Fort Bard

See Bard. Fort Benton. A small town in Choteau County, northern Montana, on the Mi ouri River: an important center of the fur-trade. Switzerland, Aug. 22, died at Paris, June 27, 1872. A French engraver of portraits and historical pictures. Förster (fèr's ter), Fried rich. Born at Münchengo erstädt, Sept. 24, 1791: died at Berlin, Nov. 8,1868. A German historian, soldier, poet, and journalist, brother of E. Förster. He published works on Wal lens tein, Frederick the Great, recent Pru ian history, etc. Förster, He in rich. Born at Gro glogau, Pru ia, Nov. 24, 1800: died at Johannisberg, Austrian Silesia, Oct. 20, 1881. A German Roman Catholic prelate prelate and pulpit orator, bishop of Breslau. Forster (for's ter), Johann Georg Adam, commonly called Georg Forster. Born at Na en huben, near Dantzie, Pru ia, Nov. 27, 1754: died at Paris, Jan. 10, 1794. A German naturalist, traveler, and author, son of J. R. Forster. He accompanied Cook on his second voyage in 1772. Among his works are " A Voyage round the World" (1777), "Kleine Schriften" (1789-97), "Ansichten vom Nied err he in, Brabant, etc." (1790). Forster, Johann Reinhold. Born at Dirschau, Pru ia, Oct. 22, 1729: died at Halle, Pru ia, Dec. 9, 1798. A German traveler and naturalist. He accompanied Cook on his second voyage in 1772, and published "Observations made during a Voyage round the World," etc. (1778), etc. Forster (fôr's ter), John. Born at Newcastle, April 2, 1812: died Feb. 2, 1876. An English historian and biographer. He studied at University College; was called to the bar at the Inner Temple in 1843; became editor of the "Examiner" in 1847; was appointed secretary to the commi ioners of lunacy in 1855; and was made a commi ioner of lunacy in 1861, a position which he resigned in 1872. He bequeathed "the Forster Collection" to the nation. It is now at South Kensington. It consists of 18,000 books, many manuscripts (including nearly all the original manuscripts of Dickens's novels), 48 oil-paintings, and a large number of drawings, engravings, etc. His works include "Historical and Biographical E ays" (collected in 1858), "Life of Sir John Eliot" (expanded 1864), "Life of Landor" (1869), "Life of Dickens" (1872-73-74), etc. He wrote a number of other biographies, and contributed masterly articles to the leading periodicals. bam a. It was attacked Sept. 15, 1814, by a British land force of 730 troops and 200 Creek Indians, a isted by a naval force. The garrison, which consisted of 134 men, repelled the attack with the lo of 5 killed and 4 wounded. The British lost 162 killed and 70 wounded. Fort Caswell. A fort on Oak Island, at the mouth of Cape Fear River, North Carolina, held by the Confederates till 1865. Fort Clinton. A fort in the highlands of the Hudson, south of West Point, during the Revolutionary War. Fort Craig, Battle of. A battle at Fort Craig, New Mexico, Feb. 21, 1862, during the Civil War, in which a Union force of 3,810 men un der Colonel E. R. S. Canby was defeated and driven within the fort by the Confederate general H. H. Sibley. Fort Dear born. A fort, established by the United States government (1804), which became the nucleus of Chicago. See Chicago . Fort de France (for de frons), formerly Fort Royal. A seaport and the capital of the island of Martin i que, French West Indies, situated in lat. 14°36′ Ñ., long. 61° 4′ W. Population (1885), 15,529. Fort de l'Écluse (for de lā-klüz'). A fort on the Rhône, west of Geneva, guarding the entrance to France from Switzerland. Fort Dodge. The capital of Webster County, Iowa, situated on the Des Moines River 70 miles northwest of Des Moines. Population (1890), 4,871. Fort Do nelson. A fortification in northwestern Tenne ee, situated on the Cumber land River 63 miles west-northwest of Nashville. It was invested by General Grant Feb. 13-14, 1862. Having sustained a bombardment by the Federal gunboats under Commodore Foote Feb. 14, the garrison (which numbered about 18,000 effectives) made an unsucce ful sortie Feb. 15. The fort was surrendered by General Buckner Feb. 16: his senior officers, Generals Floyd