paper (paper)

and a. [ quire twenty-four sheets, the ream of twenty quires (of which two are inferior to the other eighteen), and the bundle of two reams. 2. A piece, leaf, or sheet of this material. 'Tis as impo ible to draw regular characters on a trembling mind as on a shaking paper. Locke. I would see 'em all hang'd before I would e'er more set pen to papyr . Villiers , Rehearsal, i 3. Any written or printed document or instru ment, as a note, receipt, bill, invoice, bond, memorial, deed, etc.; specifically, in the plural, letters, notes, memoranda, etc.: as, the private papers of Washington. Ioyous and glad be, Now full merily demene you amonge, For of his paupires strike oute plain be ye! Here hym haue I slain and put to dethe stronge. Rom . of Partenay (E. E. T. S.), L. 4735. They brought a paper to me to be signed. Dryden, Spanish Friar, iii. 3. Having yesterday morning received a paper of Latin.. composed by a youth under age, I read them with much delight, as an instance of his improvement. Steele, Tatler, No. 207. verses 4. A printed sheet of news; a newspaper; a journal. To you all readers turn, and they can look Pleased in a paper , who abhor a book. Crabbe, The Newspaper. The way to prevent these irregular interpositions of the people is to give them full information of their affairs through the channel of the public papers , and to contrive that those papers should penetrate the whole ma of the people. Jefferson, Correspondence, II. 85. 5. An e ay or article; a di ertation on a special topic. paper There was one [subject] he clung to much, and thought of frequently as in a special degree available for a series of papers in his periodical. Forster, Dickens, lvi. 6. Negotiable evidences of indebtedne , such as promi ory notes, bills of exchange, etc.: used collectively: as, commercial paper; negotiable paper. Certain it is that a State, as long as it cannot be made by law to pay its debts, should have no privilege of i uing paper of any kind. N. A. Rev. , CXXXIX. 574. 7. The written or printed questions, collectively, set for an examination.-8. Hangings of paper, printed, stamped, or plain; paper for covering the walls of interiors. See paper hangings and wall - paper.-9. Free pa es of admi ion to a place of entertainment; also, the persons admitted by such pa es: as, the house was filled with paper. [Slang.]-Accommodation paper. See accommodation bill, under accommodation. - Albuminized paper, albumin paper, paper coated with albumin, practically always in the form of white of egg, as a vehicle for silver prints in ordinary photographic proce es. Prints upon it have a glo y surface. - Arrowroot paper, in photog., a so-called plain or nonglo y paper for positive prints, coated with a weak solution in water of arrowroot, with sodium chlorid and a trace of citric acid. It gives good effects for large portraits and landscapes. - Bank-note paper. See banknote.-Blue-proce paper. Same as blue - paper. - Bristol paper, a stout paper of very even texture and smooth surface, used for drawing: named from the place of its ori ginal manufacture. Also called Bristol-board. - Brown paper, a general name for wrapping-paper of a brown color and of all qualities and materials. - Busine paper, commercial paper, such as notes, bills of exchange, etc.Calendered paper, paper made smooth by the pre ure of calendering-rollers. - Carbolic-acid or carbolized paper. See carbolic. - Carbon paper. See carbon - paper. -Chinese paper. (a) Same as rice - paper. (b) A very thin, soft paper, of a faint yellowish or brownish tint, prepared from the bark of the bamboo. It is much used for fine impre ions from wood-engravings, and occasionally for proofs from steel-plate engravings, etc. - Cobb paper, in bookbinding, a mottled paper in which brown is the leading tint: largely used by English binders for the linings or end papers of books in half-calf bindings. - Cold pre ed paper, paper that has been pre ed only on the felts, leaving it of a rough surface. - Commercial paper. See commercial. - Commodity of brown papert. See commodity.