Etty, Stothard, West all, and others, and were very popular

Watts, George Frederick. Born at London, 1820. An English historical, subject, and porRoyal Academy, and was elected royal academician in trait painter, and sculptor. He was a pupil of the 1868. His works include: cartoon, "Caractacus" (1843); colo al oil-paintings, "Echo" and "Alfred the Great (1847); frescos, "St. George and the Dragon" (Parliament House), "The School of Legislation" (dining-hall of Lincoln's Inn). Besides his portraits of Tennyson, Browning, William Morris, Stuart Mill, Dean Stanley, Swinburne, Matthew Arnold, Holman Hunt, Lord Lytton, Gladstone, and others, he has painted "Paolo and Francesca" (1848), "Fata Morgan a" (1848), "Life's Illusions" (1849), "Sir Galahad" (1862), "Love and Death" (1877), "Orpheus and Eurydice" (1879), "Love and Life" (1884), "Hope" (1886), "She shall be Called Woman" (1892), "Sic Transit" (1893), etc. Watts, Isaac. Born at Southampton, July 17, 1674: died at Theobalds, Herts, Nov. 25, 1748. An English nonconformist theologian, hymn writer, and author: pastor of an Independent church in London. He is best known from his sacred poems, "Horæ Lyricæ " (1706), "Hymns" (1707), "Psalms of David" (1719), "Psalms, Hymns, and Spiritual Songs in many editions), and Divine and Moral Songs for Chil dren" (1720). He also wrote "Logic" (1725), "Improvement of the Mind" (1741), catechisms, and philosophical and theological works. IMG:content-1016.png:[ocr errors] Watts, Thomas. Born at London, 1811: died there, Sept. 9, 1869. An English author, a istant librarian of the British Museum from 1837. He published a "Sketch of the His the Free Church, Logic almond, Perth shire; and since 1880 pastor of the English Presbyterian Church, Sefton Park, Liverpool. He has written "Beside the Bonnie Brier Bush" (1894), "The Days of Auld Lang Syne" (1895), "The Upper Room" (1896), "The Mind of the Master" (1896), "Kate Carnegie" (1896), etc. The University of St. An- drews conferred upon him the degree of Doctor of Divinity tory of the Welsh Language and Literature" in April, 1896. (1861). Wat . Watson, Richard. Born at Heversham, West- Watt's Dyke. See Offa's Dyke. more land, 1737: died 1816. An English prel- Wat Tyler's (wot tī'lèrz) Rebellion. See Tyler , ate, theological writer, and chemist: bishop of Llandaff (1782). He wrote an "Apology for Chris. tianity" (1776: in answer to Gibbon), "Apology for the Bible" (1796: in answer to Paine), tracts, an autobiog- raphy, etc. Watson, William. Born at Wharfed ale, York shire. A contemporary English poet. His poem "Words worth's Grave" drew attention to him in 1892, and in that year he received a civil pension of £200 rendered vacant by the death of Tennyson. His "Lachrymæ Musarum" was the finest ode written on the death of the latter. He had previously published "Love Lyrics," "The Prince's Quest," "Epigrams of Art, Life, and Nature"; and in 1893 he published "The Eloping Angels" and a volume of e ays, "Excursions in Criticism," "Odés and Other Poems "(1894). Watt (wot), James. Born at Greenock, Scot land, Jan. 19, 1736: died at Heath field, near Birmingham, Birmin m, Aug. 19, 1819. A famous British mechanician, inventor, and civil engineer. He 1755; became mathematical-instrument maker to the Uniwas apprenticed to an instrument-maker in London in versity of Glasgow in 1757; began experiments in improving the steam-engine about 1760; and invented the condensing steam-engine in 1765 and obtained a patent in 1769. Many other improvements were devised later and patented. He formed a partnership with Boulton in Biriningham and began the manufacture of steam-engines in 1775. Watt, Robert. Born at Stewart on, Ayrshire, May, 1774: died March 12, 1819. A Scottish physician and bibliographer. His "Bibliotheca Britannica" (4 volumes, published posthumously in 1824) is a compilation showing great industry and wide research, and is of great value as an index to literature. Watteau (vä-to'), Jean Antoine. Born at Valenciennes, France, Oct. 10, 1684: died at Nogent-sur-Marne, France, July 18,1721. A French genre-painter. He studied with Gillot in Paris in 1702, and later with Audran. He was unusually succe ful with subjects representing conventional shepherds and shep herde es, fêtes champêtres, rustic dances, etc. The style of female dre represented in many of them, consisting of what was known as a "sacque" with loose plaits hanging from the shoulders, is still known as the Watteau. Ten of his pictures are in the Louvre, and specimens are in all the principal galleries of Europe. Watter son (wot'er-son), Henry. Born at Washington, D. C., 1840. An American journalist, Democratic politician, and orator. He served on the Confederate side in the Civil War, and became noted as the editor of the Louisville "Courier-Journal," and as a prominent advocate of free trade. He was member of Congre from Kentucky 1876-77. Waukegan (wa-ke'gan). The capital of Lake County, Illinois, situated on Lake Michigan 35 miles north by west of Chicago. Population (1890), 4,915. Waukesha (wa'ke-sha). The capital of Waukesha County, Wisconsin, 18 miles west of Milwaukee. It is a watering-place. Population (1890), 6,321. Wausau (wa'sa). The capital of Marathon County, Wisconsin, situated on the Wisconsin River 130 miles north of Madison. Population (1890), 9,253. Waveney (wa've-ni). A river on the boundary between Norfolk and Suffolk, England, which joins the Yare near Yarmouth. Waverley (wa' ver-li), or 'Tis Sixty Years Since. A novel by Sir Walter Scott, the first of the "Waverley Novels," published in 1814. The scene is laid principally in Scotland during the Jacobite rebellion of 1745. Waverley Dramas. A series of eight dramas founded on the "Waverley Novels." They were produced at Edinburgh 1818-24: seven of them were pubWaverley Novels. The novels written by Sir Walter Scott: so named from "Waverley," the first of the series. They were published anonymously "by the author of Waverley" till 1827, when the author a" at a din disclosed the identity of the "Great Unknown" ner for the benefit