SYNDĬCUS

( σύνδικος ), an advocate , is frequently used as synonymous with the word synegorus ( συνήγορος ), to denote any one who pleads the cause of another, whether in a court of justice or elsewhere, but was peculiarly applied to those orators who were sent by the state to plead the cause of their countrymen before a foreign tribunal. Aeschines, for example, was appointed to plead before the Amphictyonic council on the subject of the Delian temple; but a certain discovery having been made, not very creditable to his patriotism, the court of Arciopagus took upon themselves to remove him, and appoint Hype rides in his stead. There were other syndic i , who acted rather as magistrates or judges than as advocates, though they probably derived their name from the circumstance of their being appointed to protect the interests of the state. These were extraordinary functionaries, created from time to time to exercise a jurisdiction in disputes concerning confiscated property. SỸNĔDRI ( σύνεδροι ), a name given to the members of any council, or any body of men who sat together to consult or deliberate. The congre of Greeks at Salamis is called συνέδριον . Frequent reference is made to the general a embly of the Greeks, τὸ κοινὸν τῶν Ἑλλήνων συνέδριον , at Corinth, Thermopylae, or elsewhere. The congre of the states belonging to the new A then i an alliance, formed after B.C. 377, was called συνέδριον , and the deputies σύνεδροι , and the sums furnished by the allies συντάξεις , in order to avoid the old and hateful name of φόρος or tribute. The name of συνέδριον was given at Athens to any magisterial or official body, as to the court of Areiopagus, or to the place where they transacted busine , their board or council-room. SỸNĒGŎRUS ( συνήγορος ). In causes of importance, wherein the state was materially interested, more especially in those which were brought before the court upon an εἰσαγγελία , it was usual to appoint public advocates (called συνήγοροι , σύνδικοι , or κατήγοροι ) to manage the prosecution. In ordinary cases however the accuser or prosecutor ( κατήγορος ) was a distinct person from the συνήγορος , who acted only as auxiliary to him. It might be, indeed, that the συνήγορος performed the most important part at the trial, or it might be that he performed a subordinate part, making only a short speech in support of the prosecution, which was called ἐπίλογος . But however this might be, he was in point of law an auxiliary only, and was neither entitled to a share of the reward (if any) given by the law to a succe ful accuser, nor liable, on the other hand, to a penalty of a you sand drachms, or the ἀτιμία consequent upon a failure to get a fifth part of the votes. The fee of a drachm ( τὸ συνηγορικόν ) mentioned by Aris toph anes was probably the sum paid to the public advocate whenever he was employed on behalf of the state. There appears to have been (at least at one period) a regular appointment of συνήγοροι , ten in number. For what purpose they were appointed, is a matter about which we have no certain information: but it is not unreasonable to suppose that these ten συνήγοροι were no other than the public advocates who were employed to conduct state prosecutions.