- Cotton paper, paper prepared from cotton fiber. IMG:content-2252.png:[blocks in formation] Cram-paper. See cram. - Cream-laid paper, a smooth paper of ivory or cream-like color, much used for notepaper and envelops. - Cro -rule paper, paper ruled off in squares to facilitate the drawing on it of designs for weaving, worsted-work, etc., or to aid in making any draw ing in the proper proportions, or in drawing a plan, etc., to scale. Crystalline paper, paper thinly coated by means of a brush with a concentrated solution of salt with dextrine, or with certain more complicated preparations. - Cylinder paper, paper in which the fibers are drawn in one direction and are not fully interlaced. - Distinctive paper, a kind of protective paper; a silk-threaded fiber paper of high quality, such as that used by the United States government for the printing of notes, certificates, bonds, and other obligations, etc. Enameled paper, a surfaced paper that has been highly polished. - Ferropru iate paper, paper that has been rendered sensitive to the action of light by floating it on or coating it with a solution in water of red pru iate of potash and peroxid of iron. When exposed to light under a photographic negative, a drawing, etc., those parts of the sheet to which the light has acce through the transparent part of the negative or drawing are more or le affected according to the length of the exposure and the variation in transparency of the originals. When the printing has proceeded as far as is desired, the sheet is washed in clear water, and those parts which have been protected from the light become white, while the parts which the light has affected a ume a more or le deep tint of blue, which is permanent when the sheet is dried. Also called blue - paper. - Fiber-faced paper, a kind of paper used for bank-notes, checks, etc., in which shreds and scraps of silk or other fiber are mixed with the pulp of the paper to afford a protection against forgery. Compare distinctive paper. Filter paper or filtering-paper. See filter - paper and filtering.-Flat paper, paper unfolded and ready for use in printing. Fo il paper. See fo il and asbestos. - Fourdrinier paper, paper made in the Fourdrinier machine, in which at one end the fluid pulp flows in on felts, and at the other end the paper is delivered dry in the form of an endle roll.- Gaine's paper. Same as parchment paper. Gunpowder paper. See gunpowder. Hand-made paper. See def. 1.- Hard plate-paper, sized paper having a hard surface which does not readily take ink or color. - Height to paper, in type - founding, the extreme length of a type from its face to its foot. In Great Britain and the United States the standard height is eleven twelfths of an inch. French and German types are higher. - Hot-pre ed paper, paper polished by pre ure between heated plates. - Imperfect paper, sheets of inferior quality, usually the two outside quires of a ream, which are wrinkled, torn, or specked. -India paper. See India. - Ingres paper. [F. papier Ingres; named from the noted painter J. A. D. Ingres (died 1867).] A laid paper, showing water-mark, of somewhat rough surface, and tinted gray, drab, or the like, especially prepared for drawing with crayons. - In papert, in old Eng. law, not yet enrolled on parchment or recorded in a final judgment. - Iridescent paper, paper washed with a solution of nutgalls, iron, and indigo IMG:content-2253.png:[blocks in formation] given are sometimes applied to sizes which are larger or smaller. Antiquarian writing.. Atlas drawing..... Atlas small drawing. sulphates, sal ammoniac, and gum arabic in water, and exposed to the fumes of ammonia. - Japanese paper, paper made from the bark of the paper-mulberry ( Brou o netia papyri fer a ), soft, silky, transparent, and with a sat in like surface. There are various qualities, of which the white is the best and thickest. It is used for expensive printing, proofs of plate-engravings, etc.- Laid paper. Atlas writing See laid.- Legal-tender paper, paper money declared by law to be a legal tender.-Linen paper, paper made from linen or flax-fiber: “ linen paper was first made in the 14th century" ( Encyc. Brit., XVIII. 218). - Lithographic paper. See lithographic. - Litmus-paper. See litmus.Loft-dried paper, paper in which the sizing is dried by atmospheric evaporation. - Low to paper, in printing. See low2.-Luminous paper, paper of which the pulp is com pounded with gelatin and a phosphorescent powder. Ma chine-sized paper, paper dipping the web in a bath of di olved rosin and alum. - Manila paper, paper made from manila-fiber. It is usually of dull-buff color, and is of marked toughne . - Marbled paper, paper stained with colors in conventional imitation of variegated marbles. It is used chiefly for the linings and covers of books. See marbling. - Metallic paper. See metallic. M paper, paper which has only trivial imperfections. Mulberry paper, a kind of paper prepared in China from the inner bark of the paper-mulberry. - Negotiable pa per. See negotiable. - Nepal paper, a strong unsized paper, made in Nepal from the pulverized bark of the Daphne cannabin a.-News paper, a low grade of white printing paper. - N paper, paper of the second sorting, and inferior to M paper.