rath2 (rath)

[Early mod. E. also rathe; There is a great use amongst the Irish to make great a emblyes togither upon a rath or hill, there to parley (they say) about matters of wronge betwene towneship and towneship, or one private person and another. Spenser, State of Ireland, p. 642. The Rath was a simple circular wall or enclosure of raised earth, enclosing a space of more or le extent. in which stood the residence of the chief and sometimes the dwellings of one or more of the officers or chief men of IMG:content-1664.png:[blocks in formation] Every day the State rath , or chariot, of the Bhavnagar Dunbar is drawn by two oxen about the Upper Gardens. Colonial and Indian Exhibition , 1886, p. 30. rat-hare (rat'har), n . Same as pika . rathe, a . and adv . See rath1 . rathelt, v. t. [ME. rathelen ; origin obscure.] To fix; root. Gawayn graythely hit bydez & glent with no membre, Bot stode stylle as the ston, other a stub be auther, That ratheled is in roc he grounde, with rotez a hundreth. Sir Gawayne and the Green Knight (E. E. T. S.), 1. 2292. IMG:content-1665.png:[blocks in formation] Lavalette is ratherish against Popish temporality; Gen. Guyon is rather favorable to it. New York Tribune , April 22, 1862. Rathke's trabeculæ. See trabecula . rathlyt, adv . [ME., also rathely , radly , radliche , hrædlice , quickly, hastily, speedily, hræth , quick: see rath1 .] In a rath manner; quickly; suddenly. Ryse we now full radly , rest here no longer, And I shall tell you full tyte, and tary no thing. Destruction of Troy (E. E. T. S.), 1. 772. rat-hole (rat'hōl), n. 1. A hole gnawed in woodwork, etc., by a rat or rats.-2. In print- ing , same as pigeonhole , 6. ratholite (rath'ō-lit), n. Same as pectolite . rathripe (гатн'rip), a . and n . [ rathripe , rædripe , hrædripe , early ripe, hræth , quick, + ripe , ripe: see rath1 and ripe . Cf. rareripe .] I. a . Early ripe; ripe before the season; rare- II. n. A rareripe. [Obsolete or prov. Eng.] ratifiat, ratifiet, n. Obsolete forms of ratafia . ratification (rat"i-fi-kā'shon), n . [Early mod. E. ratificacion , ratification , ratificacion , F. ratification = Pr. rat iff i cation = Sp. ratificacion = Pg. ratificação = It. rat if i caz i one, ratificatio (n-), rat if i care , ratify: see ratify .] 1. The act of ratifying; the act by which a competent authority gives sanction and valid- ity to something done by another; also, the state of being ratified; confirmation: as, the ratifica- tion of a treaty, or of a contract or promise. The kyng of England sent Sir Nicholas Carew, knight, master of his horses, and Doctor Sampson, to Bononie, for the ratificacion of the league concluded at Cambray. It was argued by Monroe, Gerry, Howel, Ellery, and myself that by the modern usage of Europe the ratification was considered as the act which gave validity to a treaty, until which it was not obligatory. Jefferson, Autobiography, p. 46. 2. In law , the adoption by a person, as binding upon himself, of an act previously done in his name or on his behalf, or in such relation that he may claim it as done for his benefit, al- though done under such circumstances as would not bind him except by his subsequent consent, as in the case of an act done by a stranger having at the same time no authority to act as his agent, or by an agent not having adequate authority to do the act. Intention to ratify is not nece ary in order to constitute a ratification, for an acceptance of the results of the act may itself be conclusive upon the party. But a knowledge of all the material circumstances is usually nece ary in order to make a ratification binding. - Ratification by a wife, in Scots law , a declaration on oath made by a wife in presence of a justice of the peace (her husband being absent) that a deed she has executed has been made freely, and that she has not been induced to make it by her husband through force or fear. - Ratification meeting, in the United States, a political meeting called for the purpose of ex- pre ing approval of the nominations made by a political party, and of creating enthusiasm for their support. ratifier (rat'i-fi-ér), n. One who or that which Antiquity forgot, custom not known, The ratifiers and props of every word. ratify (rat'i-fi), v. t.; pret. and pp. ratified , ppr. ratifying . [OF. rate fier , F. ratifier = Pr. Sp. Pg. ratificar =It. rat if i care , rat if i care , rat if i care , confirm, ratify, ratus , fixed, settled, + -ficare , faccre , make: see rate2 and -fy .] 1. To confirm; establish; settle conclusively or authoritatively; make certain or lasting. rating1 (rā'ting), n . [Verbal n. of rate1 , v .] A scolding. rating2 (ra'ting), n . [Verbal n. of rate2 , v .] 