retraction (retrakshon), shon)

[ OF.retraction, F. rétraction = Sp. retraccion = Pg. retracção = It. retrazione, They make bold with the Deity when they make him do and undo, go forward and backwards by such countermarches and retractions as we do not impute to the Almighty. Woodward. IMG:content-2126.png:[blocks in formation] Locke, Second Reply to Bp. of Worcester (Works, IV. 344). =Syn. 3. See renounce. retractive (re-traktiv), a. and n. [= F. ré tract if = It. ritrattivo; as retract + -ive.] I. a. Tending or serving to retract; retracting. II. n. That which draws back or restrains. The retractives of bashfulne and a natural modesty... might have hindered his progre ion. Sir R. Naunton , Fragment a Regalia, Lord Mount joy. We could make this use of it to be a strong retractive from any, even our dearest and gain fullest, sins. Bp. Hall , Remains, p. 139. retractively (re-traktiv-li), adv. In a retractive manner; by retraction. Imp. Dict. retractor (re-trak'tor), n.; pl. retractors or, as New Latin, retract ores (re-trak-to'rēz). [= F. rétract eur, Some of their lodgings so obscure and retrayte as none but a priest or a devil could ever have sented it out. Harsnett's Decl . of Popish Impostures , sig. I. 3. ( Nares .) retrait2+ (rē-trāt'), n. [Also retrate ; retrato = It. retratto , a picture, effigy, re tractum , a picture, portrait, neut. of L. retrac tus , pp. of retrahere , draw back (ML. draw, portray): see retract , retray . Cf. retreat1 and por trait .] A drawing; picture; portrait; hence, countenance; aspect. Shee is the mighty Queene of Faery Whose faire retraitt I in my shield doe beare. Spenser, F. Q., II. ix. 4. More to let you know How pleasing this retrait of peace doth seem, Till I return from Palestine again, Be you joint governors of this my realm. Webster and Dekker (?), Weakest Goeth to the Wall, i. 1. retral (rē'tral), a . [ L.retro , backward, + -al .] Back; hind or hinder; retrorse; posterior; caudal: the opposite of prorsal . The furrows between the retral proce es of the next segment. W. B. Carpenter , Micros., § 487. retranché (ré-tron-shā'), a . [F., pp. of retran cher , cut off: see retrench .] In her ., divided bendwise twice or into three parts: said of the field. Compare tranché . retransfer (rē-trans-fèr'), v . t . [ trans fer . ] 1. To transfer back to a former place or condition. 2. To transfer a second time. retransfer (re-trans'fėr), n. [ retransfer , v .] 1. A transfer back to a previous place or condition. It is by no means clear that at the next election there will not be a retransfer of such votes as did go over, and, in addition, such a number of Conservative abstentions as will give Mr. Gladstone a large majority. 2. A second transfer. Contemporary Rev. , LIII. 147. If the retransfer has been perfectly done, the attach ment of the print to the paper will be so strong that they cannot be separated (unle wet) without the face of the paper tearing. Silver Sunbeam , p. 342. retransform (rē-tråns-fôrm'), v . t. [ re- + transform .] 1. To transform or change back to a previous state. A certain quantity of heat may be changed into a definite quantity of work; this quantity of work can also be retransformed into heat, and, indeed, into exactly the same quantity of heat as that from which it originated. Helmholtz , Pop. Sci. Lects. (tr. by At kins on), p. 349. 2. To transform anew. retransformation (rē-tråns-for-mā'shon), n. [ retransform + -ation .] The act of retransforming; transformation back again or anew. retranslate (re-trans-lāt'), v . t . [ trans late.] 1. To translate back into the original form or language. The "silver-tongued" Mans field not only translated all of Cicero's orations into English, but also retranslated the English orations into Latin. W. Mathews, Getting on in the World, p. 226. 