ectypography (ektipografi)

[ A method of etching in which the lines are left in relief upon the plate instead of being sunk into it. écu (a-kü' or a'kū), n. [F., a shield (applied also to a coin, etc.), Écu. (From Viollet-le-Duc's "Dict. du Mobilier français.") IMG:content-0209.png:[merged small][merged small][merged small][ocr errors] Écu d'Or of Charles VI., King of France.- British Museum. (Size of the original.) the écu au soleil (écu with the sun), écu blanc (white crown), and écu d'argent (silver crown). The specimen of the écu d'or of Charles VI. (A. D. 1380-1422) here illustrated weighs 61 grains. 3. A Scotch gold coin, also called crown, i ued in the sixteenth century by James V. and by dor + -an.] Same as Ecuador i an. Ecuador i an (ek-wa-dō'ri-an), a. and n. Ecuador (Sp. Ecuador, so called because cro ed by the equator, Ecuador i an fauna. The Ecuador i an section [of the Andes]. -ed ed. An abbreviation (a) of editor; (b) of edi tion. ed-1. [ME. ed-, Ed-2. [ME. Ed-, = nally 'property' (in Anglo-Saxon, prosperity [ 'happine '), as Edward , Anglo-Saxon Eád Encyc. Brit., VII. 644. II. n. A native of Ecuador, a republic of South America, on the Pacific, north of Peru. ecumenic, ecumenic (ek-ū-men'ik), a. [= F. œcuménique = Sp. ecuménico = Pg. It. ecumenico (cf. G. öcumenisch = Dan. Sw. ökumenisk ), οἰκουμενικός , general, universal, of or from the whole world, οἰκούμενος , ppr. pa . of οἰκεῖν , inhabit, οἶκος , a house: see economy.] Same as ecu menical (which is the usual form). ecumenical, ecumenical (ek-u-men'i-kal), a. [ Christian church. No other literature [than the French] exhibits so expansive and œcumenical a genius, or expounds so skilfully or appreciates so generously foreign ideas. Lecky, Europ. Morals, I. 160. The a umption of the title of Ecumenical Patriarch was another proof of the vast designs entertained by the Bishops of Constantinople. J. M. Neale , Eastern Church, i. 29. Both kings bound themselves to maintain the Catholic worship inviolate, and agreed that an ecumenical council should at once a emble, to compose the religious Motley, Dutch Republic, I. 202. differences. The ancient Greek Church is the mother of ecumenical orthodoxy; she elaborated the fundamental dogmas of the Trinity and the Person of Christ, as laid down in the Apostles' and the Nicene creeds. Schaff , Christ and Christianity, p. 10. Ecumenical bishop, a title first a umed by John the Faster, Patriarch of Constantinople, in the latter part of the sixth century. Gregory the Great, Bishop of Rome (590-604), strongly opposed the use of the title; but from the time of Boniface III. (607), on whom it was conferred by the emperor Phocas, it has been used by the popes as their right.- Ecumenical council. See council , 7.- Ecumenical divines, in the Gr . Ch . , a title given to St. Basil the Great, St. Gregory the Divine, and St. John Chrysos IMG:content-0210.jpg:[blocks in formation] Some Catholics have protested against the œcumenicity of the synod in 1311 at Vienna, generally reckoned the 15th ecumenical [council]. écu on (a-kü-son'), n. [F.: see escutcheon .] In her., an escutcheon, especially an escutcheon of pretense, or inescutcheon. ecyphellate (e-si-fel'āt), a. [ ecyphel lat us , cyphella , q. v.] In bot ., without cyphellæ: applied to lichens, etc. eczema (ek'ze-mä), n. [NL., έκζεμα , а сиtaneous eruption, ἐκζεῖν , boil up or out, ἐκ , out, + ζεῖν , boil.] An inflammation of the skin attended with considerable exudation of lymph. Ordinarily the eczematous patch is red, slightly swollen, more or le incrusted, and moist on the removal of the crust, and causes considerable itching and smarting. Eczema papulosum, the form of eczema characterized by papules, the swollen papillæ of the skin.Eczema rubrum. (a) Pityriasis rubra. (b) Acute eczema when the color of the skin is very red. Eczema squamosum. (a) Chronic eczema marked by the exfoliation of large quantities of epithelial scales. (b) Pityriasis rubra. Erythematous eczema, a mild form of eczema, marked by little more than redne of the skin (erythema). Vesicular eczema, the form or stage of eczema in which the eruption consists of vesicles containing Encyc. Brit ., VI. 511. serum. without the preceding vowel, -de, pl. -e-don, -o-don, -don (spelled- te, -ton, after consonants requiring such a imilation, as miste, cyste, drypte, etc., E. mist, kist, dript, now usually by conformation mi ed, ki ed, dripped, etc.), the pret. suffix proper being simply -de, the preceding vowel representing the suffix - ia, Goth. -ja, etc., Teut. * -ja, * -jo, formative of weak verbs; = OS. -a - da, -o - da, -da = OFries. -e- de, -a- de, -de, -te = D. -de = MLG. -e-de, -de, -te = OHG. -o- ta, -e- ta, -da, -ta = Sw. -a - de, -de = Dan. -de, -te = Goth. (with persons indicated) 1- da ( -i - da, -o- da, -ai da ), 2- des, 3- da, dual 2- dēdu, -dēdu, 3- deduts, 3- dēduts, pl. 1 -dēdum, 2- dēduth, 3- dēdun; being orig. the reduplicated pret. of AS. dōn, E. dol, etc., namely, AS. dide, E. did, used as a pret. formative: see