under farmer

[Pref. under-, and English farmer.] A farmer working under the direction of another one. ŭn-der-feēd, v. t. [Pref. under-, and English feed, v.] To feed insufficiently. "The fan a ticks strive to underfeed and starve it."Gauden: Tears of the Church , p. 363. *un-der-fěl-lōw, s. [Pref. under- , and Eng. fel low .] A mean fellow, a sorry wretch. "With much more busine than those under fellows had showed."- Sidney: Arcadia, bk. ii. un-der-fill-ing, s . [Pref. under- , and Eng. fill ing .] The lower part of a building. (See extract under SUBSTRUCTION.) *un-der-fol-lōw, v . t . [Pref. under- , and Eng. follow .] To follow, to accompany. "And thi mercy shall underfollowe me." - Wycliffe : Psalm xxii. 6. *un-der-fõng', *un-der-fonge, v . t . [A.S. under fan gen to receive, to undertake, to support; under =under, and fang an (pa. t. fong ) =to take.] 1. To undertake, to manage. "And looser songs of loue to underfong." Spenser: Shepherd's Calendar; Nov. 2. To entrap, to ensnare. "Thou, Menalcas, that by thy treachery Didst underfong my lady to wexe so light." IMG:content-0056.png:[blocks in formation] *un-der-beär', v . t . [Prefix under- , and English bear, v.] 1. To support, to endure. "Patient underbearing of his fortune." Shakesp.: Richard II ., 1. 4. underborne "Then, having disembowelled him, we cut off strips of undercut."- Field , Dec. 26, 1885. un-der-cut, v. t. [Prefix under-, and English cut, v.] To undersell. A. As adverb: I. Ordinary Language: 1. Under the feet; underneath. 2. Beneath, below; in or into subjection. Naut .: Under ship's bottom. (Said of an *un-der-dě greed, adj . [Pref. under ; English anchor which is dropped while the ship has head degree, and suff. inferior rank or degree. "At the mercy of every under degreed sinner."-Richard- son: Clari a, iv. 48. un-der-ditch, v. t. [Pref. under- , and English ditch , v.] Agricult.: To form a deep ditch or trench in, in order to drain the surface. chin, bench; go, gem; thin, this; way.) *B. As adj .: Low, bare, abject. "The most dejected, most underfoot , and down trodden va als of perdition." - Milton: Reform. in Eng ., bk. ii. *un-der-foot', v . t . [Pref. under- , and Eng. foot , v.] To underpin (q. v.). sin, aş; expect, Xenophon, exist. ph = f. IMG:content-0057.png:[blocks in formation] underground-railway, s. A railway wholly or in a large part beneath the street surface of a city. London is now tunneled by a network of subterra- nean railways, extending to the suburbs. The first portion of the Metropolitan Railway, from Bishop's Road to Farring don Street, was opened Jan. 10, 1863. The term was originally applied in the United States before the abolition of slavery to the organ- ized means for a isting fugitive slaves to escape to the free states of the Union, or to Canada. Bot.: An organ in some plants popularly consid- ered a root because during the whole of its existence it remains below the ground, but which never the- le po e es a structure, showing that it is really thing beneath. [UNDERLAY, 8., 2.] "I sat within an undergrove Of tallest hollies." Words worth: Poems of the Fancy. ŭn-der-grow', v . i . [Pref. under- , and English grow .] To grow below the usual size or height. *un-der-grow-e, adj . [UNDER GROW.) Under- grown; below the usual stature. "For hardily she was not undergrowe." Chaucer: C. T. , 154. (Prol.) un-der-growth, s. [Prefix under- , and English or shrubs growing under larger ones. Of shrubs and tangling bushes had perplexed All path of man." Milton: P. L., iv. 175. ŭn-der-grub, v . t . [Prefix under- , and English Shakesp.: Tempest , iii. 1. *un-der-gō'-ing, a . [Pref. under- , and English going.] Enduring, suffering, patient, tolerant. "Which raised in me An undergoing stomach, to bear up Against what should ensue." 1. By secret means; in a clandestine manner; not openly. (Now generally in a bad sense, and op- posed to aboveboard , q. v.) "The wondrous love they bare him underhand!" Daniel : Civil Wars , i. 2. By fraud or fraudulent means; fraudulently. "Wood is still working underhand to force his half- pence upon us."- Swift : Drapier's Letters. 