1. A fixing of rates; proportionate distribution as to charge or compensation; determination of relative values or rights. Covenants will be ratified and confirmed, as it were by the Stygian oath. Bacon , Political Fables, ii., Expl. as if they were rat i- Shaking hands with emphasis,.. fying some solemn league and covenant. Charlotte Brontë , Shirley, xvii. 2. To validate by some formal act of approval; accept and sanction, as something done by an agent or a representative; confirm as a valid act or procedure. This Accord and final Peace signed by both Kings was ratified by their two eldest Sons. Baker , Chronicles, p. 125. A solemn compact let us ratify , And witne ev'ry power that rules the sky. ratio atoms belonging to the different groups of acidic or basic compounds in the composition of a mineral. The oxygen ratio of silica, sesquioxid, and protoxid in garnet is 2:1:1. -Pedal ratio, in anc. pros., the proportion of the number of times in the arsis to that in the thesis, or vice vers a. The pedal ratio (λόγος ποδικός ) is usually either equal or is or rhythmic ratio (1:1), diplasic or double ratio (1:2), or hemiolic ratio (2:3=1:14). Besides these three, the ordinary pedal ratios, two others were anciently recognized the triplasic or triple ratio (1:3), and the epitritic ratio (3:4=1:14). The dochmius, regarded as a single foot, had a pedal ratio different from all these (3:5; (11(1). Is or rhythmic, diplasic, hemiolic, triplasic, epitritic, and dochmiac feet are feet having the pedal ratios just named. See foot, 11, irrational, rhythm. - Prime and ultimate ratios, phrases first introduced, at least in a system, by Newton, who preferred them to the terms suggested by his own method of fluxions. The method of prime and ultimate ratios is a method of calculation which may be considered as an extension of the ancient method of exhaustions. It may be thus explained: let there be two variable quantities constantly approaching each other in value, so that their ratio or quotient continually approaches to unity, and at last differs from unity by le than any a ignable quantity; the ultimate ratio of these two quantities is said to be a ratio of equality. In general, when different variable quantities respectively and simultaneously approach other quantities, considered as invariable, so that the differences between the variable and the invariable quantities become at the same time le than any a ignable quantity, the ultimate ratios of the variables are the ratios of the invariable quantities or limits to which they continually and simul taneously approach. They are called prime ratios or ulti mate ratios according as the ratios of the variables are considered as receding from or approaching to the ratios of the limits. The first section of Newton's "Principia" contains the development of prime and ultimate ratios, with various propositions. - Progre ion with n ratios. See progre ion. - Quadruple ratio, the ratio of 4 to 1.-Quadruplicate ratio, a ratio of fourth powers.Quintuple ratio, the ratio of 5 to 1.- Ratio cog no scend i (L.), a reason. - Ratio decidendi (L.), in law, the ground or reason on which a judicial decision is conceived as proceeding. The effect of such a decision as a precedent or evidence of the law is largely dependent on the ratio decidendi, which is usually indicated in the opinions of the court, but often obscurely or with conflict; hence what was the ratio decidendi is often a question for commentators and text-writers. Ratio e endi (L.), a cause. Rational ratio, a ratio between rational quant i ties. Ratio of equality. See equality. Ratio of exchange, in pol it. econ., the proportion in which a given quantity of one commodity may be exchanged for a given quantity of another, especially when the commodities correspond in form and mode of measurement: as, the ratio of exchange between gold and silver, or between wheat and barley. When I proposed in the first edition of this book to use Ratio of Exchange instead of the word value, the expre ion had been so little if at all employed by English Economists that it amounted to an innovation. Yet ratio is unquestionably the correct scientific term, and the only term which is strictly and entirely correct. W. S. Jevons, Theory of Polit. Econ., p. 89. Ratio of greater (or le er) inequality, the ratio of a greater quantity to a le er one (or of a le er to a greater).-Ratio of similitude, in geom., the ratio between corresponding dimensions of similar figures. See homo thetic. Ratio sufficiens (L.). Same as sufficient reason (which see, under reason ). - Reciprocal ratio. Same as inverse ratio. Simple ratio. (a) A ratio between first powers. (b) A ratio not compound. - Subduple ratio. See duple. Subduplicate ratio, an inverse ratio of squares ( sub in all names of ratio indicating the inversion of the ratio): as, the gravity of two equal ma es is in the subduplicate ratio of their distances from the gravitating center. - Submultiple ratio, the ratio which exists between an aliquot part of any number or quantity and the number or quantity itself: thus, the ratio of 3 to 21 is submultiple, 21 being a multiple of 3. To cut a line in extreme and mean ratio. See extreme. Triple ratio, the ratio of 3 to 1. ratiocinant (rash-i-os'i-nant), a. [ reason.