2. To translate anew or again. retranslation (rē-trans-lā'shon), n. [ The final result of this sympathetic communication is the retranslation of the emotion felt by one into similar emotions in the others. Pop . Sci . Mo. , XXI. 824. sing. pret. ind. of retrahere, withdraw: see re treat, retract.] In law, the withdrawing or open renunciation of a suit in court, by which the plaintiff loses his action. Black stone. retrayt, v. i. [ME. retrayen, retrahere, draw back, withdraw: see retract, and cf. retrait, retreat. For the form, ef. extray, portray.] To withdraw; retire. Then euery man retray home. English Gilds (E. E. T. S.), p. 422. retreat (rē-trēt′), n. [Early mod. E. also retreit , retrait , retraict , retrate ; retrete , retret ( = Sp. retrete , a closet, retreta , retreat or tattoo, = Pg. retrete , a closet, retreat), retrete , re traite , retraicte , f., retreat, a retreat, a place of refuge, F. retraite , retreat, a retreat, rece , etc. (OF. also retrait , retraict , m., a retreat, retired place, also, in law, redemption, withdrawal, F. retrait , in law, redemption, withdrawal, also shrinkage), = It. ritratta , a retreat, retract a , a retreat, rece (L. retract us , a drawing back, ML. retreat, rece , etc.), retrac tus , pp. of retrahere , draw back, withdraw: see retract and retray .] 1. The act of retiring or withdrawing; withdrawal; departure. Into a chambre ther made he retret , Hit unshit entring, the dore after drew. Rom . of Partenay (E. E. T. S.), 1. 3944. Come, shepherd, let us make an honourable retreat. Shak., As you Like it, iii. 2. 170. Wisdom's triumph is well-timed retreat , As hard a science to the fair as great! Pope, Moral E ays, ii. 225. 2. Specifically, the retirement, either forced or strategical, of an army before an enemy; an orderly withdrawal from action or position: distinguished from a flight, which lacks system or plan. They now To final battel drew, disdaining flight Or faint retreat . Milton , P. L., vi. 799. 3. The withdrawing of a ship or fleet from action; also, the order or disposition of ships declining an engagement.-4. A signal given in the army or navy, by beat of drum or sound of trumpet, at sunset, or for retiring from exercise, parade, or action. Here sound retreat , and cease our hot pursuit. Shak ., 1 Hen. VI., ii. 2. 3. 5. Retirement; privacy; a state of seclusion from society or public life. I saw many pleasant and delectable Palaces and banqueting houses, which serve for houses of retraite for the Gentlemen of Venice,. wherein they solace themselves in sommer. Coryat , Crudities, I. 162. The retreat , therefore, which I am speaking of is not that of monks and hermits, but of men living in the world, and going out of it for a time, in order to return into it; it is a temporary, not a total retreat . Bp. Atterbury, Sermons, L. X. 'Tis pleasant, through the loopholes of retreat , To peep at such a world; to see the stir Of the great Babel, and not feel the crowd. Cowper , Task, iv. 88. 6. Place of retirement or privacy; a refuge; an asylum; a place of security or peace. Our firesides must be our sanctuaries, our refuges from misfortune, our choice retreat from all the world. Goldsmith. Here shall the shepherd make his seat, To weave his crown of flow'rs; Or find a shelt'ring safe retreat From prone descending show'rs. Burns , Humble Petition of Bruar Water. Ah, for some retreat Deep in yonder shining Orient. Tennyson, Locksley Hall. retreat 7. A period of retirement for religious self examination, meditation, and special prayer. =Syn. 5. Seclusion, solitude, privacy.-6. Shelter, haunt, den. retreat (re-trēt'), v. [ The rapid currents drive Towards the retreating sea their furious tide. Milton , P. L., xi. 854. 2. Specifically, to retire from military action or from an enemy; give way; fall back, as from a dangerous position. Ask why from Britain Cæsar would retreat ; Cæsar himself might whisper he was beat. Pope, Moral E ays, i. 129. 3. In fencing, to move backward in order to avoid the point of the adversary's sword: specifically expre ing a quick movement of the left foot a few inches to the rear, followed by the right foot, the whole being so executed that the fencer keeps his equilibrium and is ready to lunge and parry at will.-4. To recede; withdraw from an a erted claim or pretension, or from a course of action previously undertaken. As industrialism has progre ed, the State has retreated from the greater part of those regulative actions it once undertook. H. Spencer , Prin. of Sociol., § 580. 