Scherer, History of German Literature, II

327. Grethel (greth'el; G. pron. grā'tel), Gammer. The fictitious narrator of "Grimm's Tales." Gretna Green (gret'nä grēn). A farm steading near the village of Springfield, Dumfrie hire, Scotland, 8 miles northwest of Car lisle. The name was afterward applied to the village, which became notorious for the celebration of irregular marriages contracted by runaway parties from England. These marriages were rendered invalid (unle one of the parties has resided for some weeks in Scotland) by an act pa ed in 1856. Grétry (gra-tre'), André Ernest Modeste. Born at Liège, Belgium, Feb. 8, 1741: died at Montmorency, near Paris, Sept. 24, 1813. A French composer. His works include the operas "Le Huron" (1768), "Lucile" (1769), "Le tableau parlant" (1769), "Zémire et Azor" (1771), "L'Amant jaloux" (1778), "L'Épreuve villageoise," "Richard Cœur de Lion" (1784), "Guillaume Tell” (1791), “Lisbeth" (1797), etc. He also wrote several books, "Mémoires ou e ais sur la musique" (1789), "De la vérité, etc." (1803), etc. Greuze (grėz), Jean Baptiste. Born at Tournus, France, Aug. 21, 1725: died at Paris, March 21,1805. A genre and portrait paintes, pupil at Academy. In 1755 he went to Italy with the Abbé Goujenot. In 1767 he retired to Anjou, whence he returned to exhibit pictures in his studio. He ama ed a large for tune, which was lost in the Revolution. Neglected by the public, which admired only the new school of David, he Grève (grāv), Place de la. The place of execution of ancient Paris. Until the creation of the Place du Carrousel, it was the largest open square in the city; was also used as a market; and was the point most intimately a ociated with the busine of the city. For this reason it was chosen for the location of the Hôtel de Ville, which now stands there. The space in front of it, for pa ed his last years in misery and neglect. of Queen Elizabeth; and was an intimate friend and the biographer of his kinsman Sir Philip Sidney. He became secretary for Wales in 1583; treasurer "of the wars" in March, and of the navy Sept., 1598; chancellor of the exchequer in 1614; and commi ioner of the treasury in 1618. He was stabbed, Sept. 1, by a servant, Ralph Haywood, one of the witne es to his will, to whom he failed to leave a legacy. His epitaph, composed by himself, was: "Fulke Greville, servant to Queen Elizabeth, councillor to King James, and friend to Sir Philip Sidney." His works were reprinted by Grosart (1870). Gréville (gra-vel'), Henry. The pseudonym of Alice Marie Céleste Durand. Greville (grev'il), Robert, second Lord Brooke. Born 1608: died March 2,1643. An English Parliamentary general in the civil war, only son of Fulke Greville. He defeated the Earl of North amp ton at Kineton, near Banbury, Aug. 3, 1642; was appointed in Jan., 1643, commander-in-chief of the counties of Warwick, Stafford, Leicester, and Derby; captured Str at ford on-Avon in Feb.; and was killed at Lich field. He wrote "The Nature of Truth, etc." (1640), and other works. Greville, Robert Kaye. Born at Bishop Auckland, Durham, Dec. 13, 1794: died near Edinburgh, June 4, 1866. A British botanist. He published "Scottish Cryptogamic Flora," "Flora Edinensis" (begun 1823), "Icones filicum" (with Hooker: begun 1829), "Algæ Britannicæ" (1830), the botany of India and of British North America in the "Edinburgh Cabinet Library," etc. He was an opponent of slavery and a supporter of the cause of temperance. Grévy (gra-vē'), Albert. Born at Mont-so us Vau drey, department of Jura, Aug. 23, 1824: died there, July 11, 1899. A French statesman, brother of François Paul Jules Grévy. He was elected to the National A embly in 1871, and to the Chamber of Deputies in 1876. He was civil and military governor of Algeria (1879-81). Grévy, François Paul Jules. Born at Montsous-Vaudrey, Jura, France, Aug. 15, 1807: died at Mont-sous-Vaudrey, Sept. 9, 1891. A French statesman. He was a deputy to the Constituent A embly 1848-49, to the Legislative A embly 1849-51, and to the Corps Législatif 1868-70; and was president of the National A embly 1871-73, and of the Chamber of Deputies 1876 and 1877-79. He succeeded Mac-Mahon as president of the French republic in 1879; was reëlected in Dec., 1885; and was compelled to resign