and Pillow, escaped by the river. The Federals numbered 15,000 at the beginning of the investment, and about 27,000 at the surrender. Fortescue, Sir John. Died Dec. 23, 1607. An English politician. He was a cousin of Queen Eliza- beth. He was appointed to superintend the studies of Elizabeth about 1553, and was made keeper of the great wardrobe on her acce ion in 1558, chancellor of the ex- chequer in 1589, and chancellor of the duchy of Lancaster in 1601. On the acce ion of James I. in 1603 he was de- prived of the chancellorship of the exchequer, but re- tained in his other offices. In 1604 he was defeated by Sir Francis Good win in a parliamentary election for Buck- ingham. The clerk of the crown refused to receive the return of Good win on the ground that he was an outlaw, whereupon Fortescue was elected by virtue of a second writ. The House of Commons recognized the election of Good win as legal. A dispute between the king and the Commons in reference to the election resulted, under the guise of a compromise, in a victory for the Commons, who have since regularly exercised the right to decide on the legality of returns. Forteviot (fôr-tē'vi-ot). A former town near Perth, Scotland, noted as the old capital of the Forth (forth). A river of Scotland which, ris- ing on and near Ben Lomond, flows east and merges in the Firth of Forth at Alloa. The es- tuary of the Forth (the Firth of Forth), an inlet of the North Sea, extends from Alloa eastward about 50 miles. Length, 65 miles. Forth, Firth of. See Forth . Forth Bridge, The. A bridge erected (1882- 1889) by the North British Railway acro the Firth of Forth at Queens ferry, Scotland: the largest bridge yet built. The two main spans are each 1,710 feet long, and are formed of two cant a livers each 680 feet long, united by a girder of 350 feet span in the clear. Each of these spans is 100 feet longer than that of the Brooklyn Bridge. The steel towers which support the cant a livers are 360 feet high, and the clear height above high water is 151 feet. The total length is 8,295 feet, and the cost was $16,000,000. The metal-work IMG:content-0424.png:[blocks in formation] Fort McAllister. A fort on the Ogeechee River, opposite Genesis Point, Georgia, built by the Confederates during the Civil War to guard the approach to Savannah. It was taken by a ault by a division of General Sherman's army under General Hazen Dec. 13, 1864. Fort McHenry. A fort at the entrance of Bal- timore harbor. It was unsucce fully bombarded by the British fleet in 1814. During the bombardment Francis Scott Key, an American citizen, was detained on board a British ve el, and was inspired by the spectacle to write "The Star-Spangled Banner." Fort Macon. A fort on the eastern extremity of Bogue Island, commanding Beaufort har- bor, North Carolina, begun in 1826, and finished in 1834. It was captured April 26, 1861, by a Union army under General Parke, a isted by a naval force under Commander Samuel Lock wood. Fort Madison. A city and the capital of Lee County, southeastern Iowa, situated on the Mi i ippi 17 miles southwest of Burlington. Population (1890), 7,901. Fort Mifflin. A fort on the Delaware near the mouth of the Schuylkill: one of the defenses of Philadelphia. Fort Monroe. A fort on Old Point Comfort, at the mouth of the James River, Virginia. It oc- cupies a tract of 200 acres ceded in 1818 by Virginia to the United States, and is the largest military work in the country. Fort Montgomery. An American fort on the Hudson, during the Revolutionary War, 6 miles south of West Point. Fort Morgan. A fort at the entrance to Mo- bile Bay, on the site of the old Fort Bowyer. The Americans under Major Lawrence here repulsed a combined sea and land attack by the British and their Indian allies Sept. 15, 1814. Fort Moultrie. A fort on Sullivan's Island, in the main entrance to Charleston harbor, erected during the War of 1812. It was abandoned by the Federals under Major Robert Anderson Dec. 26, 1860, and was seized by the Confederates, who served a battery from it during the bombardment of Fort Sumter. Fort Niagara. A fort