So (sō)

See Sabaco. Hoshea, as we know, was encouraged by the hope of support from So (Sewe), king of Egypt (2 Kings xvii. 4), and this monarch, the Sebech [Sabe] of the A yrian monu ments, was in fact concerned with the whole movement that threatened the A yrian supremacy in the districts west of the Euphrates. W. R. Smith , Prophets of Israel, p. 279. Soa (sō'ä). A small island of the He brides, Scotland, south of Skye. Soane (son), Sir John. Born at Reading, Sept. 10, 1753: died at London, Jan. 20, 1837. An English architect. The Bank of England was built from his designs. He founded, by will, the Soane Museum at No. 13 Lincoln's Inn Fields, his residence. Soar (sor). A small river in England, principally in Leicestershire. It joins the Trent 8 miles southeast of Derby. Sobat (so-bat'). A large right-hand tributary of the White Nile, which it joins about lat. 9o 20′ N. Its sources are unknown. Length, estimated, 600-700 miles. Sobieski. See John III . , King of Poland. Sobraon (sō-brä-on'). A small place in the Panjab, British India, situated on the Sutlej 45 miles southeast of Lahore. Here, Feb. 10, 1846, the British army under Sir Hugh Gough de feated the Sikhs. Sobrarbe (sō-brärbā). A former independent state and later countship in Spain, now comprised in the northern part of the province of Huesca, Aragon. Social War, or Marsic War. A war (90-88 B. C.) between Rome and the greater part of her Italian allies in central and southern Italy, including the Marsi, Peligni, Samnites, and Luca nians. It was caused by the refusal on the part of the Romans to extend the privileges of Roman citizenship. The Italians formed a new republic with its capital at Corfinium. The chief Roman commanders were Marius and Sulla. Rome made many conce ions and suppre ed the rebellion. Social Wars. In Greek history: ( a ) A war (357 (3581)-355 в. с.) in which Athens was defeated by her former allies Byzantium, Chios, Cos, and Rhodes. (b) A war between the Achæan and Ætolian leagues (220-217 в. с.). Society and Solitude. A collection of e ays by Ralph Waldo Emerson, published in 1870. Society (sō-si'e-ti) Islands, or Tahiti (tä-he'tē) Archipelago. [F. Archipel de Taïti , or Archi pel de la Société .] A large group of islands in the South Pacific Ocean, about lat. 16°-18° S., long. 148°-155° W. It comprises two subgroups, the Leeward and the Windward. The chief islands are Tahiti, Raiatea, Borabora, Meetia, and Eimeo. They export cocoanuts, oranges, cotton, mother-of-pearl, etc. The capital is Papeete. The inhabitants are natives (nominally Christian i zed), French, and others. The islands were visited (probably) by the Spanish navigator Pedro Fernandez de Quiros in 1607, and in the 18th century by Bougainville, Cook, the mutineers of the Bounty, and others. Sofonisba analysis of philosophical and ethical ideas ("the Socratic method"). He was above all a searcher after a knowledge of virtue (which indeed he identified with knowledge), and was in himself the noblest exponent of the ethical life of the Greeks. He served at Potidea (431), Delium (424), and A mph i polis (422); was president of the prytanes in 406; and opposed the Thirty Tyrants. He is the chief character in the dialogues of Plato, in which his teachings are set forth (greatly modified by Plato's own views), and is the subject of the "Memorabilia" of Xenophon. His most famous pupils were Plato, Xenophon, and Alcibiades. He was bitterly attacked by Aris toph anes as a sophist and innovator, and drew upon himself by his mode of life and the character of his opinions the enmity of many others. In 399 he was accused of impiety (the introduction of new gods) and of corrupting the youth; defended himself in a famous speech which enraged rather than conciliated his judges; was condemned; and drank hemlock in his prison, surrounded by his disciples. Petit-Thouars, and Tahiti, Eimeo, and other islands were made a French colony in 1880. Area, 660 square miles. Population of Tahiti, 9,600. Society of Friends. The proper designation of a Christian sect commonly called Quakers, which took its rise in England about the middle of the 17th century through the preaching of George Fox. A division occurred in portions of the Society in America in 1827, through the preaching of Elias Hicks, whose followers, commonly called Hick sites , hold doctrinal views closely approximating those of the Unitarians, while in church government and other respects they retain the usages of the orthodox Friends. The latter