of the Edinburgh theatrical fund. See Scott. Waver tree (wā'ver-tre). A township in Lancashire, England, 3 miles east of Liverpool. Population (1891), 13,764. Wavre (vävr). A town in the province of Brabant, Belgium, situated on the Dyle 15 miles southeast of Bru els. It was the scene of a battle, June 18, 1815, between the French under Grouchy and the Pru ians under Thielmann. Grouchy was checked and prevented from hindering Blücher's march to Waterloo, and from reaching the battle-field in time with his own force. Wawre (vä'vre). A village north of Warsaw, situated on the Vistula: the scene of Polish succe es over the Ru ians Feb. 19 and March 31, 1831. Way land (wa'land), Francis. Born at New York city, March 11, 1796: died at Providence, R. I., Sept. 30, 1865. An American Baptist elergyman, educator, and author. He graduated at Union College in 1813, and was president of Brown University 1827-55. His works include "Elements of Moral Science" (1835), "Elements of Political Economy" (1837), "Limitations of Human Responsibility" (1838), Thoughts on the Present Collegiate System in the United States" (1842), "Domestic Slavery Considered as a Scriptural Institution"(1845), "Memoir of Adoniram Jud- son (1853), "Elements of Intellectual Philosophy" (1854), "Notes on the Principles and Practices of Baptist Churches" (1857), etc. Webb (web), Alexander Stewart. Born at New York city, Feb. 15, 1835. An American general. He graduated at West Point in 1855; served in the Army of the Potomac; was distinguished at Gettys- burg, Bristow Station, Spottsylvania, and elsewhere; was profe or at West Point 1866-68; and has been president of the College of the City of New York from 1869. He has written "The Peninsula: McClellan's Campaign of 1862" (1882), etc. Weber (va'ber), Albrecht Fried rich. Born at Breslau, Pru ia, Feb. 17, 1825. A noted Ger- man Orientalist, profe or at Berlin from 1856. His chief works are "In disc he Studien" (17 vols. 1849-85), and an edition of the "White Yajurveda" (1849-59). Weber, Ernst He in rich. Born at Wittenberg, Pru ia, June 24, 1795: died at Leipsic, Jan. 26, 1878. A noted German physiologist and anatomist, profe or at Leipsic from 1818. His works include "An a tomia com par at a nervi sympathici" (1817), "De aure et auditu hominis et animalium" (1820), "An not at i ones anatomicæ et physio log ice" (1851), etc. Weber, Georg. Born Feb. 10, 1808: died Aug. 10, 1888. A German historian. His chief work is "All gem eine Weltgeschichte" ("Universal History," 15 vols. 1857-80). He also wrote "Geschichte der deutschen Litteratur" (many editions), etc. von. Born at Eutin, Germany, Dec. 18, 1786: died at London, June 5, 1826. A celebrated German composer: famous as the creator of romantic opera. He received his musical education from Heuschkel, Michael Haydn, Kalcher, and Vogler; was appointed kapellmeister at Breslau 1804-063; was private secretary to the Duke of Würtemberg at Stutt- gart 1807-10; lived in Mannheim, Darmstadt, and else- where; was appointed kapellmeister in Prague in 1818, and in Dresden in 1816; and visited London in 1826, where especially wood-engraving and lithography. His works he died. He had a lively interest in mechanical proce es, include the operas "Der Freischütz" (1821), "Euryanthe" (1823), "Oberon" (1826), "Silvan a" (1810), "Abu Ha an" (1811), fragments of "Das Waldmädchen" (1800), "Rübe- zahl," etc.; music to "Preciosa"; the cantata "Kampf und Sieg" (1815); overtures, concertos, variations, and especially "Lieder." Weber, Wilhelm Eduard. Born at Witten- berg, Pru ia, Oct. 24, 1804: died at Göttingen, June 23, 1891. A distinguished German phys i- cist, brother of Ernst He in rich Weber: profe or at Göttingen from 1831 (with the exception of the years 1837-49): especially noted for his re- searches in magnetism and electricity. He was one of the se seven liberal profe ors excluded from Got- tingen in 1837. He was a ociated with his brother in his work on wave-theory, "Wellenlehre" (1825), with Gau in "Result ate aus den Beobachtungen magnet is chen Vereins 1836-41" and "Atlas des Erdmagnetismus" (1840). Weber (we'ber) Cañon. A deep cañon of the Weber River, noted for its scenery. It is trav- ersed by the Union Pacific Railroad. Weber River. A small river in northern Utah, a tributary to Great Salt Lake. Webster (web's ter), Daniel. Born at Salis- bury (Franklin), N. H., Jan. 18, 1782: died at Marsh field, Ma ., Oct. 24, 1852. A famous American statesman, orator, and lawyer. He studied at Exeter Academy and Boscawen, New Hampshire; graduated at Dart mouth College in 1801; was admitted to the bar at Boston in 1805; practised law at Boscawen and Ports- Federalist member of Congre from New Hampshire 1813-17; and removed to Boston in 1816. He acquired a national reputation as a lawyer in the Dart- mouth College case in 1818; was member of Congre from Ma achusetts 1823-27; was Whig United States senator from Ma achusetts 1827-41; became famous for his con- IMG:content-1017.png:[blocks in formation] English Language" (1789), "A Compendious Dictionary of the English Language" (1806), and "A Grammar of the English Language" (1807). He is best known from his large Dictionary of the English Language" (1828: ed. 1841). Among his other works are "Rights of Neutrals" (1802), "Collection of Papers on Political, Literary, and Moral Subjects" (1843), and a brief history of the United States (1823). Weckherlin(vek'er-len), Georg Rudolf. Born at Stuttgart, 1584: died about 1653. A German poet. He introduced the ode, sonnet, and other forms of verse into German literature. Weddahs. See Veddahs . Wedder burn (wed'er-bern), Alexander, first Earl of Ro lyn. Born in East Lothian, Feb. 13, 1733: died near Windsor, England, Jan. 2, 1805. A British politician and jurist. He became solici- tor-general in 1771, and attorney-general in 1778; and was chief justice of the Court of Common Pleas 1780-93, and lord chancellor 1793-1801. He was created Baron Lough- borough in 1780, and earl of Ro lyn in 1801. Wedgwood (wej wud), Josiah. Born at Burs- lem, England, July 12, 1730: died at Etruria, near Newcastle-under-Lyme, Jan. 3, 1795. A celebrated English potter, noted especially for his copies of cla ical vases and other antiqui- Wednesday Wednesday (wenz'dā). (wenz'da). [Lit. 