at the mouth of the Niagara River, New York, established by the French in 1678, and surrendered by the British to the United States in 1796. Fort Pickens. A fort on Santa Rosa Island, Pensacola harbor. It was weakly garrisoned by the Federals under Lieutenant A. J. Slemmer at the out- break of the Civil War, but refused to surrender in Jan., 1861, and was held until reinforced. Fort Pillow. A fort on the Chick a saw Bluff, in Tenne ee, on the Mi i ippi River, above Memphis, noted in the Civil War. It was erected by the Confederates during the Civil War, and was occupied by the Federals June 5, 1862, having been evacuated and partially destroyed by the Confederates on the day pre- vious. It was recaptured by the Confederates under which consisted of a regiment of colored infantry and a detachment of cavalry, was ma acred. Fort Pulaski. A fort on Cockspur Island, at the head of Tybee Roads, commanding both channels of the Savannah River. During the Civil War it was captured by the Federals un- der General Hunter, April 10, 1862. Fort Riley. A United States military post in Kansas, at the junction of the Republican and Fort Royal. See Fort de France. Fort St. David. A ruined town on the Coro- mandel coast, India, 13 miles south of Pondi- Fort St. Elmo. See Elmo , Castle of Saint . Fort St. George. The fortre of Madras. It played an important part in the French and English strug- gles in India during the 18th century. Fort St. Philip. A fort on the Mi i ippi, nearly opposite Fort Jackson (which see). Fort Scott. The capital of Bourbon County, eastern Kansas, 88 miles south of Kansas City. Population (1890), 11,946. Fort Smith. A town in Sebastian County, Arkansas, situated on the Arkansas River in lat. 35° 22′ N., long. 94° 28′ W. Population Fortune (fôr'tūn). A short poem erroneously attributed to Chaucer by Shirley. "Ballade de Visage [sometimes written Village] sauns Peynture" ("The Face of the World as it really is, not Painted"). It is based partly on Boethius and partly on a portion of the "Roman de la Rose." Fortune. A painting by Guido Reni, in the Accademia di San Luca, Rome. The godde is represented nude, smiling, sweeping over a globe. From her raised left hand hangs a purse from which money falls. A Cupid clings to her flowing hair and to the scarf which floats behind her. For tuny (for-tö'ne) y Carbo, Mariano José run Bernardo Carbo, Mariano Jose June 11, 1838: died at Rome, Nov. 21, 1874. A Spanish genre painter and aquafortist. He fol- lowed the course at the Academy de Bellas Artes at Barce- lona. He studied first in the manner of Over beck, in which For tuny y Carbo he excelled his master Claudio Lorenzalez, but his true style was developed by seeing the lithographs of Gavarni. He gained the grand prix de Rome 1857. He followed the expedition to Morocco, where he developed his taste for Arabian subjects. After several visits to Paris, Florence, Naples, Madrid, Seville, Granada, and even England, he established himself in Portici; then returned to Rome, where he died suddenly at the age of thirty-six. Among his works are "Interior (Mauresque)," "Cour de maison à Tangier," "Intérieur de bazar," "Exercises à feu en presence de la reine d'Espagne," "Fantasie arabe," "La baie de Portici." Fort Wads worth. A fort on Staten Island, situated on the western side of the Narrows at the entrance of New York harbor. colonnaded inclosure. Between the temple of Trajan and the Basilica Ulpia rises the column of Trajan, beneath which was the emperor's mausoleum. To create an area for this lavish monumental display, Trajan cut away a large ridge of tufa which extended from the Capitoline to the Quirinal. The forum proper was a large rectangle surrounded by columns - a double range on the sides, and a single range toward the Forum of August us and the Basilica Ulpia. From each side, behind the porticos, projected a large hemicycle with booths or offices in several stories. Trajan's forum was entered from that of August us by a splendid triumphal arch, many of whose sculptures now adorn the arch of Const an tine. The forum was adorned with numbers of statues in bronze and marble, and all its buildings were roofed with gilt bronze. one of the defenses of Charleston. It was reduced by the Federals under Gill more, Sept. 6, 1863. Fort Wayne (fort wān). A city and the capital of Allen County, Indiana, situated at the head of the Maumee River, in lat. 41° 4′ Ν., long. 85° 4′ W. It is a leading railway, manufacturing, and busine center of northern Indiana United States fort was by General Wayne in 1794. Population (1890), 35,393. Fort William. 