3. Cricket : Applied to a style of bowling in which the arm is not raised above the elbow; as, to bowl underhand. (Opposed to roundhand , q. v.) un-der-gone', pa . par . or a. [UNDERGO.] ŭn-der-göre, v . t. [Eng. under, and gore , v.] ing. 2. To support by setting something under. "Our souls have trode awry in all men's sight, We'll underlay 'em, till they go upright.' B. Intransitive : Mining: To incline from a perpendicular line. ŭn-der-lāy, 8. [UNDERLAY, v.] IMG:content-0058.png:[blocks in formation] B. In trans.: To lie or be situated lower. "Thence they beheld an underlying vale." Browne: Britannias Pastorals , ii. 2. ŭn-der-line', v . t . [Prefix under- , and English IMG:content-0059.png:[blocks in formation] or else of a with to under hang himself."-P. Holland: Plutarch , p. 871. *ŭn-der-head, s. [Prob. for dunderhead .] A "Under heads may stumble without dishonor." - Browne . *ŭn-der-heave', v . t . [Pref. under- , and English IMG:content-0060.png:[blocks in formation] IMG:content-0061.png:[blocks in formation] The American Dictionary and Cyclopedia IMG:content-0063.png:[blocks in formation] 3. An after-dinner sleep or nap; a siesta. "The forty years' under me ale of the seven sleepers."- "To undermine his happy state." Words worth: Excursion, bk. vi. A time of day, used rather vaguely. In Chaucer, it denotes some hour of the forenoon, prob. about 11 a. m.; in the Ancren Riwle , p. 24, it means 9 a. m. "Betwixt under on and noon was the feld all wonnen." Robert de Brunne , p. 18. un-der-neath', * un-der-net he, adv . & prep. [Pref. under-, and Eng. neath .] A. As adv.: Beneath; below; in a lower place. "Sullen Mole, that runneth underneath." Milton: College Exercise. B. As prep.: Beneath, below, under. "Underneath the grove of sycamore." Shakesp.: Romeo and Juliet, i. 1. ün-der-niçe'-ne , s. [Pref. under-, and Eng. nicene .] A want of nicene , delicacy or fastid- iousne . "Why underneme ye not your brethren for their tres- pa e after the law of the gospel?'-Jack Upland. *un-der-nome, pret . & pa.par . [UNDERN I ME.] *un-dern-tide, s. [A. S. under - tid .] The same as UNDERN (q. v.). *ŭn-der-ô-gat-ing, a . [Pref. un- (1), and Eng. derogating.] Not derogating; not acting beneath one's rank or position. Scott: Marmion, iv. (Introd.) *un-dě-rog-a-tōr-ý, a . [Pref. un- (1), and Eng. derogatory .] Not derogatory; not diminishing or degrading. what we shall po e ." -Boyle: Works, i. 283. "To create in us apprehensions unde rogatory from A subordinate or inferior part or character. un-der-part, s . [Pref. under- , and Eng. part , s.] themselves."-Goldsmith: E ay i. "There were several others playing underparts by ŭn-der-pāy, v . t . [Pref. under- , and Eng. pay , v.] To pay insufficiently or inadequately. *ŭn-der-peër', v.t. [Pref. under- , and Eng. peer "He drank and wel his girdel under pight ." Chaucer: C. Т., 5,210. B. As pa . par .: Fixed or supported underneath. "Nor yet repent we our glory, with hope whereof we for this present tyme are aduaunced and underpyght ."- Udall: Romaines v. "Victors, to secure themselves against disputes of that kind, underpin their acquest jure bell i.' " -Hale : Hist . Common Law . un-der-pin-ning, s. [Eng. underpin; -ing.] 1. The act of one who underpins; the act of sup- porting or propping up a wall, bank of earth, ., by introducing masonry, timbers, ., beneath. 3. A system of sinking brick-lined shafts. ŭn-der-pinş, s. pl . The legs. ( Slang .) un-der-plāin, s. [Pref. under , and Eng. plain , s.] A plain beneath or at a lower level. "For her avail, upon the underplaines A hundred springs a hundred waves should swim." Browne: Britannias Pastorals , ii. ŭn-der-plāy', v. i. [Pref. under, and English play , v.] *1. Ord . Lang .: To play in an inferior manner. 2. Whist : To play, as a low card, in place of a higher one, which might have been played, thereby losing a trick in the hope of securing a future advantage; to fine e. "And as a cauldron, under put with stone of fire, and wrought With boyling of a well-fed brawne, up leaps his wave Chapman: Homer's Iliad , xxi. IMG:content-0064.png:[blocks in formation] IMG:content-0065.jpg:[blocks in formation] IMG:content-0066.jpg:[blocks in formation] To her redoubled that her undersong Which said, their bridale day should not be long." Spenser: Prothalamion. 