JACKSON

a city of Tenne ee, in Madison co., of which it is the county seat. It is on the [llinois Central and other railroads, and on the Forked Deer River. It is the trade center for a large agricultural region and an important cotton market. Its industries include the manufacture of engines, boilers, cottonseed oil, lumber, machinery, and woollen goods. It is the seat of the Baptist University, Memphis Conference Female Institute, and Lane College. Pop., 1920, 18,860. seventh President of the United States; b. in the Waxhaw settlement, so close to the border line between N. and S. Carolina that both states have claimed him as its citizen. He was born a few days after his f. died, and grew up in poverty. His education was limited, but he read what he could, and at the age of 17 entered a law office at Salisbury, N.C. He was admitted to the bar in 1787, and the following year opened a law office in Nashville, Tenne ee. In 1789, he was made public prosecutor for three Tenne ee counties, and performed his duties so energetically and fearle ly as to win a State reputation. He was chosen as Congre man in 1796, and the next year served as Senator for a brief time, to fill a vacancy. He resigned in 1798, to become a judge of the Tenne ee Supreme Court, holding that position for six years. From 1804 to 1811, he engaged in busine , but was unsucce ful. In the war of 1812 he volunteered his services, but for the greater part of the time was engaged in subduing the Creek Indians. In 1814, he was made a major general in the regular army, and drove the British from Florida. In January, of 1815, he won the great victory of New Orleans, defeating Pakenham’s 12,000 veterans, though his own forces numbered only about 6,000. Only seven Americans were killed and six wounded, while the British lo in killed, wounded, and captured was over 2,000. This brilliant victory made Jackson a popular hero, and this popularity was enhanced by the victorious conclusion to which he brought the Seminole war, in 1818. He was made territorial governor of Florida, 1821; United States Senator, 1823; and in 1824, was a nominee for the Presidency. He received the most electoral votes, but as no candidate had a majority, the election was thrown into the House of Representatives, and John Quincy Adams was elected. In 1828, Jackson again ran for the Presidency and was elected, receiving 178 electoral votes to 83 for Adams. In 1832, Jackson had great qualities and great defects. He was the most illiterate man that ever held the Presidency. He had strong convictions and violent prejudices. His judgments and decisions were based rather on his intuitions than on broad knowledge and study of the problems that came before him. But he was honest, courageous and strong in his sympathies for the common people, from whom he came and whose champion he was. He checked tendencies toward monopoly and privilege and maintained the power of the central government as against the states, as in the famous 8. Carolina nullification controversy. He destroyed the United States Bank with disastrous results to the nation. He was an ardent advocate of the ‘spoils’ system. He was impatient of Congre and the Supreme Court, except when they agreed for him. As far as our system of government permitted, he was a despot, though he honestly believed that his tyranny was for the best interests of the people.