- Oiled paper. See oil. On paper, in writing; set down "in black and white." - Paper-burnishing machine, a machine for putting a polish on paper, by means of a burnishing-stone, by heavy glazed rolls, or by any other method. - Paper-clipping machine, a machine for trimming the edges of books or of paper in piles, usually a guillotine-knife driven by a considerable power, and connected with a gage.-Paper-coloring machine, a set of color-rollers, automatically supplied with pigment, which give a coat of color to sheets of paper fed between them by means of feed-rollers. - Paper-glazing roller, a roller glazing or burnishing-machine for producing a glo y surface on paper. Paper-molding ma chine, a machine for molding paper-pulp to any required form. - Paper proce of stereotyping, a proce of making plates for newspaper-printing. A mold of the type form is made by beating with a brush prepared paper pulp on the face of the type: this mold, when dry, is filled with type-metal. Workshop Receipts, 4th ser., Stereotyping. - Parchment paper, an imitation of parchment, pre pared from ordinary unsized paper by immersing it for a few seconds in a solution of two parts of sulphuric acid or oil of vitriol in one part of water, at a temperature of 60° F., then washing it in cold water, and removing any remaining traces of the acid by dipping it in a weak solution of ammonia. It resembles parchment in appearance, and is tough, translucent, glo y, and almost impermeable to water. Also called papyrine and Gaine's paper. - Photographic paper, any paper used for the purposes of photography; especially, the paper, whether albuminized, salted, variously sensitized, coated with emulsion, etc., used for making positive prints from negatives. - Pitched paper. Same as tarred paper. - Pizzighelli paper, a sensitized platinum paper prepared commercially for photographic use. It gives a mat surface and clear gray tones, which are pleasing for many subjects. - Plain paper. ( a ) Paper that is unruled. (b) In photog., paper that has not a glo y surface, such as that of albuminized paper. - Plate-paper, the highest grade of book-paper. - Polygraphic paper, a paper specially prepared to receive writing or printing in an aniline ink, and to transfer this readily, under pre ure, to another similar sheet dampened. The second sheet is then used as a matrix from which a number of impre ions of the original writing can be struck off in a pre . - Post paper, a style of paper which came into use toward the end of the seventeenth century, especially for letter-writing. Post paper seems to have derived its name from the post horn which at one time was its distinguishing mark. Ure, Dict., III. 494. Printing-paper, a quality of paper made for printing, usually of softer stock and surface than writing-paper, and not so hard-sized. The lowest grade is news, the highest is plate. - Rag paper, paper made from the pulp of rags. The first mention of rag paper occurs in the tract of Peter, abbot of Cluny (1122-50 A.D.), adversus Judæos, cар. 5, where, among the various kinds of books, he refers to such as are written on material made "exrasuris veterum pannorum." At this early period woollen cloth is probably intended. Encyc. Brit ., XVIII. 218. Roofing-paper, a coarse, stout paper variously prepared, used to cover roofs. It is usually securely and smoothly nailed down, and then thickly coated with tar or paint. Ruled paper, writing-paper ruled mechanically with lines, for convenience in writing, keeping accounts, etc. Safety-paper, a paper which has been so prepared chemically, or so coated with a chemical pigment, that writing on it in ink cannot be effaced or cannot be erased without leaving indelible marks on the paper. Such pa per is often used for bank-checks, etc., to guard against fraud.-Sensitized paper, paper has been cally treated so that the color of its surface may be altered by the action of light, used in the various proce es of photographic printing. The name is most commonly given to paper that has been floated on a bath of nitrate of silver, or coated with an emulsion of silver nitrate or chlorid; but it is equally applicable to ferropru iate or blue papers, to bromide papers, to the sensitized pigment-papers used in the carbon proce , to platinum papers, or to any others of like character. - Silk paper. Same as ti ue - paper.- Silver paper. Same as ti ue paper.-Sized paper, paper which ha surface of glutinous matter to give it greater strength and proper writing-surface. Sizes of paper, certain standard dimensions of paper, the sheets being commercially cut to those sizes. Printing-, writing-, and drawing-papers of the same names are of different sizes in Great Britain and the United States. The sizes most used have names and measurements, in inches, as specified in the following table, but names the same as here has received a thin Check folio writing. Columbier drawing Columbier writing Copy, or bastard writing Crown drawing.. Crown writing Demy drawing Demy printing Demy short drawing Demy writing Double atlas drawing Double cap writing.. Double crown printing. Double demy printing. 