2. A subordinate strain; an underlying meaning. "The unceasing rill Murmurs sweet undersong 'mid jasmin bowers." Cole ridge: To Mr. J. Cottle. IMG:content-0067.jpg:[blocks in formation] IMG:content-0068.jpg:[blocks in formation] IMG:content-0069.png:[blocks in formation] "I nam'd them as they pa 'd, and understood Their nature." Milton: P. L. , viii. 352. 3. To be informed or receive notice of; to learn. ( Shakesp .: As You Like It , ii. 7.) IMG:content-0070.png:[blocks in formation] IMG:content-0071.jpg:[graphic] IMG:content-0072.png:[blocks in formation] IMG:content-0073.png:[blocks in formation] ün-der-stroke', v. t. [Pref. under-, and stroke, v.] To underline, to underscore. "You have under stroked that offensive word, to show that it is to be printed in italics."- Swift : To the Duche of Queens bury, March 20, 1752. un-der-stud-ý, s . [Pref. under- , and English study. An actor or actre who studies a part allotted to another performer, so as to be ready to undertake it in case of nece ity. "His understudy, Stone, was in bed with the measles." Referee, May 1, 1887. un-der-stud-ỹ, v. t. & i. [UNDERSTUDY, 8.] A. Trans.: To study with the view of being ready to perform if nece ary. "It was arranged that she should understudy the part, and be ready to take the place of her rival if for any cause she could not appear." -Pall Mall Gazette . B. In trans.: To study a part allotted to another performer, so as to be ready to undertake it in case of nece ity. "Now here is a good example of understudying , and with a big part, too." -Referee , April 4, 1886. un-der-tāk-a-ble, adj. [Eng. under tak(e); -able.] Capable of being undertaken. "It was undertakable by a man of very mean, that is, of my abilities." -Chilling worth: Religion of Protestants. (Dedic.) ŭn-der-tāke' (pa. tense #undertok , * under toke , undertook , pa. participle * undertake , undertaken , *undertane), v. t. & i. [Prefix under- , and English take .] A. Transitive : 1. To take upon one's self; to take upon one's seif formally; to lay one's self under obligations or enter into stipulations to perform or execute; to pledge one's self to; to charge one's self with. "To undertake the busine for us." Shakesp.: Winter's Tale, iv. 4. *2. To take upon one's self; to a ume. "His name and credit shall you undertake." Shakesp .: Taming of the Shrew , iv. 2. 3. To engage in; to enter upon; to begin to per form; to take in hand. "I will undertake one of Hercules' labors." Shakesp.: Much Ado about Nothing , ii. 1. *4. To engage with; to have to do with. "You'll undertake her no more." Shakesp.: Merry Wives, iii. 5. *5. To take or have the charge or care of. "Sir Nicolas Vaux, Who undertakes you to your end." Shakesp.: Henry VIII., ii. 1. *6. To take in; to hear, to understand, to know. (Spenser: F. Q. , V. iii. 34.) *7. To warrant; to answer for; to guarantee. (Shakesp.: Love's Labor's Lost, iv. 2.) B. Intransitive: 4279 3. Specif., a tradesman who furnishes everything nece ary for funerals. "His appearance has a stronger effect on my spirits than an undertaker's shop." - Goldsmith: Good-Natured Man , i. II. History: 1. Eng . ( pl .): A name given, about 1610, to certain members of the British Parliament who profe ed to understand the temper of Parliament, and undertook to facilitate King James' dealings with it by putting their knowledge at his service. 2. Scots : A name given to one of a party of Low land adventurers, who, in the reign of James VI., by authority of the crown, attempted to colonize some of the He brides, and so displace the original Celtic population. ( Scott .) un-der-tāk-ing, pr. par., a. & 8. [UNDERTAKE.] A. & B. As pr. par. & particip. adj.: (See the verb.) C. As substantive: 1. The act of one who undertakes or engages to do any busine , office, or duty. "That which is required of each one to war des the under taking of this aduenture." -Hackluyt : Voyages , iii. 185. 2. That which a person undertakes; a busine , work, office, or project which a person undertakes, engages, or attempts to do; an enterprise. "How hard an undertaking it is to do justice to Homer." -Pope: Homer's Iliad. (Postscript.) 3. A promise, an engagement, an obligation, a guarantee. 4. The busine or occupation of an undertaker or manager of funerals.