in 1887, owing to the traffic which his son-in-law Wilson carried on in offices and decorations. Grew (grö), Nehemiah. Born 1641: died March 25, 1712. An English botanist, noted for his studies in vegetable anatomy and physiology. He graduated at Cambridge (Pembroke Hall) in 1661, and took the degree of doctor of medicine at Leyden in 1671. In 1677 he became secretary of the Royal Society, and ed. ited the "Philosophical Transactions" (Jan., 1678,-Feb., 1679). His "Anatomy of Plants" appeared in 1682. Gridley, Richard Grey (marquis of Dorset and duke of Suffolk) and great-granddaughter of Henry VII. of England. She was the pupil of Bishop Aylmer and of Roger Ascham. At the age of 15 she was able to write in Greek, Latin, Italian, French, and German, and was studying Hebrew. She was married to Lord Guild ford Dudley in May, 1553, as a part of the plot for changing the succe ion of the crown from the Tudors to the Dudleys after the death of Edward VI.; was proclaimed queen in July, 1553; was arrested in Nov., and afterward condemned for treason; and was executed on Tower Hill with her husband, Feb. 12, 1554. She has been made the subject of tragedies by Rowe (1715), Laplace (1745), Madame de Staël (1800), Brifaut (1812), Soumet (1844), Tennyson (1876), etc. Grey, Richard. Born at Newcastle, England, 1694: died at Hinton, North amp tons hire, Feb. 28, 1771. An English divine and scholar, rector of Hinton from 1720. He published "Memoria Technic a, or a New Method of Artificial Memory". (1730), long a popular work on mnemonics. Grey, Thomas, first Marquis of Dorset. Born 1451: died Sept. 20, 1501. An English nobleman, son of Sir John Grey, Lord Ferrers of Groby, and Elizabeth Woodville (afterward queen of Edward IV.). He was created earl of Hunting don in 1471, and marquis of Dorset in 1475. In 1471 he took part in the murder of Prince Edward, son of Henry VL. On the acce ion of Richard III. he fled, and joined the party of Henry of Richmond (afterward Henry VII.). Не was on the Continent until after the battle of Bosworth. Grey, Sir William. Born 1818: died at Torquay, May 15, 1878. An English statesman. He was lieutenant-governor of Bengal in 1867-71, and governor of Jamaica 1874-77. Greycoat School or Hospital. A school at Westminster, London, situated on the east end of Rochester Row, facing Greycoat Place. It is so named from the color of the clothing worn by the inmates. It was founded in 1698 by Queen Anne for the education of 70 poor boys and 40 poor girls. Thornbury . Grey Friars (gra fri'ärz), or Fratri Minores (fra'trī mi-nō'rēz), or Minorites (minor-its). In the Roman Catholic Church, one of the mendicant orders, founded by St. Francis of A isi. Also called Francis cans . The other orders are Do mini cans (Friars Major, Friars Preachers, or Black Friars), Carmelites (White Friars), and August in i ans (Austin Friars). The order of Grey Friars was established by Pope Honor i us III. in 1223. In London the Grey Friars (Bluecoat School) afterward stood. The monastery was founded by John Ewin, a mercer, in 1225. The choir of Grey Friars Church was built by Joyner, lord mayor in 1239, and the nave was added by Henry Walings. The church was rebuilt in 1306 by Margaret, queen of Edward I. In 1421 Sir Richard Whittington gave the monks a were located in Ludgate street, where Christ's Hospital Howick, 1729: died there, Nov. 14,1807. An English general. He became colonel and king's aide-decamp in 1772; joined Howe in America in 1776 (with the rank of major-general); defeated Anthony Wayne near Paoli, Sept. 20,1777; commanded a brigade at German town Oct. 4, 1777; captured New Bedford and Martha's Vineyard in 1778; returned to England in 1782; and was appointed commander-in-chief in America-an appointment which of war rendered inoperative. In he appointed with Jervis (later Earl St. Vincent) commander of an expedition to the French West Indies. They reduced Martin i que in March, and St. Lucia and Guadeloupe in April, Grey, Charles, second Earl Grey, and Viscount Howick. Born at Fallodon, near Alnwick, North umber land, March 13, 1764: died July 17, 1845. An English Whig statesman. He became first lord of the admiralty under Grenville in 1806, foreign secretary on the death of Fox, and was dismi ed from