Clay, Henry

(April 12, 1777—June 29, 1852), statesman, orator and political leader, was born in the ‘‘ Slashes,” Va. He studied law, and at the age of twenty removed to Kentucky. Having served in the Legislature, he was at a very early age elected to the U. S. Senate, and represented Kentucky at Washington from 1806 to 1807. He was soon attached to the cause of internal improvements, with which his name became identified. In rapid succe ion came his term as Speaker of the Kentucky A embly, as U. S. Senator again 1809-11 and as member of the House, which he entered in 1811. Although a newcomer, he was immediately chosen Speaker, and served until his resignation in 1814. He was a leader of the war party which forced Madison into the contest with Great Britain. His life in Congre was interrupted in 1814, as he had been chosen one of the envoys to treat for the peace finally negotiated at Ghent in December, 1814. In 1815 he was again in the House and served continuously as its Speaker until 1821. During this period he was a powerful advocate of the Spanish-American States in insurrection, and was instrumental in effecting the Mi ouri Compromise (which see). After a brief absence from Congre he was again Speaker of the House in 1823-25. He was in 1824 a candidate for the Presidency, and received thirty-seven electoral votes. In the exciting contest in the House of Representatives Adams was finally chosen President, and his appointment of Clay as Secretary of State caused not unnaturally the groundle charge of a ‘‘ bargain '’ between the two. Clay had ardently supported the tariff of 1824, and denominated the protective the ‘‘ American System.’’ While he was Secretary the principal diplomatic matter which arose was the Panama Congre . He retired from office in 1829, but in 1831 he entered the Senate from Kentucky. For twenty years he was the natural leader of the great party known first as the National Republican, but soon as the Whig. He was nominated as its candidate for President in December, 1831, but was overwhelmingly defeated by Jackson. He was active in the bank controversy and other questions of the time, and brought about the tariff compromise of 1833, and the settlement with France in 1835. In 1840 he failed to receive the Whig nomination, and in 1843 he retired from the Senate. The Whig National Convention of 1844 nominated him by acclamation, but Clay’s trimming ‘‘ Alabama Letter ” turned the scale in favor of Polk. He re-entered the Senate in 1849, and took the foremost part in the great compromise bill of 1850. Although by far the most popular man in the party, he never again received the nomination for President. In comparison with his great colleagues he shone chiefly as a brilliant debater, ‘‘ magnetic ” platform orator and contriver of compromise measures, intended to preserve the Union. Clayton, John M. (1796-1856), of Delaware, of which he was Chief Justice from 1837 to 1840, was U. S. Senator from 1829 to 1835, from 1845 to 1849, and from 1851 till his death. In 1849 he became Secretary of State under President Taylor, in which office he was continued by President Fill more till July, 1850, As such he negotiated the celebrated Clayton-Bulwer treaty with Great Britain. 158