'Woden's day.'] The fourth day of the week. Weed (wed), Thurlow. Born at Cairo, Greene County, N. Y., Nov. 15, 1797: died at New York city, Nov. 22, 1882. A noted American jour- nalist and politician. He was educated as a printer; served in the War of 1812; was editor of various papers in New York, including the "Agriculturist" (Norwich, N. Y.), "Onondaga County Republican," "Rochester Telegraph," and "Anti-Mason Enquirer"; became famous as editor of the Albany "Evening Journal" 1830-62, and as one of the leaders of the Whig and Republican parties; and was very influential in State and national politics 1824-76. He was instrumental in nominating Harrison in 1836 and 1840, published "Letters from Europe and the West Indies (1866), "Reminiscences" ("Atlantic Monthly," 1870), and an "Autobiography," completed by T. W. Barnes (1884). Weehawken (wē-ha'ken). A village in Hud- son County, New Jersey, north of Hoboken, opposite New York city. It was the scene of the duel between Burr and Hamilton in 1804. Weeping Philosopher, The. A name given to Her a clit us. stitutional speeches in reply to Hayne in 1830, and in op- position to Calhoun in 1833; opposed Jackson on the United States Bank question; received several electoral votes for President in 1836; and was an unsucce ful can- didate for the Whig nomination in later years. In 1839 he visited Europe. He was secretary of state 1841-43; ne- gotiated the Ash burton treaty with Great Britain 1842; Wega. See Vega . was United States senator from Ma achusetts 1845-50; Wegg (weg), Šilas. A wooden-legged seller opposed the Mexican war and the annexation of Texas; March speech" in 1850; was secretary of state 1850-52; and was again candidate for the Whig nomination for President in 1852. His chief public speeches (aside from those made in Congre and at the bar) are addre es delivered on the anniversary at Plymouth in 1820, on the laying of the corner- stone of Bunker Hill monument in 1825, on the deaths of Jefferson and Adams in 1826, on the dedication of Bunker Hill monument in 1843, and on the laying of the corner- stone of the addition to the Capitol in 1851. Webster, Fletcher. Born 1813: killed at the second battle of Bull Run, Aug. 30, 1862. The son of Daniel Webster. He was a colonel in Webster, John. Flourished in the first part of the 17th century (1602-24). An English dram- atist, noted for his tragedies. Little is known of his biography. He a isted Dekker, Drayton, Middle ton, and others in "Lady Jane" (1602) and "The Two Harpies" (1602). He published, with Dekker, "Northward Ho!" (1607), "Westward Ho!" (1607), and "The History of Sir Thomas Wyatt" (played in 1607). "The Weakest Goeth to the Wall" (1600) is attributed, without authority, to him. His finest plays are "The White Devil" (printed 1612) and "The Duche of Malfi" (printed 1623). He also wrote "The Devil's Law Case" (1623), "A City Pageant" (1624), and Wei-horoscriver in northwestern China which joins the Yellow River at the in- tersection of the provinces of Shensi, Shansi, and Honan. Length, about 500 miles. Weil (vil), Gustav. Born April 24, 1808: died Aug. 30, 1889. A German historian and Orien- talist, profe or at Heidelberg. He wrote "Mo- hammed" (1843), "Geschichte der Kalifen" ("History of the Califs," 1846-62), a translation of the "Arabian Nights," works on the Koran and Arabian literature, "Ge- schichte der islam it is chen Völker" (1866), etc. Weinsberg (vins'berg). A town in the Neckar circle, Würtemberg, 27 miles north by east of Stuttgart: formerly a free imperial city. A vic- tory was gained there by the emperor Conrad over Count Welf in 1140. In this battle, according to tradition, were for the first time used the war-cries "Hie Waiblingen!" "Hie Welf!" See Guelfs and Ghi bel lines . Population, 2,313, Weir (wer), Harrison William. Born at Lewes, England, May 5, 1824. An English engraver, illustrator, and sketcher of animals. He illustrates for the "Illustrated London News," the "British Work- man," "Chatterbox," "Black and White," etc., and has published, with his own illustrations, "Every Day in the Country" (1883), "Animal Stories" (1885), "Bird Stories" (1887), "Our Cats and All about Them" (1889). Weir, John Ferguson. Born at West Point, N. Y., Aug. 28, 28, 1841. An American subject and portrait-painter, son and pupil of R. W. Weir. He was made a national academician in 1866, and became director of the Yale School of Fine Arts in 1869. Among his works are "Christmas Bells," "Gun Foundry" (1867), "Forging the Shaft" (1868). Wei e (vis'se), Christian Hermann. Born at Leipsic, Aug. 10, 1801: died at Leipsic, Sept. 19, 1866. A German philosopher, profe or at Leipsic. He wrote "System der Ästhetik" (1830), and many other philosophical works. We is sen burg (vis's en-börg), or Kronweis- senburg (kron-vis's en - börg). [F. Wi em- Dalhousie on Ontario. Length, 27 bourg .] A town in Lower Alsace, Alsace-Lormiles. It was opened in 1833. raine, situated on the Lauter, near the fron- Well-Beloved, The. [F. Bien - Aimé .] A name tier of the Palatinate, 32 miles north by east given to Charles VI. of France, and also to of Strasburg. It was a free imperial city, and was for- Louis XV. merly fortified. It pa ed to France in 1697, and to Ger- many in 1871. A victory was gained there, Aug. 4, 1870, by the Germans under the Crown Prince of Pru ia over the French under Douay (who fell in the battle). This was the first important engagement in the Franco-German war. Population (1890), 5,846. We is sen burg, or Lauterburg (lou'ter-börg), Lines. Fortifications formerly extending from We is sen burg in Alsace to Lauterburg. They were taken by the Austrians under Wurmser in 1793; were re- taken by the French under Pichegru in 1793; and were de- stroyed in 1873. Wei enfels (vis's en-fels). A town in the prov- ince of Saxony, Pru ia, situated on the Saale 20 miles