A JA-I-NAMAZ OR PRAYER CARPET, AS USED IN PESHAWAR.

JAIYID ( جيد‎ ). Pure money; current coin. A term used in Muslim law. ( Hidāyah , vol. iii. p. 152.) JALĀL ( جلال‎ ). Being glorious or mighty. Ẕū ʾl-Jalāl , “The Glorious One,” is an attribute of God. See Qurʾān, Sūrah lv. 78 : “Ble ed be the name of thy Lord who is po e ed of glory and honour.” Al-Jalāl is a term used by Ṣūfī mystics to expre that state of the Almighty which places Him beyond the understanding of His creatures. (ʿAbdu ʾr-Razzāq’s Dictionary of Ṣūfī Terms .) AL -JALĀLĀN ( الجلالان‎ ). “The two Jalāls.” A term given to two commentators of the name of Jalālu ʾd-dīn, whose joint work is called the Tafsīru ʾl-Jalālain ; the first half of which was compiled by the Shaik͟h Jalālu ʾd-dīn al-Maḥallī, died A.H . 864, and the rest by Jalālu ʾd-dīn as-Suyūt̤ī, died A.H . 911. Jalālu ʾd-dīn as-Suyūt̤ī was a prolific author. Grammar, rhetoric, dogmatical and practical theology, history, criticism, medicine, and anatomy, comprise some of the subjects on which he wrote. His Itqān , which is an explanatory work on the Qurʾān, has been published by the Asiatic Society of Bengal, and edited by Dr. Sprenger ( A.D . 1857), and his History of the Temple of Jerusalem has been translated by the Rev. James Reynolds for the Oriental Translation Society ( A.D . 1836). [ JERUSALEM .] JAʿLU ʾL-JAUF ( جعل الجوف‎ ). Another name for Dūmatu ʾl-Jandal, a place near Tabūk. [ DUMAH .] JĀLŪT ( جالوت‎ ). [ GOLIATH .] JAMRAH ( جمرة‎ ). Lit . “Gravel, or small pebbles.” (1) The three pillars at Minā, at which the Makkan pilgrims throw seven pebbles. They are known as al-Ūlā, the first; al-Wust̤ā, the middle; and al-ʿĀqibah, the last. According to Muslim writers these pillars mark the succe ive spots where the Devil, in the shape of an old Shaik͟h, appeared to Adam, Abraham, and Ishmael, and was driven away by the simple proce which Gabriel taught them of throwing seven small pebbles. The Jamratu ʾl-ʿĀqibah , is known as the Shait̤ānu ʾl-Kabīr , or the “Great Devil.” Captain Burton, in his El Medinah and Mecca , vol. ii. 227, says:— “The ‘ Shait̤ānu ʾl-Kabīr ’ is a dwarf buttre of rude masonry, about eight feet high by two and a half broad, placed against a rough wall of stones, at the Meccan entrance to Muna. As the ceremony of ‘Ramy,’ or Lapidation, must be performed on the first day by all pilgrims between sunrise and sunset, and as the fiend was malicious enough to appear in a rugged pa , the crowd makes the place dangerous. On one side of the road, which is not forty feet broad, stood a row of shops, belonging principally to barbers. On the other side is the rugged wall of the pillar, with a chevaux de frise of Bedouins and naked boys. The narrow space was crowded with pilgrims, all struggling like drowning men to approach as near as po ible to the Devil.” IMG:3048615538088815629_p225.png:THE SHAITANU ʾL-KABIR. (Burton.) THE SHAITANU ʾL-KABIR . ( Burton .) (2) Jamrah also means a “live coal,” and is an astronomical or meteorological term used to signify the infusion of vital heat into the elements in spring, or rather, at the end of winter. According to this theory there are three Jamarāt: one, the infusion of heat into the air, occurs thirty days before the vernal equinox; the second, affecting the waters, seven days later; and the third, vivifying the earth, sixteen days before the equinox. (Catafago’s Dictionary , in loco .) JAMʿU ʾL-JAMʿ ( جمع الجمع‎ ). Lit . “The plural of a plural.” A term used by the Ṣūfī mystics for the high position of the Perfect Man or al-Insānu ʾl-Kāmil . JANĀB ( جناب‎ ). “Majesty.” A term of respect used in India in addre ing a person of rank or