agree doctrinally with other evangelical Christians, but lay greater stre on the doctrine of the personal presence minister, and guidance and accept of the the Holy ordinances Spirit of of They baptism have and no paid the Lord's Supper in a spiritual sense only, rejecting their outward observance as church rites. They condemn all oath-taking and all war. The organization of the society involves four periodical gatherings called "meetings": namely, preparative meeting, monthly meeting, quarterly meeting, and yearly meeting. The body called the Yearly Meeting has legislative power. There are two Yearly Meetings in Great Britain, one in Canada, and ten in the United States. Socinians (so-sin'i-anz). Those who hold to the doctrines of the Italian theologians Lælius Socinus (1525-62) and Faustus Socinus (15391604) and their followers. The term Soc in i an ism is in theological usage a general one, and includes a considerable variety of opinion. The Socinians believe that Christ was a man miraculously conceived and divinely endowed, and therefore entitled to honor and reverence, but not to divine worship; that the object of his death was to perfect and complete his example and to prepare the way for his resurrection, the nece ary historical basis of Christianity; that baptism is a declarative rite merely, and the Lord's Supper merely commemorative; that divine grace is general and exerted through the means of grace, not special and personally efficacious; that the Holy Spirit is not a distinct person, but the divine energy; that the authority of Scripture is subordinate to that of the reason; that the soul is pure by nature, though contaminated by evil example and teaching from a very early age; and that salvation consists in accepting Christ's teaching and following his example. The Socinians thus occupy theologically a position midway between the Ari ans, who maintain the divinity of Jesus Christ, but deny that he is coequal with the Father, and the Humanitarians, who deny his supernatural character altogether. Socinus (so-sinus), Faustus, Latinized from Fausto Sozzini. Born at Siena, Italy, 1539: died near Cracow, March, 1604. An Italian Unitarian theologian, nephew of Lælius Socinus. He lived in Italy and Basel; visited Transylvania 1578-79; and resided in Poland after 1579. Among his works are "De Jesu Chris to Servatore," "De auctoritate S. Scripturæ." Italy, Socinus, Lælius, Latinized from Lelio Sozzini (or Sozini or Soccini). Born at Siena, Italy, 1525: died at Zurich, 1562. An Italian Protestant thinker, an antitrinitarian. See Socinians . Soconusco (sō-kō-nös'kō). A department which forms the southern part of the state of Chiapas, Mexico, bordering on the Pacific. It was conquered by Alvarado in 1524, and formed a part of Guatemala until 1825. The aboriginal inhabitants (So conus cans) were perhaps of Chiapanec stock, but had submitted to the Aztecs before the Spanish conquest. The region is said to have been very populous. Socotra (sō-kō'trä or sok'o-trä), or Socotora (sok'ō-to-rä), or Sokotra (sō-kō'trä or sok'oträ). An island in the Indian Ocean, east of Cape Guardafui and south of Arabia, in lat. (of Tamarida) 12° 39′ N., long. 53° 59′ E.: the ancient Dioscorides. The surface is generally mountainous; the chief products are aloes and dragon's-blood. Its principal place is Tamarida. The inhabitants were formerly Nestor i an Christians. Socotra was occupied by the Portuguese in the 16th century, and was annexed by Great Britain in 1886. Length, 71 miles. Area, 1,382 square miles. Population, 10,000. So crates (sok'ra-tez). [Gr. Σωκράτης .] Born at Athens about 470 B. c.: died there, 399. A famous Greek philosopher. He was the son of Sophroniscus, a sculptor, and of Phænarete, a midwife. He at first adopted his father's art: in the time of Pausanias a group of draped Graces, by him, still stood on the approach to the Acropolis. He soon, however, devoted himself entirely to the pursuit of philosophy, and became famous through the persistency and skill with which, in conversation with the sophists and with every one who would yield himself to the dialogue, he conducted the 440 A. D. A Greek church historian. His ecclesiastical history was edited by Migne and by Hu ey (1853: English translation by Hanmer 1619). Soden (zō'den). The name of several watering-places in Germany. The most notable one is in the province of He e-Na au, Pru ia, 9 miles west northwest of Frankfort-on-the-Main. It has mineral springs. Söderköping (sè'der-che-ping). A small town in the laen of Linköping, Sweden, 86 miles southwest of Stockholm. It was of great importance in the middle ages. Söderm an land (sé'der-män-länt). A laen in eastern Sweden, southwest of Stockholm. Also called Nyköping. Area, 2,631 square miles. Population (1893), estimated, 158,051. Södermann (se ́der-män), August Johann. Born at Stockholm, July 17, 1832: died there, Feb. 10, 1876. A Swedish composer, author of the "Bröllops-March." Sodo Lake (sōdōlāk). A lake in the northwestern part of Louisiana, near Shreveport: connected with Caddo Lake. Sodom (sod'om). In scriptural geography, one of the cities of the Vale of Siddim (which see), destroyed on account of its wickedne in the time of Abraham and Lot. According to tradition its site is covered by the Dead Sea: but this is not geclogically po ible. Sodoma (sō-dō'mä), or Sodona (sō-dō'nä), Il (properly Giannantonio or Giovanni Antonio Bazzi, corrupted to Razzi). Born at Vercelli, Italy, 1477: died at Siena, Italy, 1549. An Italian painter. Among his best works are "St.. Catherine," "Christ Scourged," "Deposition from the Cro " (all in Siena), etc. Sodor and Man (so'dor and man). A medieval diocese, comprising the He brides (Sodor, from a Scand in avian name) and the Isle of Man. The diocese now consists of the Isle of Man. The bishop has a seat in the House of Lords, but no vote. Sodus (sō'dus) Bay, Great and Little. Two indentations of the coast of Lake Ontario, southwest of Oswego, New York. Soest (zōst). A town in the province of Westphalia, Pru ia, 34 miles southeast of Münster. It has manufactures of iron, soap, beer, etc.; and contains several notable churches, including St. Mary-in-the Fields, the cathedral, and St. Peter's. It was an ancient Hanseatic city, and in the middle ages was one of the chief places of northern Germany. Its municipal code was celebrated. Soest was unsucce fully besieged by the army of Cologne in 1444, and pa ed from Cologne to Cleves in 1449. Population (1890), commune, 15,071. Soester Fehde (zōs'ter fa'de). ['Feud of Soest.'] A war between Cologne and Cleves 1444-49, caused by a dispute over the po e ion of Soest (which see). Sofala (sō-fälä). 1. A district in Mozambique, eastern Africa, extending along the coast from the Zambesi to Delagoa Bay. It has by some been identified with the biblical Ophir. - 2. A seaport, the chief place in the district of Sofala, situated at the mouth of Sofala River, in lat. 20° 11′ S., long. 34° 36′ E.: formerly a flourishing commercial place. It was taken by the Portuguese in 1505. Population, 1,000-2,000. Sofala Bay. An indentation in the coast-line of castern Africa, near Sofala. Sofi (sō'fi). See Mittu . Sofia, or Sophia (so-fe'ä). The capital of Bul- gari a, situated in lat. 42° 38′ N., long. 23° 15′ E.: the ancient Serdica or Sardica. It was called Triaditza by the Byzantine Greeks. It was plundered by the Huns; was captured by the Bulgarians in 809; was taken by the Turks about 1382; was occupied temporarily by the Hungarians in 1443; and was taken by the Ru ians in Jan., 1878. It has been greatly developed and modernized within the last few years. Population (1887), 30,428. Sofonisba (so-fon-ēs'bä). 1. A tragedy by Galeotto del Carretto, acted in 1502: the first Italian tragedy.-2. A tragedy by Tri ino, written about 1515, printed 1529: the first Italian tragedy of note.-3. A tragedy by Alfieri, produced in 1783. See Soph on isba . Soga Soga (sõ'gä), or Wasoga (wä-so'gä). A Bantu tribe of British East Africa, on the northern shore of Lake Victoria, where the Nile separates them from the Bag and a. Though nominally subject to Unyoro, they are practically under Ganda rule. The country is called Usoga . Population estimated at 500,000 Sogdiana (sog-di-a'nä), or Sogdiane (sog-di-a' ne). [Gr. ή Σογδιανή.] In ancient geography, a large region in central Asia, lying north of Bactriana, between the Oxus and Jaxartes, in the vicinity of Bokhara and Sam ark and. It was invaded by Alexander the Great. Sogne Fjord (sog'ne fyôrd). The longest fiord in Norway, situated on the western coast about lat. 61° N.: noted for its wild scenery. In its upper part it is bounded by high mountains (6,000 feet) and gla ciers. Length, 112 miles. Soham (số hạm). A town in Cambridge shire, England, 14 miles northeast of Cambridge. Sohar (so-här'). A seaport in Oman, Arabia, situated on the Gulf of Oman in lat. 24° 22′ N., long. 56° 45′ E. It was a flourishing commer cial city in the middle ages. Population, 5,000(?).