B, 30

237.]—B. per i planetæ [Tichomirow]. A species resemblin; . Tineola, but non-motile, found in the Per i planet a oriental is, and causing a special] disease of the latter. [** Bot. Jahresb.,”” 1879, ip. 327 (By |—B. Pflüger i Ujudwig. “See Micnococeus Ptigers - photo me tri cum [Engelmannj. A species discovered by Engelmann, which occurs as somewhat reddish-colored cells which become motile only when exposed to light. In the solar rispeceund they exhibit the most marked movement in the ultra-red, le marked in the yellow, and from this point to the violet end of the spectrum the motility gradually diminishes, [B, 73, 237.]—B. pneumoniæ, B. pneumoniz croupose (seu cruposæ). Fr., bactérie de la ae Pao Syn.: Diplococeus fines) P (seu pneumoniæ THE BACTERIUM PNEUMONIA CRU- POSH, (AFTER ZOPF.) inosæ), Preumococeus, Bacilus preumoniæ, A species discovered by Friedländer in the exudation and sputum, and also in the pleuritic and pericardial effusions in croupous pneumonia, It occurs as very short ovoid rods frequently disposed in pairs or in fours, with their apices in contact. Each B. is surrounded by a gelatinous capsule, a pair of Bacteria proquensly; having a common envelope. On gelatin it forms circular colonies, which In the deeper layers are dark-yellowish or olive-colored and granular, and above are whitish and » project distinctly over the level of the plate. In needle-cultivations it forms along the needle-track a confluent ma surmounted by a hemispherical prominent head (* nail-cultivation ”). On potatoes the cultivations a ume the appearance of gelatin cu shining, yellowish-white ma es often containing bubbles due to the gas evolved. The B. has the power of converting TR icore into ethyl alcohol and acetic acid, and calcium. lactate and creatinine into acetic acid [Brieger]. It is said to produce in animals, especially in mice, death, with pulmonary congestion and infiltration and pleuritic effusion, and they are hence regarded by Friedländer as the cause of pneumonia in man. According to the researches of others, however, various other organisms, especially the B. septicum sputigenum (q. v.), are concerned in the production of pneumonia, and Friedländer's B., although found pretty constantly in pneumonia and in the varions inflammatory affections (meningitis, pericarditis, endocarditis) com plica tin; it, is also found in connection with morbid proce es not a ociated with pneumonia (meningitis, purulent inflammation, ozæna, etc.). Moreover, the characters (capsulation and the ‘ nail-cultivation ”), ich have been regarded as distinctive of the B. pneumonice crupeg are a umed at times by other Schizomycetes, so that the ‘ormer has been thought by some to have no claim to be regarded. asa distinct species. This latter view, however, is probably a mistaken one. According to the latest researches by Weichselbaum, the B. of Friedländer, although a causal agent in the production of pneumonia, is le frequently so than the B. septicum sputigenum and the Streptococcus pneumonie, and, like these organisms, is also Unger and Drysdale, and it exhibits all varieties of movement, rotation about the long axis or the transverse axis, a quivering movement, and progre ion in straight or in curved lines. Ewart describes a growth of the Bacteria into filamentous spore-bearing forms, but the organism which he describes is apparently quite different from that usually understood under the name of B. termo. Under the latter title have been included a number of different species, and the form which has been regarded as the typical B. termo is said not to produce putrefaction Pues One of the species designated under this title has been used by Cantani and others in bacteriotherapy as an antagonist to the Bacillus tuberculosis in the treatment of je hthisis. It is characterized as small, rapidly more indrical rods arranged in loup Oe chains, Ta] idly liquefying gelatin and forming on gelatin-plates a greenishel depre ion with the evolution of a putrefactive odor. [B, 30, 73, 238; A. Maffucei and Flora, ** Rivist. internaz.,”’ 1886, ‘* Ctrlbl. f. Bacteriol. u. Parasitenk.,”” 1887, i, No. 5, p. 148 (B).]—B. tremulans [Trevis an]. The B. lineola. [B, 30.)—B. triloculare [Ehrenberg]. Syn.: B. articulatum. A species discovered by Ehrenberg in bog water and referred by him to the animal kingdom. It is described as a chain-like rod composed of 2 to 5 distinctly separated oval cells, each 2 to 25 x long and having a thickne of 07 « [Pritchard] or 2 to 25 4 [Davaine]. Each chain bears a filiform flagellum one third of the length of the chain, and presents a tremulous vibratory movement. By Bergonzini it is identified with B. lineal a, [B,30; Davaine (B, 46); B, 253.