1. A place in Inverne -shire, Scotland, near the head of Loch Eil and the foot of Ben Nevis, and the entrance to the Caledonian Canal. At one time it was regarded as the key of the Highlands. It was unsucce fully attacked by the Highlanders in 1746. 2. The fortre of Calcutta. Fort William Henry. A fort in the modern town of Caldwell, at the head of Lake George, New York. It was surrendered by the English to the French and Indians under Montcalm in Aug., 1757. Fort Winthrop. A fort on Governor's Island: one of the defenses of Boston harbor. Fort Worth. A city and the capital of Tarrant County, Texas, in lat. 32° 47′ N., long. 97° 14′ W. It has manufactures of flour, etc., and is an important center for stock. Population (1890), 23,076, Forty Thieves, The. 1. One of the tales of the "Arabian Nights' Entertainments." See Baba , Ali .-2. A play by George Colman the younger, produced in 1805. Forum Boarium (fō'rum bō-ā'ri-um). [L.] The early cattle-market of ancient Rome. It was bounded on the north by the area called the Velabrum, on the east by the Palatine, on the south by the Aventine at the extremity of the Circus Maximus, and on the west by the Tiber. It is said that at an early date gladiatorial shows were given here, and that human sacrifices were made by burial alive. Upon this forum fronts the temple of Fors For tuna (so-called For tuna Virilis), and in it stands the circular monument long popularly called the temple of Vesta. A number of other important temples stood on it in antiquity, among them that of Ceres, whose remains are incorporated in Santa Maria in Cosmedin. The Forum Forum Julium (fo'rum jöʻli-um). [L.) The earliest of the imperial fora of ancient Rome, designed to relieve the crowding of the Forum Romanum. It was begun by Julius Cæsar, and practically adjoined the northern side of the Forum Romanum at its eastern end. It was surrounded with porticos, and its central area was occupied by a richly adorned perip teral temple of Venus Genitrix. Some finely arcaded and vaulted chambers of the inclosure exist near the southwest angle: they were probably offices for legal busine . Forum of August us. The second of the imperial fora of ancient Rome. It adjoined the northeast side of the Forum Julium, and was very large, rectangular in plan except that a corner was cut off at the southeast, and that a semicircular exedra indented each long side. It was inclosed by very ma ive walls nearly 100 feet high, and surrounded by porticos splendidly adorned with marble statues and incrustation. Toward the northeastern end of the central area rose the temple of Mars Ultor, colonnaded on three sides, and having an apse at the back. The existing remains include very impre ive stretches of the inclosing wall, one of the entrance-arches, now called Arco de ' Pantani , and some columns and walls of the temple. Forum of Nerva. The fourth of the imperial fora of ancient Rome, a long narrow area between the Forum of Vespas i an and the Forum of Augus tus. It was also called Forum Transitorium because an important thoroughfare from the northeast pa ed through it to the Forum Romanum, and Forum Palladium from the temple of Minerva which it contained. Temple and forum were dedicated by Nerva in 97 A. D. The temple was hexastyle prostyle, with columns on the flanks and an apse at the back. Part of the cella wall toward the apse remains in place, together with two Corinthian columns of marble of the interior range of the forum, with richly ornamented entablatures, returned to the wall behind the columns. Over the entablature there is an attic on which is an