southwest of Leipsic. It has flourishing man- ufactures and trade. From 1657 to 1746 it was a residence of the dukes of Saxe-Wei enfels. Population (1890), 23,779. We is sen stein (vis's en-stin). A mountain of the Jura, in the canton of Solothurn, Switzer- land, near Solothurn: noted for its prospect. Height, 4,220 feet. We is shorn (vis'horn). [G., 'white town.] 1. A mountain in the Bernese Alps, on the bor- ders of the cantons of Bern and Valais, Swit- zerland, north of Sierre. Height, 9,882 feet. - 2. A peak of the Pennine Alps, in the canton of Valais, Switzerland, north of the Matter- horn. Height, 14,803 feet. We i n ich two (vis'nicht-vō). [G., (I) know not where.'] An imaginary city in Carlyle's "Sartor Resartus." We its pekan (wit's pek-an). A linguistic stock of North American Indians: also often called Yurok , from its leading division. Its territory was chiefly within the limits of Humboldt County, California; and it was in two divisions-the Yurok, inhabiting the Klamath River and the coast from near its mouth south- ward to Gold Bluff; and the Chilula, extending from the latter point southward. The principal tribes or villages are Mita, Pekwan, Rikwa, Sugon, and Weitspek. Weitzel (vit's el), Godfrey. Born at Cincin- nat i, Nov. 1, 1835: died at Philadelphia, March 19, 1884. An American general and military en- gineer. He graduated at West Point in 1855; was chief engineer in Butler's expedition to New Orleans in 1862, and a istant military commander and acting mayor there; gained the victory of Labadieville, Louisiana, Oct. 27, 1862; served before Port Hudson and in the Sabine Pa expe- dition; was chief engineer of the Army of the James in 1864, and corps commander; took part in the capture of Fort Harrison and in the first expedition against Fort Fisher; and was in command of the troops which occu pied Richmond April 3, 1865. He became major-general of volunteers in Nov., 1864, and brevet major-general in the regular army in March, 1865. Welcker (vel'ker), Fried rich Gottlieb. Born at Grünberg, He e, Nov. 4, 1784: died at Bonn, Dec. 17, 1868. A German cla ical archæologist and philologist, profe or at Bonn from 1819. Among his works are "Die aschylische Trilogie" (1824), "Die griechischen Tragödien mit Rücksicht auf den ep- Welde (weld), Thomas. Born in England about 1590: died 1662. An English clergyman. He emi- grated to New England and became minister in Roxbury. He wrote against the Antinomians, Familists, etc., and Weir, Robert Walter. Born at New Rochelle, was one of the authors of the "Bay Psalm-Book" (1640). N. Y., June 18, 1803: died at New York, May May He returned to England. loy Welf (velf). See Guelfs. IMG:content-1018.png:[merged small][ocr errors] Weishaupt (vis houpt), Adam. Born at Ingol- Nov. 18, 1830. A German author, founder of Eisleben, Germany, where in 1115 a battle oc- curred between the Saxons and the Imperialists. Welfs. A famous German princely house. From it are descended the Brunswick and Ha- nover lines. See Guelfs . Welhaven (vel'hä-ven), Johan Sebastian Cammermeyer. Born at Bergen, Dec. 20, 1807: he went to Christiania to study theology university; but or a literary career. His first important work was a long polemical poem, really a series of sonnets, entitled "Norges Domring" ("Norway's Twilight"), published in 1834. In 1840 he was made profe or of philosophy at the Christ i- ania University, a position which he held until 1867, when he was compelled to relinquish it on account of ill health. Between 1839 and 1859 appeared numerous lyrical poems. His pamphlet "Om Henrik Wergelands Digtekunst og Poe- sie" ("On Henrik Wergeland's Poetic Art and Poetry"), published in 1832, was a mercile attack upon the poet Wergeland. His collected writings were published at Well and (wel'and). 1. A river in England which separates in part North amp ton from Lei- and perfect a reality, neverthele , as anything in the Lon- don streets? Forster, Life of Dickens, ii. 1. Welles (welz), Gideon. Born at Glastonbury, Conn., July 1, 1802: died at Hartford, Conn., Feb. 11, 1878. An American politician. He was editor of the "Hartford Times" 1826-36, and a Democratic leader. From 1846 to 1849 he was chief of the bureau of pro- The Century Dictionary and Cyclopedia: The Century Cyclopedia of names Wellesley, Marquis of and in 1799 marquis. He was amba ador to Spain 18081809; foreigu secretary 1809-12; lord lieutenant of Ireland 1821-28 and 1833-34; and lord chamberlain in 1835. Wellesley College. An institution for the higher education of women, situated at Wellesley, Ma achusetts, 15 miles west by south of Boston. It was founded by H. F. Durant, and opened in 1875; is non-sectarian; has a library of about 46,000 volumes; and in 1896-97 had 74 instructors and 724 students. Wellesley Islands. A group of islands in the Gulf of Carpentaria, Australia, belonging to Queensland. The largest is Morning ton Island. Wellesley Province. An administrative division of the British colony of Straits Settlements, situated on the western side of the Malay Peninsula, about lat. 5° 20′ N. Well-Founded Doctor, The. [L. Doctor Fun dat is sim us.] A name given to Ægidius Ro manus of Colonna. Well hausen (vel'hou-zen), Julius. Born at Hameln, May 17, 1844. A distinguished German theologian and biblical critic, profe or succe ively at Greifswald (1872), Halle (1882), Marburg (1885), and Göttingen (1892). His works include "Text der Bücher Samuel is" (1871), "Die Pharisäer und Sadducäer" (1874), "Prolegomena zur Geschichte Israels" (1878-86), etc. Welling (wel'ing), James Clarke. Born at Trenton, N. J., July 14, 1825: died Sept. 5, 1894. An American editor and educator. He was editor of the Washington "National Intelligencer" in the Civil War period, and president of St. John's College, Anna polis, 1867-70. From 1871 he was president of Columbian University, Washington. Welling borough (wel'ing-bur-ō). A town in the county of North amp ton, England, situated near the union of the Ise and Nen, 10 miles east northeast of North amp ton. Population (1891), 15,068. Wellington (wel'ing-ton). An island near the western coast of Patagonia, about lat. 48°-50° S., belonging to Chile. Length, about 100 miles. Wellington. The capital of New Zealand and of Hutt County in the North Island, situated on Port Nicholson in lat. 41° 17′ S., long. 174° 47′ E. It has one of the finest harbors in the colony, and important trade. Population (1891), with suburbs, 32,224. Wellington. A town in the county of Somwen erset, England, 23 miles northeast of Exeter. From it the Duke of Wellington took his title. Population (1891), 6,808. Wellington, Duke of. See Wellesley , Arthur . Wellington, Mount. A mountain in Tasmania, near Hobart Town. Height, 4,170 feet. Wells (welz). A town in the county of Somerset, England, situated at the foot of the Mendip Hills, 17 miles southwest of Bath. It is the seat of a bishopric, now conjoined with that of Bath. The cat he dral is in the main of the first half of the 13th century, with square central tower and Lady chapel of the 14th. The plan shows square chevet and single transepts. The wide west front, flanked by two towers, is somewhat of the char acter of that of Salisbury in its superposed and monotonous tiers of arcading: it is more like cabinet-work than architecture, but the details are beautiful. The interior is impre ive in general effect, but is architecturally inorganic, having no vaulting-shafts in the nave. The western tran sept-piers, showing weakne , were buttre ed in 1338 by the insertion between them of a pair of ma ive arches, apex to apex-a curious device. The beautiful choir is separated from the nave by a Perpendicular screen, and its wall-spaces are arcaded. The Lady chapel is famous for lightne and beauty. The dimensions of the cathedral are 383 by 82 feet; the height of the vaulting, from 67 to 73. There is a beautiful octagonal chapter-house with central pillar, Perpendicular cloisters, and a picturesque 13thcentury bishop's palace. Population (1891), 4,822. Wells, David Ames. Born at Springfield, Ma ., June 17, 1828. A noted American economist. He graduated at Williams College and at the Law. rence Scientific School, Harvard, in 1851. In 1865-66 he was United States commi ioner of revenue; has served on other important commi ions; and has taken a leading part in financial and economic discu ions. He is an able advocate of freedom of trade. He has written "Science of Common Things" (1856), text-books on natural philosophy, geology, and chemistry, government reports, "Our Merchant Marine" (1882), "Primer of Tariff Reform" (1884) "Practical Economics" (1885), "Study of Mexico" (1886), "Relation of the Tariff to Wages" (1888), and various economic works. Wels (vels). A town in Upper Austria, situated on the Traun 15 miles southwest of Linz. Population (1890), 10,118. Welsch Tyrol. See Tyrol , Welsch . Welser (vel's er), Bar tho lome us. Died at Augsburg, 1559. A German banker. He was the head of one of the richest banking and commercial firms of his time; lent large sums to Charles V.; was created a prince killed. The charter was revoked in 1546, after the Welsers had lost, it is said, 3,000,000 florins. Welsh (welsh). The people of Wales, or the members of the Cymric race indigenous to Wales. They were ruled by petty princes and maintained their independence of the English till 1282-83. Welsh pool (welsh'pöl). A town in the county of Montgomery, Wales, situated on the Severn 17 miles west of Shrews bury. Near it is Powys Castle. Population (1891), 6,306. Welsh Shakspere, The. See Williams , Edward . Werner, Franz von He was accused on twenty-eight counts which concerned his conduct towards England, Ireland, and Scotland. The chief was that he had incensed his majesty against the members of the late Parliament telling him "they had denied to supply him, and that his majesty having tried the affections of his people, and been refused, he was absolved from all rules of government, and that he had an army in Ireland which he might employ to reduce this kingdom" (State Trials). The Lords refused to admit as evidence a paper found by Sir Harry Vane which supported his father's evidence on this charge. For which cause the Commons brought in a bill of attainder. Bohemia. Wenceslaus I. King of Bohemia 1230-53, son of Ottokar I. He was a patron of the poetic art, and himself a minnesinger. Wenceslaus II. King of Bohemia 1278-1305, son of Ottokar II. He extended the Bohemian power, and was crowned king of Poland in 1300. Wenceslaus. Born 1361: died Aug. 16, 1419. German king, son of the emperor Charles IV. He was elected king of the Romans in 1376, and succeeded to the German and Bohemian thrones in 1378. He put to death John of Nepomuk. He was imprisoned by Bohemian nobles 1393-94; was deposed from the German throne in 1400; and renounced his right to that crown in 1410, but continued to reign as king of Bohemia. Wendland (vent' länt). The northeastern part of the former principality of Lüneburg in Pru ia. Wends (wendz). 1. A name given in early times by the Germans to their Slavic neighbors. -2. The members of a branch of the Slavic race living in Lusatia. Also called Sorbs . Wenern (vā'nern), or Venern (vā'nern), Lake. The largest lake of Sweden, and after Lakes Ladoga and Onega the largest lake in Europe, situated in the southern part of Sweden, west northwest of Lake Wettern, with which it is connected by a canal (and thence with the Baltic). It receives the Klar Elf, and its outlet is by the Göta Elf into the Cattegat. Length, 100 miles. Width, 50 miles. Height above sea-level, 140 feet. Area, about 2,290 square miles. Wengern Alp (ven'gernälp). A height in the pa of the Little Scheideck, Bernese Oberland, Switzerland: famous for its magnificent view. Wenlock (wen'lok), or Much Wenlock (much wen'lok). A town in Shropshire, England, 30 miles west-northwest of Birmingham. Popu lati on (1891), 15,703. Wenrorono (wen-rō-rō'nō). A tribe of North American Indians which, when first known, lived in a ociation with the Neuters, and, upon the attacks of the Iroquois in 1638, fled to the Hurons with whom they became mixed. See