Columelliform

Of the shape of a columella, or small column. ENTABLATURE CAPI-ARCHH FRIEZE CORNICE TAL TRAVE 12345 789010 12 Column, ( kol'um ,) n. [Lat. column a , columen ; W. colofn, from col of , a stem or stalk, a prop or support.] (Arch.) A member of a cylindrical form, placed upright for support of buildings, principally wrought in stone, and made decorative in conformity to the order and style of decorative composition. It consists of a base, a shaft or body, and a capital, and differs from the pilaster, which is square on the plan. The Greeks and Romans cut their C. in such a manner as to make them swell out slightly at about one-third of the entire height from the base. This was called the entasis of the C., and was effected by means of a sliding rule known as the rule of Nicomedes. The measurement and proportion of C. were regulated by the diameter of the lower end of the shaft, COLUMN SHAFT BASE Fig . 650. which was divid- 1, fillet; -2, cyma recta; -3, corona;ed into two parts 4, ovoles; -5, cavetto; -6, tenia; -7. called modules; upper facia; -8, lower facia; -9, abacus;-10, ovolo; -11, neck: -12, a str a each module gal;-13, apophyges; -14, torus; -15, being subdivided plintii. into thirty min utes. Peculiarities in the C. used in the architecture of different countries and periods will be noticed in the articles devoted to each style of architecture, and to each part of a C. as pointed out in Fig . 650.- Among the most celebrated triumphal columns of antiquity is Trajan's column, erect ed in Rome, in the centre of the Forum Trajani; dedicated to the emperor Trajan, as a commemoration of his victory over the Dacians, and executed, as it is believed, by Apollo dor us, A. D. 115. It is of the Doric order, and 132 feet in height. The shaft is constructed of 34 pieces of Greek marble, joined with scraps of bronze, and, for beauty of style, and elegance of proportion, is considered a masterpiece of art. 2,500 figures are sculptured on the entire work; they are 2 feet in height at the shaft, and gradually increase to a height of 4 feet at the top. -An erect or elevated structure resembling Fig. 651. a column; any body COLUMN OF TRAJAN. pre ing perpendicularly on its base; as, a column of water, the vertebral column. ( Mil .) A large body of troops drawn up in deep files, so as to present a narrow front. The term " in column" is diametrically opposed to that of "in line," when troops present an extended front. ( Naut .) A fleet of ships arranged in sailing line of succe ion. (Printing.) A perpendicular section of a page. (Arith.) A set of arithmetical numbers, placed for addition in a tabulated form; as, a column of figures. (Bot.) The consolidated stamens and pistils of Orchidacem. (Anat.) The term is applied to longitudinal portions or tracts of the myelon, of which there are three in each lateral moiety, called, from their situation in the upright posture of man, anterior , middle , and posterior columns.