Besson, REVEREND JEAN JULES

8.J., b. at Bor- Seminary; at the time of his death, spiritual director deaux, France, 21 October, 1855. Education: College of the Dominican Sisters, Racine, Wisconsin. Author of St. Joseph, Tivoli; scholasticates of the Society of of: ‘History of the Church” (New York, 1885, and Jesus, Toulouse, Vals, and Uclés, Spain; Greg or i an 8 subsequent editions). University, Rome. Entered the Society of Jesus ARTICLES: BerRnwakp, Saint; Bruno, Saint. 1873; ordained 1886; profe or of canon law, Jesuit scholasticate of Uclés, Spain (1890-1893), scholasti- Birkner, FERDINAND, Ph.p., b. in Munich, 28 cate of Vals, France (1897-1899), and Catholic December, 1868. Education: Wilhelms-Gymnasium, Institute, Toulouse, (1899— ). Author of: ‘Con- Munich; University of Munich. Has devoted his life damnation du modern is me”’ (Tournai, 1907); ‘‘Actes to the study of the natural sciences, particularly récentes du Saint-Siége contre les erreurs modernes”’ anthropology; at present extraordinary profe or of (Tournai, 1910); re-edited Ramiére, ‘‘Compendium anthropology, University of Munich, and Royal instituti soc i etat is Jesu’’ (Toulouse, 1896); col labor a- Custodian of the State Anthropologico-Prehistoric tor in “ Dictionnaire apologétique de la foi catholique”’; Collection, Munich. Secretary of the Anthropological director of the ‘Revue théologique frangaise”’ (1901) Society, Munich; member of the Imperial Leopolduntil its combination with the ‘Nouvelle revue Charles German Academy of Naturalists, Halle-anthéologique”’ (Tournai) (1906); director of the latter der-Saale; corresponding member of the Pontific i a review (1906— ); contributor to: ““Revue théo- Academia Romana dei Nuovi Lincei. Author of: logique frangaise’’ (a series of articles on the acts and “Be it rage zur An thro polo gie der Hand’? (Munich, decisions of the Holy See); ‘‘Nouvelle revue théo- 1895); “ Beitraige zur Ra enanatomie der Chinesen”’ logique’’; ‘‘Etudes”’ (a series of canonical articles); (Munich, 1904); “‘Der diluviale Mensch in Europa”’ “T’Univers”’. (Munich, 1910); ‘‘Ra en und Volker der Mensch- ARTICLES: Canons, CoLuecTions or ANCIENT; DIS PENS A he it”’, in collaboration with Wilhelm Schmidt (1911); TION. contributor to: “Archiv fiir An thro polo gie” (Brunswick); ‘‘Korrespondenzblatt der Deutschen Anthro-