effective sculptured relief of Minerva. The temple remained almost perfect until 1606, when Paul V. destroyed it to use its marbles in the Chapel of St. Paul in Santa Maria Maggiore. Forum of Trajan. The largest and the furthest north of the imperial fora of ancient Rome, adjoining the northwest side of the Forum of August us, and lying between the northeastern declivity of the Capitoline Hill and the Quirinal. It consisted of three parts: the forum proper, the huge Basilica Ulpia, and the temple of Trajan, with its cere. [L., 'vegetable-market.'] The vegetable-market of ancient Rome. It occupied the southern extremity of the Campus Martius, beneath the Capitoline Hill, stretching into the Velabrum, and separated from the Forum Boarium only by the Servian Wall. In the Forum Olitorium stood three temples side by side, two of which are identified as the temples of Spes and Juno Sospita, whose remains are built into the Church of San Niccolò in Car Forum Pacis (fō'rum pā'sis) ('Forum of Peace'), or Forum of Vespas i an. The third of the imperial fora of ancient Rome. It was the furthest south of the imperial fora, and lay behind the Basilica Æmilia, which fronted on the Forum Romanum. It was built to inclose the temple of Peace which was dedicated by Vespas i an in 75 A. D. in honor of the taking of Jerusalem, and is described by Pliny as one of the four finest buildings of Rome. In it were dedicated the spoils of the Jewish temple, represented on the arch of Titus; and here too Vespas i an placed the works of art taken by Nero from Delphi and other Greek cities. A ma ive stretch of the exterior wall of this forum still stands, near the western end of the basilica of Const an tine, with a fine flat-arched doorway of travertine. Forum Romanum (forum rộ-ma'num). The Romanorum which from the time of the kings formed the political center of ancient Rome. Beginning in a hollow on the eastern slope of the Capitoline Hill, its long and comparatively narrow area stretched in a direction south of east beneath the northern declivity of the Palatine. Its western end was occupied by the tabularium, or office of the archives, in front of which stood the temples of Concord and of Vespas i an. On its southern side were the temple of Saturn, the Basilica Julia, the temples of Castor and Pollux and of Vesta, and on its northern side the arch of Septimius Severus, the Curia, the Basilica Æmilia, and the temples of Ant on in us and Faustina and of Romulus. In the middle of the eastern part rose the temple and rostra of Julius Cæ sar. The more ancient and famous rostra from which Cicero spoke were at the western end. The remains of all these buildings are considerable, and the area has been excavated and restored as far as po ible to its ancient aspect. Forward (for'wärd), Walter. Born in Connecticut, 1786: died at Pittsburg, Pa., Nov. 24, 1852. An American politician, secretary of the treasury 1841-43. Forward, Marshal. See Marshal Forward . Forza del Destino (for'tsä del des-te'nō), La. [It., The Force of Destiny.'] An opera by Verdi, first produced at St. Petersburg in 1862. Fosbroke (fos'bruk), Thomas Dudley. Born at London, May 27, 1770: died at Walford, Here ford shire, Jan. 1, 1842. An English antiquary. His chief works are "British Monachism" (1802) and "Encyclopædia of Antiquities" (1824). Foscari (fos'kä-re), Francesco. Died 1457. Doge of Venice 1423-57. He began in 1426 a war against Filippo Maria Visconti, duke of Milan, which resulted in the acquisition of Brescia, Bergamo, and Cremona in 1427. A second war, which lasted from 1431 to 1433, fixed the Adda as the boundary of the Venetian dominion. A war against Bologna, Milan, and Mantua, in which he was supported by Francisco Sforza and Cosmo de' Medici, resulted in 1441 in the conquest of Lonato, Velaggio, and Peschiera. The close of his reign was troubled by the machinations of his rival Giacopo Loredano. He was compelled to abdicate, after having sustained the lo of his only surviving son, Giacopo, who died in exile as the result of the tortures inflicted on him by the Council of the Ten. He formed