Iroquoian . Born at A royal He made Went worth (went'werth), Benning. Portsmouth, N. H., 1696: died 1770. governor of New Hampshire 1741-67. grants of land (the New Hampshire grants) in southern Vermont. Went worth, Charles Watson, second Marquis of Rocking ham. Born 1730: died July 1, 1782. An English statesman, prime minister 1765-66 and March-July, 1782. Went worth, Sir John. Born at Portsmouth, N. H., Aug. 9, 1737: died at Halifax, N. S., April 8, 8, 1820. Royal governor of New Hampshire 1767-75. He was a loyalist in the Revolution, and was lieutenant-governor of Nova Scotia 1792-1808. Went worth, Thomas, Earl of Str afford. Born at London, April 13, 1593: executed at London, May 12, 1641. A famous English statesman. He entered Parliament in 1614; and was an opponent of the of the Empire; and in 1527 was granted the right to conquer and colonize Venezuela. Dal finger, Speier, and others were engaged by the Welsers in this enterprise, which was carried on simply as a commercial venture. Great numbers of the Indians were enslaved, and far more were policy of James I., and until 1628-29 of that of Charles I. In 1628 he was raised to the peerage; became president of the Council of the North in 1628; was made a privy councilor in 1629: was appointed lord deputy of Ireland 1632, and arrived there 1633; and became the chief adviser of Charles I. In 1640 he was made earl of Str afford and lord lieutenant of Ireland; commanded the army against the Scots in that year; was impeached by the Long Parliament; and was condemned by a bill of attainder. Acland and Ransome . Wenzel. See Wenceslaus . Wept of Wish-ton-wish, The. A novel by Co Cooper, published in 1829. Werbach (ver'bäch). A village in Baden, near the Tauber 16 miles southwest of Würzburg. It was the scene of a contest between the troops of Baden and those of North Germany, July 24, 1866. Werden (ver'den). A town in the Rhine Province, Pru ia, situated on the Ruhr 30 miles north of Cologne. It contains an ancient church of a Benedictine abbey (founded 799). Population (1890), 8,838. Werder (ver'der), Count August Karl Fried rich Wilhelm Leopold von. Born at Schlo berg, near Nor kitten, East Pru ia, Sept. 12, 1808: died at Grü ow, Pomerania, Sept. 12, 1887. A Pru ian general. He entered the army in 1825; served with the Ru ians in the Caucasus; distinguished himself in the war of 1866 at Gitschin and Königgratz; commanded an army corps at the battle of Wörth in 1870; was commander of the army which besieged and took Strasburg in 1870, and was made general of infantry; commanded in the autumn of 1870 in the Vosges, at Oignon, Dijon, etc., and at Villersexel Jan. 9, 1871; and gained the victory of Héricourt over Bourbaki Jan. 15-17, 1871. Werelä, Peace of. A treaty concluded in 1790, between Sweden and Ru ia, at Werelä, a village in the government of Nyland, Finland. Wergeland (ver'ge-länd), Henrik Arnold Thaulow. Born at Christians and, June 17, 1808: died at Christiania, July 12, 1845. A Norwegian poet. His father was a clergyman, and one of the members of the Constitutional Convention at Eidsvold, and pastor there after 1817. He studied at the Christiania University after 1825, and began to write in 1827. His first productions were a series of satirical farces (among them Smag og Behag kan man ikke disputere" ("There is no disputing about taste") and "Papegojen" ("The Parrot"), all published under the pseudonym Siful Šifadda. In 1828 appeared the tragedy "Sinclairs Död" ("Sinclair's Death"). In 1829 was published a volume of many of them enthusiastically patriotic in character, which were taken up as songs by the people; and at this time his fame as a poet really begins. In 1830 ар peared the long dramatic poem "Skabelsen, Mennesket og Me ias" ("The Creation, Man and Me iah"). Subsequent works were the drama "Opium" (1831) and the poem "Spaniolen" (1833). In the meantime the poet Welhaven had made in a pamphlet, in 1832, a personal attack upon him for his sins of poetical commi ion; and in 1834, in the poem "Norway's Twilight," had censured the misplaced zeal of the ultra-national faction which Wergeland represented. At the production of his drama "Campbell erne" ("The Camp bells") the feud came to an open outbreak in the theater. Subsequently his fortunes steadily declined. He was deprived by the king of an official position, and then became involved in a lawsuit which took the greater part of his property. Some of his best work, however, was done after this time. Particularly to be mentioned are "Jan van Huysums Blomsterstykke" ("Jan van Huysum's Flower-piece"), a series of lyrics; the poem "Svalen" ("The Swallow"); the idyls "Jöden" ("The Jew") and "Jödinden" ("The Jewe "); and, finally, his last and greatest poem, "Den engelske Lods" ("The English Pilot"). His collected works were published at Christiania, 18521859, in 9 vols. Werner (ver'ner). A tragedy by Lord Byron: so called from the name of its hero, a mysterious and morbid character. Mac ready produced this play in 1830, and Werner was considered one of his most powerful parts. Werner (ver'ner), Abraham Gottlob. Born at Wehrau, Upper Lusatia, Sept. 25, 1750: died at Dresden, June 30, 1817. A celebrated German mineralogist and geologist, the founder of scientific geology: instructor in the Mining Academy in Freiberg from 1775. He was the propounder of the "Neptunian theory," which regarded as of aqueous origin various formations now considered to be volcanic, and which aroused much discu ion. His works include " Über die äu ern Kennzeichen der Fo ilien" (1774), "Kurze Kla ifikation und Beschreibung der Gebirgsarten" (1787), "Neue Theorie über die Entstehung der Gange" (1791), etc. Werner, Franz von: pseudonym Murad Effendi. Born at Vienna, May 30, 1836: died at The Hague, Sept. 12, 1881. A German poet. He was in the Turkish military and diplomatic service. Werner, Fried rich Ludwig Zacharias Werner, Fried rich Ludwig Zacharias. Born at Königsberg, Pru ia, Nov. 18, 1768: died at Vienna, Jan. 17, 1823. A German dramatist and poet, founder of the "fate-tragedies." He was