LEMONNIER, PIERRE CHARLES

largely, by continued recommendation of Eng. methods and instruments, to reform of Fr. practical astronomy. a@ genus of Lemuroidea, long-tailed, nonweb-footed, with long snouts and large ears; vegetarian and carnivorous; confined to Madagascar. 3 Faminy. si * LENA (73° 25’ N.} 126° §.);" river, Siberia; rises near Lake. Baikal, flows to Arctic Ocean. gari an poet; his short lyric pieces are the best of his many miscellaneous works. ANOYV (1870-1924), Ru ian Soviet: feader, 6. at Simbirsk; is a hereditary noble, s. of a state councillor; mother had small estate in Kazan government, and after her husband’s death was in receipt of a state pension. After completing course in Simbirsk gymnasium, he entered Kazan Univ., but was expelled for participating in an anti-government Students riot. In 1887 his brother Alexander was executed for complicity in plot against life of Alexander III. In 1891, Lenine attended law and economic cla es in Petrograd Univ.; four years later he went to Germany; on his return in the same year he was arrested on account of his Socialistic activities, and exiled for three years to Sushenskoe in EH. Siberia, being forbidden on expiration of his sentence to reside in any of the largo cities, factory centers, or univ. towns of Ru ia. Released in 1900, again went abroad, and for next seventeen years was 2 Socialist leader, Appeared Petrograd in Oct. 1917, and with Trotsky brought about fall of Kerensky. He has been described as ‘short of stature, rather plump, with short, thick neck, proad shoulders, round red face, hl intellectual forehead, bald head, nose slightly turned up, brownish moustache gnd short stubbly beard—more like a provincial grocer than a leader of men. He was certainly by far the greatest intellectual force which the Ru ian revolution has brought to light.’ His creed is set forth in his book, The State and Revolution, pub. Jan. 1920, in which he attempts to justify himself as ) ths only true disciple of Karl Marx; ke regarded the state as a bourgeois concepe tion, an instrument for exploiting the oppre ed cla es. He opposéd the anarchist desire to abolish the state without having anything to put in its place; by abolishing capitalism, destroying cla differences, ‘the proletarian state or semi state withers away after the revolution.”! He was opposed to violence, but admitted. that violence is nece ary to achieve Communism, The transition stage he described. as ‘the Dictatorship of the Proletariat.’ He showed himself cold, pitile , and devoid of all sentiment, and ruthle in attempting to force the narrow tenets of his Marxian dogma upon Ru ia and the whole world. Lenine was attacked by severe illne which compelled him to go into retirement in 1922, and a recurrence in 1923 was even more severe. He finally suce cumbed Jan. 21, 1924,. town, Transcaucasia, Ru ia. Pop. c. 9000. LL. district has area of 2115 sq. miles. Pop. c. 133,000.