5. To withdraw to a retreat; go into retirement; retire for shelter, rest, or quiet. IMG:content-2127.png:[blocks in formation] 6. To slope backward; have a receding outline or direction: as, a retreating forehead or chin. = Syn. To give way, fall back. All verbs of motion compounded with retend to expre the idea of failure or defeat; but retreat is the only one that nece arily or emphatically expre es it. II.t trans . To retract; retrace. His dread full voyce Compelled Iordan to retreat his course. Sylvester, tr. of Du Bartas's Weeks, i. 3. retreat2+ (rē-trēt'), v . t . [ME. retreten , retreter , L.retract are , retrectare , handle anew, reconsider: see retract .] To reconsider; examine anew. He... retretith deepliche thinges iseyn byforn. Chaucer , Boëthius, v. meter 3. retreater (rē-trēʼtėr), n. One who retreats or falls back. He stopt and drew the retreaters up into a body, and made a stand for an hower with them. Prince Rupert's beating up the Rebels ' Quarters at Post-combe [ and Chenner, p. 8. ( Davies.) retreatfult (rē-trēt'fül), a. [ Our Prophet's great retreat ment we From Mecca to Medina see. D'Urfey , Plague of Impertinence. (Davies.) retree (rē-trē'), n. [Prob. retrait , shrinkage: see retreat1.] In paper - making , broken, wrinkled, or imperfect paper: often marked xx on the bundle or in the invoice. The Fourdrinier machine may be relied on to give an evenly made sheet, with a freedom from hairs and irregularities of all kinds; also a small proportion of retree , quite unapproachable by hand making. Art Age , III. 199. retrench (rē-trench'), v . [ retrencher , re trencer , ret rancher , F. ret rancher (= Pr. re tronchar = It. ritroncare), cut off, diminish, re- , back, + trancher , cut: see trench .] I. trans . 1. To cut off; pare away; prune. The pruner's hand, with letting blood, must quench Thy heat and thy exuberant parts retrench . Sir J. Denham, Old Age, iii. 21. To deprive by cutting off; mutilate. Some hundreds on the place Were slain outright, and many a face Retrenched of nose, and eyes, and beard. S. Butler, Hudibras, II. ii. 23. 3. To cut down; reduce in size, number, extent, or amount; curtail; diminish; le en. As though they [the Faction] had said we appear only in behalf of the Fundamental Liberties of the people, both Civil and Spiritual; we only seek to retrench the exorbitances of power. Stilling fleet , Sermons, I. vii. I must desire that you will not think of enlarging your expences, but rather retrench them. Swift , Letter, June 29, 1725. He [Louis XIV.) gradually retrenched all the privileges which the schismatics enjoyed. Macaulay , Hist. Eng., vi. 4. To cut short; abridge. IMG:content-2128.png:[blocks in formation] These figures, ought they then to receive a retrenched interpretation?. Is . Taylor . 6. Milit .: (a) To furnish with a retrenchment or retrenchments. (b) To intrench. That Evening he [Gustavus) appear'd in sight of the Place, and immediately retrench'd himself near the Chapel of St. Olans, with all the Care and Diligence of a Man that is afraid of being attacked. J. Mitchel , tr. of Vertot's Hist. Rev. in Sweden, p. 139. II. in trans . 1. To make a reduction in quantity, amount, or extent; especially, to curtail expenses; economize. Can I retrench ? Yes, mighty well, Shrink back to my paternal cell, And there I'll die, nor worse nor better. retrieve And lov'd to do good, more for goodne ' sake Than any retribution man could make. Webster, Monuments of Honour. The retributions of their obedience must be proportionable to their crimes. Bp . Hall , Contemplations (ed. T. Tegg), II. 396. If vice receiv'd her retribution due When we were visited, what hope for you? Cowper, Expostulation, 1. 247. 2. In theol., the distribution of rewards and punishments in a future life. All who have their reward on earth, the fruits Of painful superstition and blind zeal, Naught seeking but the praise of men, here find Fit retribution , empty as their deeds. Milton , P. L., iii. 454. Oh, happy retribution ! Short toil, eternal rest; For mortals and for sinners A mansion with the blest! 2. To trench; encroach; make inroads. He was forced to retrench deeply on his Japanese rev enues . Swift , Account of the Court and Empire of Japan. retrenchment (re-trench'ment), n . [ ret ran chem ent ; as retrench + -ment .] 