talboys inquired, " Who were these people?" "0 only two humble neighbors," was the reply. C. Reade, Love Me Little, iii. (b) In exclamatory sentences, interrogative in form but expecting or admitting no reply: as, who would ever have suspected it! Our heir-apparent is a king! Who dream'd, who thought of such a thing? Shak., Pericles, iii., Prol., 1. 38. B. rel. Introducing a dependent clause, and noting as antecedent a subject, object, or other factor, expre ed or understood, in a clause actually or logically preceding. (a) With reference to the clause following, the relative may introduce-(1) A subordinate proposition explanatory or restrictive of the antecedent. Ydolatrie thus was boren, For quuam mani man is for-loren. Genesis and Exodus (E. E. T. S.), L. 696. who He nadde bote a dogter ho mygte ys eir be. Rob. of Gloucester , p. 89. Witne e on Job whom that we diden wo. Chaucer , Friar's Tale, 1. 193. G. Herbert, The Church Porch. A verse may find him who a sermon flies. The general purposes of men in the conduct of their lives end in gaining either the affection or the esteem of those with whom they converse. Steele , Tatler, No. 206. Grant me still a friend in my retreat, Whom I may whisper - solitude is sweet. Cowper, Retirement, 1. 742. The antecedent is sometimes omitted, being implied in the pronoun, which is in this case usually called a compound relative. Adraweth zoure suerdes & loke wo may do best. Rob. of Gloucester , 1. 127 (Morris and Skeat, II. 6). Ac hi casten heore lot hwes he [Christ's garment) scolde beo . Old Eng. Misc . (ed. Morris), p. 50. Now tell me who made the world. Marlowe, Faustus, ii. 2. The dead man's knell Is there scarce ask'd for who . Shak., Macbeth, iv. 3. 171. There be who can relate his domestic life to the exactne of a diary. Milton , Eikon ok las tes, xxvii. Her we ask'd of that and this, And who were tutors. Tennyson , Prince , i. (2) A clause dependent in form, but adding a distinct idea. Here the relative force is almost entirely lost, who becoming equivalent to and with a demonstrative pronoun. He trod the water, Whose enmity he flung aside. Shak., Tempest, ii. 1. 116. The yong man.. at last married her, to whose wedding, amongst other guests, came A poll on i us, who found her out to be a Serpent, a Lamia. Burton , Anat. of Mel., p. 438. (b) With reference to gender, who originally noted a masculine or feminine antecedent, whether human, animate, or other, the neuter being what; and whose, the po e ive (genitive) of who, was also that of what, and is still correctly used of a neuter antecedent (see what1 ). Moreover, before the appearance of the po e ive its, whose place was filled by the neuter his (see hel, I., C. (b)), not only were neuter objects designated in the two other cases by he and him, but who and whom were sometimes substituted for that as the nominative and objective of the neuter relative (see the quotation from Putten ham). In modern use, however, who and whom are applied regularly to persons, frequently to animals, and sometimes even to inanimate things when represented with some of the attributes of humanity, as in personification or vivid descrip tion. IMG:content-2347.png:[blocks in formation] A green and gilded snake Who with her head nimble in threats approach'd The opening of his mouth. Shak., As you Like it, iv. 3. 110. Two things very worthy the obseruation I saw in two of the walkes, euen two beech trees, who were very admirable to behold, not so much for the height,... but for their greatne e. Coryat, Crudities, I. 37. Animals, who , by the proper application of rewards and punishments, may be taught any course of action. Hume , Human Understanding, ix. . If strange dogs come by, she [a doe] returns to the cows, who , with fierce lowings and menacing horns, drive the a ailants quite out of the pasture. Gilbert White, Nat. Hist. Selborne, xxiv. A mirror for the yellow-billed ducks, who are seizing the opportunity of getting a drink. George Eliot , Adam Bede, vi. And you, ye stars, Who slowly begin to marshal, As of old, in the fields of heaven, Your distant, melancholy lines! M. Arnold, Empedocles on Etna, ii. (c) With reference to the nature of its antecedent, who may note-(1) a particular or determinate person or thing (see ( a )); or (2) an indefinite antecedent, in which case who has the force of whoso , whosoever, or whoever , and is called an indefinite relative . Its antecedent may be expre ed, or it may be a compound relative. Hwam ich biteche that bred that ich on wyne wete, He me schal bitraye. Old Eng. Misc . (ed. Morris), p. 40. Alliterative Poems (ed. Morris), ii. 1648. Quos deth so he dezyre he dreped als faste. Of croice in the alde testament Was mani bisening [tokens], qwa to cowde tent. 6915 My maister Bukton, whan of Criste our Kinge Was axed what is trout he or sothfastne e, He nat a word answerde to that axinge, As who saith , "no man is al trew," I ge e. Chaucer, Envoy of Chaucer to Bukton, 1. 