office, whether Native or European. Janāb-i-ʿalī , “Your high eminence.” JANĀBAH ( جنابة‎ ). A state of uncleanne . The Niddoh , or separation, of Levitic us xii. 5 . The menses, coitus, childbirth, pollutio nocturn a , contact with the dead, or having performed the offices of nature, place the person in a state of Janābah or separation. [ PURIFICATION .] JANĀZAH, JINĀZAH ( جنازة‎ ). A term used both for the bier , and for the funeral service of a Muslim, also for the corpse itself. [ BURIAL .] JĀNN ( جان‎ ). The father of the Jinn. [ JINN .] JANNAH ( جنة ‎ ), pl. Jannāt . Lit . “A garden.” (1) A term used for the regions of celestial bli . [ PARADISE .] (2) A term used by Ṣūfī mystics to expre different stages of the spiritual life: Jannatu ʾl-Afʿāl , the paradise of works, or that enjoyment which is derived from sensual pleasures, such as eating, drinking, .; Jannatu ʾl-Wirās̤ah , the paradise of inheritance, which is a disposition like that of the saints and prophets; Jannatu ʾṣ-Ṣifāt , the paradise of attributes, becoming like God; Jannatu ʾẕ-Ẕāt , the paradise of e ence, being united with God ( i.e . absorption into the divine e ence). (ʿAbdu ʾr-Razzāq’s Dictionary of Ṣūfī Terms .) JANNĀTU ʿADN ( جنات عدن‎ ). The Gardens of Eden. ( Sūrah ix. 73 , et alias .) [ PARADISE .] JANNĀTU ʾL-FIRDAUS ( جنات الفردوس‎ ). The Gardens of Paradise. ( Sūrah xviii. 107 .) [ PARADISE .] JANNATU ʾL-K͟HULD ( جنة الخلد‎ ). The Garden of Eternity. ( Sūrah xxv. 16 .) [ PARADISE .] JANNĀTU ʾL-MAʾWĀ ( جنات الماوى‎ ). The Gardens of Refuge. ( Sūrah xxxii. 19 .) [ PARADISE .] JANNĀTU ʾN-NAʿĪM ( جنات النعيم‎ ). The Gardens of Delight. ( Sūrah v. 70 .) [ PARADISE .] JĀR MULĀṢIQ ( جار ملاصق‎ ). “A next-door neighbour.” A term used in Muḥammadan law for a joint proprietor in a house, or room or wall of the house. ( Hidāyah , vol. iii. p. 565.) JARR ( جر‎ ). “Dragging.” A degree of chastisement practised according to Muḥammadan law, namely, by dragging the offender to the door and exposing him to scorn. (Hamilton’s Hidāyah , vol. ii. p. 76.) AL -JĀS̤IYAH ( الجاثية‎ ). Lit . “The Kneeling.” A title given to the XLV th Sūrah of the Qurʾān, in which the expre ion occurs (verse 26):— “And God’s is the kingdom of the Heavens and of the Earth; and on the day when the Hour shall arrive, on that day shall the despisers perish. And thou shalt see every nation kneeling ; to its own book shall every nation be summoned:—‘This day shall ye be repaid as ye have wrought.’ ” JĀS̤ULĪQ ( جاثليق‎ ). An Arabicized word from the Greek Καθολικὸς . The Catholicos , or Primate of the Christians. In the G͟hiyās̤u ʾl-Lug͟hah he is said to be the chief of the Christians, and under him is the Mit̤rān (Metropolitan), and then the Usquf (Bishop), and then Qasīs (Presbyter), and then Shammās (Deacon). Mr. Lane, in his Dictionary, gives the Order of Bit̤rāq (Patriarch) as under the Jās̤ulīq , which term we understand to mean, in Muḥammadan works, none other than the Patriarch, e.g . of Jerusalem, or Antioch, . JAWĀMIʿU ʾL-KALIM ( جوامع الكلم‎ ). Lit . “Comprehending many significations.” A title given to the Qurʾān and to certain traditions, because it is related that the Prophet said , “ that has been revealed to me which comprehends many significations. ” ( Kashfu ʾl-Iṣt̤ilāḥāt , in loco .) JAẔʿAH ( جذعة‎ ). A female camel in her fifth year. The proper age for a camel given in zakāt or legal alms for camels from sixty-one to seventy-five in number. [ ZAKAT .] JAẔBAH ( جذبة‎ ). “Attraction.” A term used by the Ṣūfī mystics to expre a yearning after the Divine Being. The nearer approach of man to his Maker through God’s grace. (ʿAbdu ʾr-Razzāq’s Dictionary of Ṣūfī Terms .)