FINISHING

in textile industry, is a purely mechanical proce which gives a characteristic appearance to the surface of the material and also affects its ‘handle’ or feel. Cotton fibres which | shrink during bleaching, etc., are stretched on stent ering frames while damp, and as they travel over the frame hot air is blown on to them, so that when they reach the end of the frame they are dry and stretched. They can be previously impregnated with starch to stiffen them or with china clay to weight them. By sending stretched cloth over a combination of rollers with or without heat it may be given an ordinary finish, a high glo , a watered or embo ed effect, according to the nature of the rollers. This is calendering. Beetling gives a linen-like appearance to cotton by making each thread prominent. Woolen goods are finished by milling, which subjects the fabric to mechanical friction to bring about felting or matting by the close interlocking of the hairs in the threads. The surface is subjected: to raising (%.¢.), Da ing Over bent spikes which pull up any hairs which have sunix below the surface. By shearing or cropping with an instrument lize a lawnmower the hairs are made of equal length. Crabbing prevents the unequal shrinkage of worsted. Lustering of sill is effected by stretching it beyond its original length. Scrooping gives the silk feel. iat ag W. France; area, 2729 sq. eS; produces flax, cereals, linen; capital, Quimper. Pop. 1921, 762,514. N.W. Spain; off which British. Cape, twice defeated French in 1747. LUS OF (Mathematics).—Deals with the changes in value which arise in functions as a result of finite changes in the value of the variables on which the functions depend. It is thus different from the Differential Calculus, which is concerned with the limits of the ratios. of the increments of mutually dependent quantities as these increments become indefinitely small.