with his son the subject of Byron's tragedy "The Two Foscari." Foster, John Wells vant and former soldier of Worthing tor. He is modeled on Sterne's Corporal Trim. Fo , Edward. Born at London, Oct. 16, 1787: died July 27, 1870. An English lawyer. He was a solicitor in London until 1840, when he retired from practice in order to devote himself to literature. He wrote "The Judges of England" (1848-64), "Biograph i a Juridic a: a Biographical Dictionary of the Judges of England from the Conquest to the Present Time, 1066-1870" (1870), etc. Fo alta (fos-äl'tä), Battle of. A battle fought at Fo alta, near Bologna, central Italy, May 26, 1249, between Enzio, titular king of Sardinia, and the Bolognese, in which the former was defeated and captured. Fo ano (fos-sä'no). A town in the province of Cuneo, Italy, situated on the Stura 35 miles south of Turin. It is the seat of a bishopric. The Austrians defeated the French near this place Nov. 4 and 5, 1799. Fo ano, Ambrogio da, called Il Borgognone. Died after 1524. A Lombard painter. Fo e-way (fos'wa), or The Fo e (fos). An ancient Roman road in England, running from Bath through Cirencester and Leicester to Lincoln. Fo ombrone (fos-som-brō'ne). A town in the province of Pesaro, Italy, situated on the Metauro in lat. 43° 42′ N., long. 12° 48′ E.: the ancient Forum Sempronii. It has silk manufactures. Foster (fos'ter or fos'ter), Anthony. In Sir Walter Scott's novel "Kenilworth," a sullen hypocrite, the warder of Amy Robsart at Cumnor Place. Overcome by his love for gold, he a ists in her murder. He accidentally shuts himself in a cell with a spring-lock, and perishes with his ill-gotten gold. Foster, Birket. Born at North Shields, England, Feb. 4, 1825: died 1893. An English draftsman and aquarellist. He illustrated Long fellow's "Evangeline," and also the works of other English and American poets. Foster, Charles. Born near Tiffin, Ohio, April 12,1828. An American politician. He was Republican member of Congre from Ohio 1871-79; was governor of Ohio 1880-84; and was secretary of the United States treasury 1891-93 under President Harrison. Foster, Henry. Born Aug., 1796: died Feb. 5, 1831. An English navigator. He entered the navy in 1812; was promoted lieutenant in 1824; and accompanied Sir Edward Parry's exploring expeditions of 1824-25 and 1827. With Parry and others he made magnetic and other observations, which were published in the "Philosophical Transactions" for 1826. He sailed from Spithead April 27, 1828, in command of the Chanticleer, a sloop sent out by the government to the South Seas to determine the ellipticity of the earth by pendulum experiments, and to make observations on magnetism, meteorology, and the direction of the principal ocean currents. During this expedition he was drowned in the river Chagres. He left a number of papers, which form an appendix to the "Narrative of a Voyage to the Southern Atlantic Ocean, in the years 1828, 29, 30, performed in H. M. sloop Chanticleer, under the command of the late Captain Henry Foster, F. R. S., etc. From the private journal of W. H. B. Webster, surgeon of the sloop" (1834). Foster, John, Baron Oriel. Born Sept., 1740: died at Collon, County Louth, Ireland, Aug. 23, 1828. The last speaker of the Irish House of Commons. He was the eldest son of Anthony Foster of Collon, Louth, lord chief baron of the exchequer in Ire land entered the Irish Parliament in 1761 was called to the Irish bar in 1766; and was chancellor of the exchequer in Ireland 1784-85, when he was elected speaker of the House of Commons, a place to which he was reelected in 1790 and in 1798. On June 7, 1800, he put the final question from the chair on the third reading of the bill for the legislative union of Ireland with Great Britain. Although an anti-unionist, he obtained a seat in the united Parliament; was chancellor of the exchequer in Ireland 18041806 and 1807-11; and was created Baron Oriel of Ferrard in the county of Louth in 1821. Foster, John. Born Sept. 17, 1770: died Oct. 15, 1843. An English e ayist. He was a Baptist preacher from 1792 to 1806, when he retired