224 × 35..26 × 38 Double elephant writing Double medium printing Double pot printing. Double royal printing Double super royal printing. Elephant writing. Emperor writing Extra large post writing. Extra size folio writing Flat cap writing Folio post writing. Foolscap drawing Foolscap writing Grand eagle.. Imperial drawing Imperial printing Imperial writing. Medium-and-half printing Medium printing Medium writing Pot writing Royal drawing Royal long drawing Royal printing Royal writing. Small cap writing Small double medium printing Small post writing Super royal drawing IMG:content-2254.png:[blocks in formation] 17 × 24 24 × 34 24 × 34 23 × 34 .16 × 20 15 × 20 15 × 19 .17 × 22 17×22..14 × 201 IMG:content-2255.png:[blocks in formation] Soft plate-paper, paper which is thick, unsized, and easily receptive of impre ion. - Special paper, a list kept in court for putting down demurrers, etc., to be argued. State paper, a paper relating to the political interests or government of a state. Surfaced paper, paper having an added film of whiting, which fills minute pits, and adapts it for the printing of woodcuts.Surface paper, paper covered with a thin coat of clay or other substance with intent to give a smoother surface. Tarred paper, a coarse, thick paper soaked with a tar product, used for covering roofs, lining walls, etc., with the object of securing warmth and dryne . - Test paper, litmus or turmeric-paper, used as a test for alka or acidity. - Ti ue-paper, a very thin paper of fine and soft texture, used for wrapping valuable or delicate articles, for polishing fine surfaces, for protecting engravings in books, etc.; silk paper; silver paper. -Touch and trade papers, in the United States, a permit i ued by the collector of a port, under section 4364 of the United States Revised Statutes, to a ve el licensed for carrying on fishing, authorizing it to "touch and trade" at any foreign port during the voyage.- Tracing-paper, paper so prepared as to be transparent, and of such texture that it will receive marks either in pencil or with pen and ink, used for copying a design, etc., by laying it over the original and following the lines carefully with a pencil or pen. -Transfer-paper, paper coated thickly with an adhesive pigment, as lampblack, vermilion, indigo, etc., used for transferring a design mechanically to an object on which it is to be copied. A sheet of transfer-paper is laid upon the object; on this is laid the design executed on paper or other thin and yielding material, and the lines of the design are then pa ed over with a hard point, which causes the pigment of the transfer-paper to adhere, along the lines pa ed over, to the object under treatment.Tub-sized paper, paper made by dipping each sheet in a tub that contains prepared animal sizing. - Turmeric paper, paper dipped into a hot infusion of turmeric, strong enough to give the paper a pronounced yellow color, and dried: used as a test of alkalinity or acidity. - Vellum paper, a heavy, uniform paper, showing no grain, and having a very smooth and fine surface. It is used for some of the finest printing. - Waxed paper, paper on which beeswax has been rubbed and melted by means of a hot iron: useful from its impermeability to water. - What man paper, an excellent brand of English papers, made in different qualities, with fine or coarse grain. It is used by draftsmen and aquarellists, printers of engravings, photogra phers, etc.- Wove paper, paper laid on flannels or felts and showing no marks of wires. - Wrapping-paper, a more or le coarse paper used for wrapping, varying in color usually from pale-buff to brown, made from unbleached manila or old rope. (See also blotting - paper, bond - paper, comb - paper, copying - paper, end - paper, lining paper, manifold - paper, rice - paper. ) II. a. 1. Made of paper; consisting of paper, in any sense: as, a paper box; paper currency. I have been told that in China the flying of paper kites is a very ancient pastime, and practised much more generally by the children there than it is in England. Strutt , Sports and Pastimes, p. 497. There is but a thin paper wall between great discoveries and a perfect ignorance of them. Burnet . 