a Roman Catholic preacher in later life. Among his dramas are "Die Söhne des Thals" ("The Sons of the Valley," 1803), "Der Vierundzwanzigste Februar" (1815: "The 24th of February"), "Das Kreuz an der Ostsee" ("The Cro on the Baltic," 1806), "Martin Luther," or "Die Weihe der Kraft" (1807), etc. Wernigerode (ver'nē-ge-rō-de). A town in the province of Saxony, Pru ia, situated at the foot of the Harz, on the Holzemme, 40 miles southwest of Magdeburg. It is the capital of the county of Stolberg-Wernigerode (formerly an imperial fief). It contains a noted Rathaus and castle with a large library. Population (1890), 9,966. Werra (ver'rä). One of the two head streams of the Weser. It rises in Saxe-Me in in gen, flows through Thu ring i a, separating the Thüringer wald from the Rhön gebirge, and unites with the Fulda at Münden to form the Weser. Length, about 170 miles. Werth, or Werdt (vārt), Johann von (Jean de Weert). Born at the end of the 16th century: died 1652. A general in the Imperialist and Bavarian service in the Thirty Years' War. He was distinguished at Nördlingen in 1634; captured Ehrenbreitstein in 1637; was defeated and taken prisoner at Rheinfelden March 3, 1638; commanded at Tuttlingen Nov. 24, 1643; and was distinguished at Mergentheim and Allersheim in 1645. Werther (var'ter). An opera by Ma enet, words by E. Blau, Paul Milliet, and Georges Hartmann, from Goethe's novel: produced at London June, 1894. See Sorrows of Werther . Wertingen (ver'ting-en). A small town in Swabia, Bavaria, situated on the Zusam 16 miles northwest of Augsburg. Here, Oct. 8, 1805, the French under Lannes and Murat defeated the IMG:content-1020.png:[blocks in formation] Weser (vā'zer). [L. Visurgis , OG. Visuracha .] One of the principal rivers of Germany. It is formed, at Münden, by the union of the rivers Werra and Fulda; flows generally north and north-northwest, and principally through Pru ia; and empties into the North Sea near Bremerhaven. Its chief tributaries are the Aller, Wümme, and Geeste (on the right), Diemel, Werre, Aue, and Hunte. On it are situated Bremen and Minden. Length, about 270 miles, or, including the head stream Werra, about 435 miles; navigable for sea ve els to Elsfleth, and for large boats to Münden. point, about 1,650 feet. Weser Mountains, or Weser Terrace. A mountainous and plateau region, extending on both sides of the Weser from Münden to Minden. Among the groups of mountains or hills are the Bramwald, Solling, Osterwald, Süntel, Deister, Bückeberg, the Weser proper, and the Teutoburgerwald. Highest Wesley (wes'li or wez'li), Charles. Born at Epworth, Lincoln shire, England, Dec. 28, 1708: died at London, March 29, 1788. An English Methodist clergyman and hymn-writer, brother of John Wesley: famous as a hymn-writer. He was educated at Westminster School and at Christ Church, Oxford. He accompanied his brother John to Georgia 1735-36. Wesley, John. Born at Epworth, England, June 28, 1703: died at London, March 2, 1791. An English clergyman, son of Samuel Wesley: famous as the founder of Methodism. He was educated at Charter house School and at Christ Church, Oxford; be came a fellow of Lincoln College in 1726; and was curate to his father 1727-29. In the latter year he settled at Oxford, where he became the leader of a band of young men conspicuous for their religious earnestne : they were somewhat derisively called "methodists" from the regularity and strict method of their lives and studies. He went to Georgia as a mi ionary in 1735, returning to England in 1738. At first he was allied with the Moravians, but soon abandoned all ecclesiastical traditions and established the Methodist Church. In 1739 he began open-air preaching. The first Methodist conference was held in 1744. His literary work, also, was extensive. Wesley an (wes'li-an or wez'li-an) University. elevatution of learning at Middletiversity. necticut, chartered in 1831. It is under Methodist Episcopal control. In 1896-97 it had 35 instructors and 307 students. IMG:content-1021.png:[blocks in formation] morous narratives in verse. His poems were published Gustavus Vasa defeated the Danes; and at the Diet held in a second edition at Copenhagen in 1878. We ex (wes'eks). [ME. We ex , We exe , AS. Westseaxe, West Saxons. Cf. E ex , Su ex .] One of the Saxon kingdoms in England, which became the nucleus of the kingdom of England. The settlement of the West Saxons under Cerdic and Cynric on the coast of Hampshire took place in 495, and the kingdom spread north and west to Berks hire, Wilts hire, Dorset, etc. We ex obtained the overlordship in Britain under Egbert in the first part of the 9th century; was reduced in power by the Danes; and under Alfred's succe ors developed into the kingdom of England. It was an earldom in the 10th and 11th centuries, comprising the territory south of the Thames. We obrunner Gebet. ['We obrunn Prayer.] An important relic of Old High German liter a- ture, dating from the end of the 8th century. of We obrunn, in Bavaria near the Lech. It was preserved in the Benedictine monastery West (west), Benjamin. Born at Springfield, Chester County, Pa., Oct. 10, 1738: died at London, March 11, 1820. An American-English historical and portrait painter. He worked as a por- trait-painter in Philadelphia and New York, and studied in Italy 1760-63. He settled in London in 1763; became court historical painter in 1772; was one of the early mem- bers of the Royal Academy; and was the succe or of Rey- nolds as president of the Royal Academy. Among his noted paintings are "The Death of Wolfe" (at Grosvenor House), "Battle of La Hogue," "Christ Healing the Sick" (National Gallery, London), "Death on the Pale Horse" (Pennsylvania Academy), "Alexander the Great and his Physicians," and "Penn's Treaty with the Indians." Many of his pictures are at Hampton Court. West, Empire of the. See Western Empire . West, Lionel Sackville. See Sackville - West . West, Rebecca. An adventure , in Ibsen's play "Rosmersholm," who induces the wife of Rosmer to commit suicide, leaving him with the conviction that she (the wife) was insane. West, The. 1. The western part of the world, or Occident. This, as distinguished from the East, or Orient, is sometimes restricted to the greater part of Europe, and sometimes indicates, or at least includes, the western hemisphere. 