Mahler

(ma'-ler), Gustav, compr condr. b. Kalischt, Bohemia, July 7, 1860. Pupil at Vienna Umv., and at Cons, of Epstein and Bruckner; condr. at several theatres, capellmeister at Ka el 1883-85, and at Prague as Seidl’s succe or, where he gained wide knowledge of scores by Wagner, etc a t, of Nikisch at Leipzig 1886- 88; director of opera at Pesth 1888- 91, thoroughly reforming it; capellm. at Hamburg 1891-97; since 1897 director of Vienna Opera, 1898-1900 condr. of Geseflschaft concerts; condr at Covent Garden 1892, and at Metropolitan (N. Y.) 1907-09; remarkably strong and individual as condr.; composed operas and cantatas, but chiefly nine symphonies of imposing architectural construction and individuality of content.