2. Appearing merely in certain written or printed statements, and not existing in reality or in tangible form: as, a paper army. IMG:content-2256.png:[blocks in formation] a , frame; b , balance-wheel and regulator; c , c, belt-pulley for driving the shaft; d, table for the paper, with graduated lines; e, hand-wheel which controls the back paper-gage and regulates the distance between different cuts; 1, cutting-knife, descending diagonally; g , lever mov- ing the knife; in, shaft moving knife-lever and automatic clamp. pers. It is prepared from paraffin and pure ka- olin, and tinted to any shade desired. paperer (pā'pėr-ér), n . paper-office (pā'per-of"is), n. In England: (a) An ancient office in the palace of White hall, London, wherein state papers are kept. (b) An office in the Court of Queen's Bench where the records belonging to that court are deposited. Wharton. paper-pulp (pā'per-pulp), n. The fine pulp pre- pared for making paper from any of the various materials used for this purpose. See paper , 1. paper-punch (pā'per-punch), n. An implement for piercing or making holes in paper for pur- poses of cancellation, for pa ing a cord through it to facilitate filing on a rod or hook, or for any other purpose. paper-reed (pa'per-rēd), n. The papyrus. This kinde of reede, which I have englished Paper reede, is the same that paper was made of in Egypt. Gerarde, Herball (ed. 1597), p. 37. IMG:content-2257.png:[graphic] paper-ruler (pā'pėr-röʻlėr), n. One who or an instrument or machine which traces straight lines on paper for any purpose. paper-rush (pā'pėr-rush), n. The papyrus. paper-sailor (pā'per-sā lor), n. The paper- to anything; one who covers (as a wall in paper nautilus or argonaut. hanging) with paper, wraps (as needles) in pa- per, or inserts (as pins) in a paper. The pins are then taken to the paperers , who are each seated in front of the bench. Ure, Dict., III. 580. white as paper. Thou paper - faced villain. paper-feeder (pā'per-fē"der), n. A contrivance, trivance, paper-splitting (pā'per-split"ing), n. The oper- varying greatly in form and principle, for de- livering paper from a pile in single sheets to a printing-pre , envelop-cutter, or a similar ma- chine. Such feeders may work by pneumatic force, by a revolving brush, by friction-fingers, by a gummed claw, IMG:content-2258.png:[blocks in formation] variously ornamented, used for covering and adorning the walls of rooms, etc.: so called be- cause they form a substitute for the earlier hangings of cloth or tapestry. Paper-hangings were not introduced into Europe until the seventeenth century; their use in China and Japan for screens and par- tial wall-coverings is of great antiquity. Dolls, blue-books, paper - hangings [are] lineally descend- ed from the rude sculpture-paintings in which the Egyp- kings. tians represented the triumphs and worship of their god paper-holder (pā'per-holder), n . 1. A box or receptacle for holding paper, as writing-paper, etc.-2. A paper-clamp or -clip. paper-hornet (pā'per-hor"net), n. Any hornet or other wasp which builds a papery nest. The position of the paper - hornets ' nests... [is] var i- ously a erted to be indicative of a "hard" or "open" winter, as they chance to be placed in the upper or lower IMG:content-2259.jpg:[blocks in formation] paper-knife (pā'per-nif), n. Same as paper- cutter , 2. paper-machine (pā'per-ma-shen"), n. A ma- chine for making paper. paper-maker (pā'pér-mā" kèr), n . One who manufactures paper or who works at paper- paper-cutter (pā'pėr-kut"èr), n. 1. A machine for cutting paper in piles or in sheets, or for making.-Paper-makers' felt. See felt1 . trimming the edges of books, pamphlets, etc.; a paper-clipping machine. See cut in next column.-2. A flat thin blade of ivory, bone, hard wood, tortoise-shell, vulcanized rubber, or the like, used to cut open the leaves of books and other folded papers, and also for folding paper.-Gage paper-cutter, a paper-cutting machine provided with apparatus that regulates with exactne the space between different cuts. paper-making (pā'per-making), n. The art or proce of manufacturing paper. - Paper-making machine. Same as paper - machine . paper-marbler (pā'per-mär"blėr), n . A marker of marbled paper; a workman engaged in pa- per-marbling. paper-mill (pā'pėr-mil), n. A mill in which pa- per is manufactured. paper-mulberry (pā'per-mul" ber-i), n . Bro us so net i a . IMG:content-2260.png:[blocks in formation] IMG:content-2261.png:[blocks in formation] pape t (pā'pes), n . [OF. (and F.) pape e , pape , pope, + fem. suffix- e e : see popel and See- e .] A female pope. Was the history of that their monstrous pape [Pope Joan] of our making? paper-muslin (pā'per-muz"lin), n . A glazed muslin used for dre -linings and the like. paper-nautilus (pā ́pėr-nâti-lus), n . The pa- per-sailor or argonaut. See argonaut , Argonau- tidæ , and nautilus . papeterie namental, containing paper and other materials for writing.