2. In the United States, the western part of that country. Formerly this was the region lying west of the thirteen original States along the Atlantic seaboard, and particularly the northern part of that region; now it is, indefinitely, the region beyond the older seaboard and cen- tral States, or more specifically that included mainly be tween the Mi i ippi River and the Pacific Ocean, and especially the northern part of that region. West, Thomas, Baron Delawarr or Delaware. Died 1618. Governor and captain-general of Virginia. He was appointed in 1609, arrived at James town in 1610, and returned in 1611. West African Colonies. A collective name for the British colonies in western Africa. They comprise Sierra Leone, Lagos, the Gold Coast, and Gambia. West Australia. See Western Australia . West Bay City. A city in Bay County, Michi- gan, situated near the mouth of Saginaw River, opposite Bay City. It has an extensive trade in lumber. Population (1890), 12,981. West Bromwich (brum'ich). A town in Staf- ford shire, England, situated near the Tame 6 miles northwest of Birmingham. It has manu- factures of hardware, etc. Population (1891), 59,489. Westbury, Baron. See Bethell , Richard. West Chester (ches'ter). A borough, capital of Chester County, Pennsylvania, 25 miles west of Philadelphia. Population (1890), 8,025. Westcott (west'kot), Brooke Fo . Born near Birmingham, Jan., 1825. An English prelate and biblical scholar. He was regius profe or of divinity at Cambridge 1870-90; became canon of Westminster in 1883; and was appointed bishop of Durham in 1890. He was one of the New Testament revisers. His works include a "History of the Canon of the New Testament" (1855), "Introduction to the Study of the Gospels" (1860), "The Bible in the Church" (1804), "The Gospel of the Resurrection" (1866), "History of the English Bible" (1868), etc. there in 1527 he secured the succe of the Reformation. Population, 8,122. Westergötland (ves'ter-yet-länd). A former province of Sweden, now divided into the laens of Göteborg, Elfsborg, and Skaraborg. Westerly (wes'ter-li). A town in Washington County, Rhode Island, 37 miles southwest of Providence. Population (1890), 6,813. Westermann (ves-ter-män'), François Joseph. Guillotined 1794. A French Revolutionist and general, distinguished in the Vendean war. Western (wes'tern), Sophia. The heroine of Fielding's novel "Tom Jones,"," a very bright and attractive character. After various adventures caused by her father's brutal temper, she is reconciled to him and marries Jones. Western, Squire. In Fielding's novel "Tom Jones," a hunting squire of gro speech and ungoverned and brutal temper, the father of the fair Sophia. His redeeming trait is his affection for his daughter, whom, however, he treats in a most tyrannical fashion. But, above all, what shall we say of Squire Western, next to Falstaff the most universally popular of comic creations?... His shrewdne , his avarice, his coarse kindne , his sense-defying Jacob it ism, his irresistible unreasonablene ; his brutal anger, making the page which chronicles it shake with oaths, interjections, and screaming interrogations; -loving his daughter as he loves his dogs and horses, and willing to use the whip and the spur the moment she does not obey him with due alacrity, as in the case of his other brutes; and loving himself with a depth of affection, with a disregard of everything else on and over the earth, which touches the pathetic in selfishWhipple, E ays and Reviews. ne . Western Australia (western as-tralia). A British colony in Australia, bounded by the ocean on the north, west, and south, and by South Australia (with the Northern Territory and Alexander Land) on the east. Capital, Perth. The interior is largely a desert, and is to a great extent unexplored. The largest export is wool. The government is vested in a governor, legislative council (elected since 1893), and legislative a embly. The coasts were visited in the 16th century; a convict settlement was established at King George's Sound in 1825; and free settlements were founded on Swan River about 1829. Area, 975,920 square miles. Population (1892), 58,674. Western Empire, The. The distinctive designation of the western portion of the Roman world after its division into two independent empires in A. D. 395. See Eastern Empire . Its power very rapidly declined under the inroads of barbarians and other adverse influences, and it was finally extinguished in 476. See Holy Roman Empire . Western Ghats. See Ghats . Western Islands. See Azores , He brides . Westernorrland (ves'ter-nor-länd), or Her nos and (her'ne-sänd). A laen in northern Sweden. Area, 9,530 square miles. Population (1890), 212,028. Western Reserve. The popular name for that part of Ohio, on Lake Erie, reserved by Connecticut. (See Ohio .) It contains Cleveland. Western States. Formerly, the States of the American Union lying of the Alleghanies. As the country developed, the phrase came to include all the States westward to the Pacific and north of the slave States, although certain States have been cla ed both as Southern and as Western States. The name is very indefinite: sometimes it is restricted to the States west of the Mi i ippi (excluding the so-called Southwest); sometimes it includes the northern part of the entire region from Ohio to California. Wester wald (ves'ter-vält). A region of plateaus and low mountains in Pru ia, between the Rhine, the Sieg, and the Lahn. At the northwest end is the Siebengebirge. Highest point, about 2,200 feet. West field (west'feld). A town in Hampden County, ty, Ma achusetts, 10 miles west of Springfield. It has manufactures of whips, cigars, etc. Population (1890), 9,805. West Flanders. See Flanders , West. West Francia. See Francia . West Fries land (frēz'land). A name sometimes