4. As who should say, as one who says or who might say; as if one should say. He doth nothing but frown, as who should say, “If you will not have me, choose." Shak., M. of V., i. 2. 51. The slave holds John Baptist's head a-dangle by the hair, With one hand ("look you, now," as who should say). Browning , Fra Lippo Lippi. The who, that one who; who: so also the whose, the whom . [Archaic.] The whos power as now is falle. Gower, Conf. Amant., v. Your mistre , from the whom , I see, There's no disjunction to be made. Shak., W. T., iv. 4. 539. Who all, all the persons who; the whole number (who). [Colloq.] I don't know who all , for I aint much of a bookster and don't recollect. Haliburton , Sam Slick in England, xlviii. Who but he, who else? he only; nobody else. Every one repair eth to Wriothesley, honoureth Wriothesley (as the A yrians did to Haman), and all things as done by his advice: and who but he ? Ponet , quoted in R. W. Dixon's Hist. Church of Eng., [xvi., note. She made him Marquis of Ancre, one of the Twelve Mareschals of France, Governor of Normandy; and confered divers other Honours and Offices of Trust upon him: and who but he ? Howell , Letters, I. i. 19. Who thatt, who or whoever: as a relative, either definite or indefinite. For who that entreth ther, He his sauff euere-more. William of Shoreham, De Baptismo, 1. 6 (Morris and Skeat, [II. 63). And dame Musyke com maunded curteysly La Bell Pucell wyth me than to daunce, Whome that I toke wyth all my plesaunce. Hawes, Pastime of Pleasure (Percy Soc.), p. 70. =Syn. Who , which , and that agree in being relatives, and are more or le interchangeable as such; but who is used chiefly of persons (though also often of the higher animals), which almost only of animals and things (in old English also of persons), and that indifferently of either, except after a preposition, where only who or which can stand. Some recent authorities teach that only that should be used when the relative clause is limiting or defining: as, the man that runs fastest wins the race; but who or which when it is descriptive or coördinating: as, this man, who ran fastest, won the race; but, though present usage is perhaps tending in the direction of such a distinction, it neither has been nor is a rule of English speech, nor is it likely to become one, especially on account of the impo ibility of setting that after a preposition; for to turn all relative clauses into the form "the house that Jack lived in " (instead of "the house in which Jack lived") would be intolerable. In good punctuation the defining relative is distinguished (as in the examples above), by never taking a comma before it, whether it be who or which or that . Wherever that could be properly used, but only there, the relative may be, and very often is, omitted altogether: thus, the house Jack built or lived in; the man (or the purpose) he built it for. The adjective clause introduced by a relative may qualify a noun in any way in which an adjective or adjective phrase, either attributive or appositional, can qualify it, and has sometimes a pregnant implication of one or another kind: as, why punish this man, who is innocent? i. e. seeing, or although, he is innocent (= this innocent man). But a relative is also not rarely made use of to add a coördinate statement, being equivalent to and with a following pronoun: as, I studied geometry, which I found difficult ( and [1] found it difficult); I met a friend, who kindly showed me the way ( and he kindly, etc.). This way of employing the relative is by some regarded as a Latinism, and condemned; it is restricted to who and which. whoa (hwo), interj. [Avar. of hol.] Stop! stand still! Come, Ile go teach ye hayte and ree, gee and whoe , and which is to which hand. Heywood, Fortune by Land and Sea (Works, ed. 1874, (VI. 384).