from the ministry to devote himself wholly to literature. His chief works are "E ays" (1805) and "On the Evils of Popular to the "Eclectic Review," and a selection from these was published separately in 1844. Foscarini (fos-kä-rēnē), Marco. Born at Ven- Ignorance" (1820). He contributed a great many articles ice, Jan. 30, 1696: died there, March 30, 1763. Doge of Venice 1762-63. He wrote "Dellalette- ratura Veneziana" (1752). Foscarini, Michele. Born at Venice, March 29, 1632: died at Venice, May 31,1692. A Venetian historian, appointed governor of Corfu Sept. 1, 1664, and historiographer of Venice in 1678. He wrote "Istoria dell a republic a Veneta" (1696), etc. Fosco (fos'kō), Count. In Wilkie Collins's novel "The Woman in White," a fat, insidious, and agreeable villain. Foscolo (fos'kō-lō), Niccolo Ugo. Born in the island of Zante, Jan. 26, 1778: died at Turnham Green, near London, Oct. 10, 1827. An Italian poet and littérateur. He wrote "Ultime lettere di Jacopo Ortis" (a romance, 1797), “I sepolcri” (lyric, 1807), etc. Fo (fos), Corporal. In "The Poor Gentleman," by George Colman the younger, the faithful ser Foster, John Gray. Born at White field, N. H., May 27, 1823: died at Nashua, N. H., Sept. 2, 1874. An American engineer and general. He Foster, John Wells graduated at West Point in 1846; became captain in 1860; was one of the garrison at Fort Sumter when it was bom barded by the Confederates in April, 1861; commanded a brigade under General Burnside at Roanoke Island in Feb., and at Newbern in March, 1862; and commanded in various departments during the remainder of the war. He was brevetted major-general at the close of the war (1865), and was subsequently employed as superintending engineer of various river and harbor improvements. Foster, John Wells. Born at Brim field, Ma ., March 4, 1815: died at Chicago, June 29, 1873. An American geologist. He was admitted to the bar in Ohio in 1835, but shortly abandoned the practice of law in order to devote himself to geology and civil engineering. Between 1845 and 1849 he was connected with a geological survey of the Lake Superior region, executed under the direction of the United States government. Among his works are "The Mi i ippi Valley: Its Physical Geog raphy, including Sketches of the Topography, Botany, and Mineral Resources, etc." (1869), and "Prehistoric Races of the United States of America" (1873). Foster, Sir Michael. Born at Marl borough, Wilts hire, Dec. 16, 1689: died Nov. 7, 1763. An English jurist. He was called to the bar at the Middle Temple in 1713; was chosen recorder of Bristol in 1735; was appointed sergeant-at-law in 1736; and became buisne Fould (föld), Achille. Born at Paris, Nov. 17, 1800: died at Tarbes, France, Oct. 5, 1867. A French financier and statesman. He was minister of finance 1849-52, minister of state 1852-60, and minister of finance 1861-67. Foulis (foulz), Andrew (originally Faulls). Born at Glasgow, Nov. 23, 1712: died Sept. 18, 1775. A Scottish printer, brother of Robert judge King's Bench was knighted in 1745. Не wrote "An Examination of the Scheme of Church Power Foulis. laid down in the Codex Juris Ecclesiastic i Anglicani, etc." (1735), etc. Foulis, Robert. Born at Glasgow, April 20, 1707: died at Edinburgh, June 2, 1776. A Scottish printer, noted for his editions of Horace, Foster, Randolph Sinks. Born at Williams- burg, Ohio, Feb. 22, 1820. An American clergy- Homer, Hero dot us, and other cla ics. man. He became a minister in the Methodist Episcopal Foul Foul ul Play. A novel by Charles Reade, drama- Church in 1837; was elected a bishop in 1872; and was president of the Northwestern University, Evanston, Ill., "Ministry for the Times" (1855), "Studies in Theology (1886), etc. Foster, Silas. In Hawthorne's "Blithe dale Romance," a hard-headed New England far mer. He is a contrast to the sensitive and transcendental natures of the other actors in what proves to be the tragedy of Zenobia. miral John Byron from his poor fortune at sea. Benedict. Founder of Peace. A name given to St. Foundling, The. A play by Edward Moore, produced in 1748.