Alcohol ate, Alcohate, Alcoate

[Fr. alco holat.] (Chem.) Crystallizable compounds formed by the combination of anhydrous alcohol with many anhydrous saline bodies in definite proportions, and in which the alcohol seems to occupy the place of water of crystallization. The chlorides and the nitrates offer the best examples of the formation of alcohol ates. Alcohol'ic, a . [Fr. alcohol i que .] Pertaining to, containing, or having the properties of, alcohol. Alcoholization, n. [Fr. alcoholisation .] The act of rectifying spirits. B Alcoholize, v . a . [Fr. alcohol i ser .] To convert into alcohol; to rectify spirits. Alcohol'meter, ALCOHOLOM'ETER, ALCOOMETER, n. [Fr. alcoholo mètre.] An instrument for determining the strength of spirits. and usually made of gla , in the form represented ( Fig.76 ). This is the Gay-Lu ac's A. , the simplest and the best of all. The stem is divided into 100 degrees; it sinks to 0° or A in pure water, and to 100° or B in pure alcohol. If it sinks to 550, it indicates that the liquor contains 55 per cent. alcohol and 45 per cent. water. This instrument is only accurate at the temperature of 150 C. If the temperature is different, the indication of the Alcohol meter must be corrected by means of tables prepared for the purpose, to be seen in special books. A Alcohol metrical, a . Relating to the alcohol meter. Alcoholometry, ALCOOM'ETRY, n. The proce of ascertaining the strength of alcohol by determining the quantity of water contained in it. See ALCOHOL METER. Fig . 76. (Physiol.) As a drink, A. is one of the most powerful antagonists of life. When pure, it is a deadly poison; when diluted, its pernicious effects are not so rapid, of course, but it is ever injurious to health. The able and Alcoometrical, a . See ALCOHOL METRICAL. Alco'na, in Michigan, a county bordering on Lake Huron, and drained by the Au Sable river. Area, about 630 sq. m. recent researches of Dr. E. Smith, and MM. Lallemand, Duroy, and Perrin, have positively proved that A. is not. in any case, a food, as it is too generally believed; and that it is neither transformed nor destroyed within the organism. A. does not a imilate; it pa es out of the stomach in precisely the same condition in which it entered it. It shows itself in the breath of the habitual drinker, in his perspiration, his evacuation. It is still alcohol. Part may be retained in the blood, which it thins and weakens. For explaining the effects of alcoholic inebriation, it is said that A. , taken in large doses, is at first intensely stimulating, but that a secondary depre ion quickly arises, which disturbs all the intellectual powers. We believe it highly improper to give the name of stimulant to the effect of A. on the mental faculties. A. does not stimulate; it paralyzes. This will be easily understood. - As opium, ether, and chloroform, A. is a narcotic. The narcotics which especially affect the brain may exercise their depre ing influence in such a way as to render that organ, at once, more or le incapable of ministering to any mental operation; or they may le en, at first, only its capacity for giving effect to certain kinds of mental energy, as it occurs when a large dose of A. is taken into the stomach. The first warning of alcoholic inebriation is flushing in the face, an occurrence which indicates that the blood is beginning to be saturated, the cervical sympathetic is beginning to be paralyzed. It is about this period that the drinker finds himself in unnaturally high spirits; that his animal pa ions are more prominent; that feelings of vanity carry him away in garrulity of talk, and that whatever sentimentalism there may be in his nature, is apt to come out, often ludicrously enough. The clue to a right appreciation of the succe ive phenomena is this: that the feelings, ordinarily suppre ed by voluntary effort, are displayed, by the removal of the customary veils, in the order of their concealment. Reason and prudence and the moral sense, which form the varnish, mostly a thin one, superimposed upon the sensuous nature, vanish simultaneously with the faculty of estimating ideas of time and space, and with the power of accurate co-ordination of the muscular movements. This is the first stage of inebriation. The effects of A. proceeding gradually to develop themselves, the nerves of sensation are completely paralyzed, and the drunkard, then voicele , falls to the rank of an animal of the lowest cla . This is the second stage, characterized by the stupidity of the face. At last, paralysis extending itself to the nerves of motion, leaves the body in a state of complete insensibility. After this regular and progre ive extinction of the vital properties of the various portions of the nervous system, a fourth and last stage may follow. if the quantity of the absorbed A. was considerable; the paralysis reaches the heart, and death is the immediate consequence, exactly as it occurs with other narcotics. In the recovery from the poisonous influence of A. , the brain is the first to lose the influence of the poison. As a consequence of the restoration of consciousne which this brings about, the mind takes cognizance of the condition of the still half devitalized sensory nerves, and there is thereforo