1. The act of retrenching, lopping off, or pruning; the act of removing what is superfluous: as, retrenchment of words in a writing.-2. The act of curtailing, reducing, or le ening; dim inution; particularly, the reduction of outlay or expenses; economy. The retrenchment of my expenses will convince you that I mean to replace your fortune as far as I can. H. Walpole. ( Webster .) Retrenchment was exactly that form of amendment to which the Dandy was most averse. Whyte Melville , White Rose, II. xxvi. There is also a fresh crop of difficulties caused for us by retrenchment . Sir C. W. Dilke , Probs. of Greater Britain, iv. 2. 3. Milit .: ( a ) An interior rampart or defensible line, comprising ditch and parapet, which cuts off a part of a fortre from the rest, and to which a garrison may retreat to prolong a defense, when the enemy has gained partial po e ion of the place. Also applied to a traverse or defense against flanking fire in a covered way or other part of a work liable to be enfiladed. A retrenchment is thrown acro the gorge of a redan or bastion when there is danger that the salient angle will fall into the hands of the besiegers. (b) An intrenchment. Numerous remains of Roman retrenchments, constructed to cover the country. D'Anville (trans.). ( Webster.) =Syn. 1 and 2. Reduction, curtailment, abridgment. retrial (re-trial), n . [ re- + trial .] A second trial; repetition of trial: as, the case was sent back for retrial. IMG:content-2129.png:[blocks in formation] retributet (rē-trib'ūt), v. [ It. ritribuire, retribuire = Sp. Pg. Pr. retribuir = F. rétribuer ), give back, restore, repay, I came to tender you the man you have made, And, like a thankful stream, to retribute All you, my ocean, have enrich'd me with. Fletcher ( and another ) , Queen of Corinth, iii. 2. In the state of nature, "one man comes by a power over another," but yet no absolute or arbitrary power to use a criminal according to the pa ionate heat or boundle extravagancy of his own will; but only to retribute to him, so far as calm reason and conscience dictate, what is proportionate to his transgre ion. Locke, Civil Government, ii. § 8. II. in trans. To make compensation or requital, as for some past action, whether good or bad. The gifts of mean persons are taken but as tributes of duty; it is dishonourable to take from equals, and not to retribute. Bp . Hall , Contemplations (ed. T. Tegg), III. 52. retributer (rē-trib'ū-tėr), n . [ retribute + -er1 . Cf. retributor .] Same as retributor . Imp . Dict . retribution (ret-ri-būʻshon), n. [ soul after death depends upon a judicial award of rewards and punishments based upon the conduct pursued and the character developed in this life. It is distinguished from the theory that the future life is ( a ) simply a continuance of the present (continuance theory); ( b ) a life of gradual development by means of discipline (purgatory), or future redemptive influences (future probation). On the whole, however, in the religions of the lower range of culture, unle where they may have been affected by contact with higher religions, the destiny of the soul after death seems comparatively seldom to turn on a judicial system of reward and punishment. Such differ they make the future conditions of different cla es of souls seems often to belong to a remarkable intermediate doctrine, standing between the earlier continuance theory and the retribution theory. E. B. Tylor , Prim. Culture, II. 84. =Syn. Vengeance , Retaliation , etc. (see revenge ), repayment, payment. retributive (re-trib'u-tiv), a . [ retribute + -ive .] Making or bringing retribution or requital; paying back; conferring reward or punishment according to desert; retaliative. I wait, Enduring thus, the retributive hour. Shelley , Pro me the us Unbound, i. 1. retributor (re-trib'ū-tor), n. [ = F. rétri but eur =Pg. retribuidor = It. retributore, retribuitore, God is a just judge, a retributor of every man his own. Rev. T. Adams, Works, I. 196. They had learned that thankfulne was not to be measured of good men by the weight, but by the will of the retributor. Bp . Hall , Contemplations (ed. T. Tegg), II. 160.