|—B. tuberculosis [Zopf], B. tuberculosum. See BACILLUS tuberculosis.—B. tumescens [Zopf]. See BaciLLUS tumescens—BB. typhosum. See BacrrLvs typhi abdominal is.— B. ulna. See BAciLLvs ulna.—B. ur [Cohn]. See Micrococcus ureæ.—B. violacenm [Bergonzini]. Syn.: Chromo bacterium violaceum [Bergonzini]. A motile B. occurring as isolated, violet-colored rods, 2 to 3 u long and 0'6 to 1 u thick, found in putrefying solutions of egg-albumin. The coloring matter is insoluble in water, but alcohol readily di olves it with the production of a deep-blue color, and ether di olves it le rapidly and with the formation of a reddish violet color. [B, 30, 73.|—B. viride [Van Tieghem]. See BaciLLUs virid is.—B. xanthinum [Schröter]. See B. synxanthum.—B. xylinum [A. J. Brown]. A name applied to a species (distinct from the B. aceti) constituting one of the varieties of the ‘* vinegar-plant” and having the power of converting saccharine solutions into acetic acid, dextrose into gluconic acid, and mannitol into levulose. It forms a thin pellicle upon the fiuids, in which it develops and consists almost entirely of cellulose. [A. J. Brown, “ Brit. and Colon. Druggist,”” May 22, 1886, P. 358 BI. Zopfii [Kurth]. See BaciLLus Zopfii.—Chromogen ous Bacteria. Fr., bactéries chromogènes. Ger., chromo gene Bacterien. It., batter i cromogeni. Bacteria which produce igments, e, g., the À. violaceum, the B. synxanthum, ete. _ [B.]— Emmerich*s diphtheria B. See B. of diphtheria.—Endosporous Bacteria. Fr., bactéries endospores. Ger., endospore Bacterien, Bacteria which reproduce by endogenous spore formation; i.e., Bacilli, [B, 54.|—Friinkel’s B. of pneumonia. See B. septicum sputigenum.—Friedlinder’s B. of pneumonia. See B. pneumoniæ crupose.—Pathogeniec Bacteria. Fr... bactéries pathogènes. Ger., pathogene Bacterien. It., batter i patoyeni. Bacteria which produce disease, e.g., the B. pneumonice crupose.—Rod Bacteria. Fr., bactéries (ou microbes) en bâtonnet. Ger., Stäbchenbacterien. Bacteria in the form of rods, ie, Bacteria in the ordinary sense of the word. [B.]—Saprogenic Bacteria. Fr, bactéries saprogènes. See Bacteria 0 Putrefaction. —Septic B. Fr., bactérie septique [Pasteur]. A which produces septic infection. [B.]—Zymogenic Bacteria. Fr., bactéries zymogènes, Ger., re Bacterien. Bacteria which produce fermentation, e. g., B. aceti. [B.] BACTERIURIA (Lat.),n.f. 'ri2-a8, From Baxrñptov (see BACTERIUM), and oùpeiv, to urinate. Fr., bactériurie. Ger., Bacteriurie, The pa age of urine containing an exce ive amount of Bacteria (Schizomycetes). Roberts divided the cases of b. into four cla es: 1. Those in which the presence of bacterioid organisms is a ociated with incipient putrefactive changes in the urine. 2. Those in which ammoniacal fermentation of the urine is present. 3. Those in which some of the common varieties of Schizomycetes are present, without decomposition of the urine. tober in which Micrococcus chains were voided with the urine. BACTEROID, adj. and n. Ba*k’te?r-oid. From Baxtyptov (see Bacterium), and eléos, resemblance. Fr.. bactéroide. Ger., bacteroid. 1. Resembling a Bacterium; belonging to the Bacteria or Schizomycetes. [B.] 2. As a n.,a name applied by Hellriegel to certain organized forms found in the tubercles upon the roots of leguminous plants. They resemble Bacteria in shape, aud by Brunchorst, Frank, and Tschirch have been considered to be Bacteria which have penetrated into the root-ti ues and which a ist in the nutrition of the Rane by fixing the nitrogen of the atmosphere and supplying it to the plants in a form suitable for a imilation. According to more recent and exact investigations, they are believed to be only peculiarly modified plant-cells. [H. Hellriegel, “ Ztschr. des Vereins f. Rtibenzucker-Ifdustrie,” etc, Nov. 1886, p. 863 (B); A. Tschirch, “Ber. d. dtsch. bot. Gesellsch.,” v, 2, p. 58, cited in “ Ctrlbl. f. Bacteriol. u. Parasitenk.,” i, 1887, No. 5, p. 133, and No. 21, BE 634 (B).]—B’enschicht (Ger.). The layer in the root-tubercles of the Legumin ose in which the b's are found. [B.] BACTERURIA (Lat.), n. f. Ba?k(ba®k)-te?r(tar)-u*(u)ri?-a3. See BACTERIURIA. BACTRIDE (Fr,), n.. See BACTRIDIUVM. BACTRIDEÆ (Lat.),n. f. pl. Ba?k(ba%k)-tri2d’e-e(a’-e2). Fr, bactridées. Ger., Bactrideen. In Drude*s cla ification, a subtribe dpi belonging to the tribe Cocaineæ, suborder Ceroxylinæ, comsing Bactris, Desmoncus, Astrocasyum, and two other genera. It: is distinguished from the Attaleeæ by the germinal pores being situated above the middle or near the apex of the putamen. {Drude (B, 245).]