dol. (2) (2) -ed2, pp. ( -ed, -d, or -t, or entirely absent, according to the p preceding elements), IMG:content-0211.jpg:[graphic] forms. or past tense, the perfect participle, respectively, of English "weak" verbs: suffixes of different origin (see etymology), but now identical in form and phonetic relations, and so conveniently treated together. Either suffix is attach ed (with suppre ion of final silent -e, if any) to the infinitive or first person indicative, and varies in pronunciation and spelling according to the preceding consonant (the final consonant of the infinitive): (1) -ed, pronounced -ed after t, d, as in heated, loaded, etc., and archaically in other positions, as in hallowed, raised, etc., and usually in some perfect participles used adjectively, as in ble ed, crooked, winged, etc., parallel to blest, crooked (pronounced krükt), winged (pronounced wingd), etc. (2) -ed, pronounced (with suppre ion of the vowel) d, after a sonant, namely, b, g "hard," g "soft" ( -ge = dzh or zh ), j (written -ge, as preceding), 8 ( -se = z), th (= dh ), v, z, l, m, n, ng, r, as in robed, robbed, lagged, raged, engaged, rouged, hedged, raised, posed, smoothed, breathed, lived, buzzed, boiled, felled, beamed, dreamed, stoned, leaned, hanged, barred, abhorred, etc. (but after the liquids l, m, n, r, in some words also or only t: see below), or after a vowel, or a vowel before h or w, as in hoed, rued, brayed, towed, awed, hurrahed, etc.-most words of this cla being formerly written without the vowel, which subsequently came to be indicated, pedantically, by an apostrophe, as in rais'd, breath'd, liv'd, etc. (this device being still retained by some, for its apparent metrical value, in verse, but otherwise little used in verbs, though it is the rule in the analogous instance of the po e ive case of nouns, as in man's, boy's, etc.), except in a few words which have preserved the simple form, namely, (3) -d, pronounced d (the vowel being suppre ed in both pronunciation and spelling), as in laid, paid, staid, shod, heard, sold, told, and (with lo of the final consonant of the infinitive) clad, had, and made (so spelled to preserve the "long" vowel), and, in preterit only, could, should, would - these forms being "irregular" spelling only ( laid, paid, staid ), or in spelling and pronunciation, as compared with the forms having the usual -ed Edenic -ed. (4) -ed, pronounced t (the vowel being suppre ed and the d a imilated to the preceding consonant) after a surd, namely, e "soft" (=s), ch (= tsh), f, k, p, qu (= k ), 8 surd, sh, th surd, x (= ks ), as in faced, enticed, matched, cuffed, coughed (pronounced köft), looked, lacked, tipped, piqued, pre ed, cla ed, clashed, toothed, earthed, mixed, etc., such words being formerly, as a rule, and still optionally (in verse, as preferred by Tennyson and other modern 1841 [Prov. Eng.]-2. The binding at the top of stakes used in making hedges. Sometimes called eddering. Wright. [North. Eng.] In lopping and felling save edder and stake, Thine hedges as needeth to mend, or to make. Tu er, One Hundred Points of Good Husbandry. Edenic eddy, or so as to resemble the movement of an eddy. Time must be given for the intellect to eddy about a truth, and to appropriate its bearings. De Quincey, Style, i. As they looked down upon the tumult of the people, they ut"Christ shall Ruskin . with t, as lookt, lackt, tipt, prest, mixt, fixt, etc.; in some words, where -ed after a liquid, l, m, n, r, or a vowel, is pronounced t instead of, as regularly, d, and in some words after p, the spelling -t prevails, either exclusively (and then accompanied by a change of the radical vowel), as in dealt, felt, bought, caught, thought, wrought, brought, sought, taught, slept, swept, wept, etc., or with a parallel form in ed pronounced d, as in spelt, spilt, spoilt, dreamt, leant, pent, burnt, etc. (the t in some cases absorbing the final d of the infinitive, as in bent, blent, built, girt, etc.), with parallel forms spelled, spilled, etc. ( bended, girded, etc.). (5) In some monosyllables the suffix -ed, reduced to -d or -t, as above, has blended with the final -dor -t of the infinitive, forming, in earlier spelling, a double consonant, dd or tt, which has since been simplified, as in shed, shred, corn-ricks. edder1 (ed'er), v. t. [ edder2 (ed'er), n. [A dial. var. of adder1 , q. v.] 1. An adder; a serpent. [Now only Scotch.] Ye eddris and eddris briddis, hou schulen ye fle fro the doom of helle? Wyclif , Mat. xxiii. For eddres , spirites, monstres, thyng of drede, To make a smoke and stynke is goode in dede. Palladius , Husbondrie (E. E. T. S.), p. 34. spread, preterit and past participle spread. Some words the definite artic he definitivities, precedingh, come to be used as nouns, having as such a po e ive case (in 's) and a plural (in -s): as, the police took charge of the deceand's effected at this the accused countenance ending in -ed2 (participles used as may, with but the plural, as " their beloveds," is not uncommon in recent poetry. See-dl, -d2, -t1, t2.