Errors, Comedy of

See Comedy of Errors. Ersch (ersh), Johann Samuel. Born at Gro glogau, Pru ia, June 23, 1766: died at Halle, - Pru ia, Jan. 16, 1828. A German bibliographer and encyclopedist, the founder of German bibliography. In a ociation with J. G. Gruber, he originated the "All gem eine Encyklopädie der Wi enschaften und Künste" (1818-90). - Erskine (érsk'in), Ebenezer. Born at Dryburgh, Berwickshire, Scotland, June 22, 1680: died at Stirling, Scotland, June 2, 1754. A clergyman of the Established Church, and afterward of the Sece ion Church in Scotland. A sermon which, as moderator of his synod, he preached at Stirling, Oct. 18, 1732, caused such di atisfaction, from his censure of prevailing doctrinal errors and of tyrannous exercise of patronage, that he and three adherents, William Wilson, Alexander Moncrieff, and James Fisher, were in Nov., 1733, removed from their pastorates. These four "Sece ion Fathers," the earliest di enters from the national church, formed themselves into a presbytery at Gairney Bridge, Kinro -shire, Dec. 5, 1733. 下 Erskine, John. Born in 1695: died at Card ro , near Dumb art on, Scotland, March 1, 1768. A Scottish jurist. His chief works are "Principles of the Law of Scotland" (1754) and "Institute of the Law of Scotland" (1773). Erskine, John. Born at Edinburgh, June 2, 1721: died at Edinburgh, Jan. 19, 1803. A Scottish clergyman and theological writer, son of John Erskine (1695-1768). He was the leader of the evangelical party of his time, and edited for publication in Scotland the works of Jonathan Edwards and other Americans. Erskine, Ralph. Born March 15, 1685: died at Dun ferm line, Scotland, Nov. 6, 1752. A Scottish clergyman, brother of Ebenezer Erskine. He was the author of "Gospel Sonnets," which reached the 25th edition in 1795. and Achaia, Greece, the haunt of the fabled Erymanthian boar, killed by Hercules. Erythræ (er'i-thre). [Gr. Ερυθραί .] In ancient geography, an Ionian city of Asia Minor, situ ated oppos it opposite Chios 35 miles west of Smyrna. Erythræa. See Eritrea . Erythræan Sea. [L. Mare Erythræum , or Mare Rubrum , Red Sea.] In ancient geography, a name given to the Arabian Sea, or to the Indian Ocean including the Red Sea and Persian Gulf. Eryx (ē'riks). [Gr. " Ἔρυξ .] In ancient geography, a city and mountain in western Sicily, the modern Monte San Giuliano, 41 miles west of Palermo. It contained a temple of Venus. It was captured by Pyrrhus in 278 B. C., and was held by Hamilcar in the first Punic war. See Monte San Giuliano . Erzerum (erz-röm'). 1. A vilayet of Asiatic Turkey, bordering on Transcaucasia, Ru ia. Area, 29,614 square miles. Population (1885), 645,702.-2. The capital of the vilayet of Erzerum, situated on the Kara-Su (the north branch of the Euphrates), over 6,000 feet above sea-level, in lat. 39° 56′ N., long. 41° 15′ E. It is an important trading center and fortre , and is noted for its metal-work. Its early name was Theodosiopolis. It belonged in the middle ages to the Byzantine empire, the Arabs, the Seljuks, and the Mongols in turn. In 1829 it was taken by the Ru ian general Paskevitch, but was restored to the Turks. It was surrendered to the Ru ians ulation, estimated, 60,000. Also spelled Erzeroum, Erz in Feb., 1878, but was again restored to the Turks. Pop room. Erzgebirge (erts' geber-ge), or Ore Mountains. A range of mountains on the border between Saxony and Bohemia, extending from the Elbe to the Fichtelgebirge. Highest summit. the Keilberg, 4,080 feet. Length, about 90 miles. They are celebrated for their mineral deposits. Esarhaddon (e-sär-had'on). [A yr. Ašur - aha iddin , Asur has given a brother.] King of As syria 680-668 B. C., the son and succe or of Sennacherib. The reign of this king marks the highest glory and power of the A yrian empire. He first had to quell the disturbance caused by the a a ination of his father at the hands of his sons A dram me lech and Sharezer (2 Ki. xix. 37, Isa. xxxvii. 38). Then he restored the city of Babylon, which had been destroyed by his father. His expeditions extended from Cilicia, and from frontier of Elam to Arabia, and reached even to Egypt. Among the kings subject to him he enumerates, in his prism-inscription of 673, Baal, king of Tyre, Mana eh of Judah, Kausgabri of Edom, Muzuri of Moab, etc. Three years before this he destroyed Sidon. His most significant conquest was that of Egypt. After several campaigns he defeated Tarku (biblical Tirhakah), the third of the 25th or Ethiopian dynasty, in the battle of Memphis (671), and practically converted Egypt and Ethiopia into an A yrian province. He drove the Ethiopians out of Egypt, divided the country into districts, and placed over them submi ive though mostly native rulers, chief among whom was Necho, who was put over Sais and Memphis. He added then to his many titles that of "King of Kings of Lower and Upper Egypt and Ethiopia." Like all the Sar Esher Escholzmatt (esh'õlts-mät). A village in the canton of Lucerne, Switzerland, 20 miles southwest of Lucerne. Eschscholtz (esh's holts), Johann Fried rich von. Born at Dorpat, Ru ia, Nov. 12, 1793: died there, May 19, 1834. A German traveler and naturalist, profe or of anatomy at Dorpat. He accompanied, as physician and naturalist, Kotzebue's expeditions 1815-18 and 1823. He published "Zoo log is cher Atlas" (1829-31), "System der Acalephen" (1829), etc. Eschscholtz Bayem Named for J.von Eschscholtz.] A part of Kotzebue Sound, on the western shore of Alaska. Eschwege (esh'va-ge). An ancient town in the province of He e-Na au, Pru ia, situated on the Werra 26 miles southeast of Ca el. contains a castle. Population (1890), 9,776. It Eschwege, Wilhelm Ludwig von. Born near Eschwege, He e, Nov. 15, 1777: died at Wolf sanger, near Ca el, Feb. 1, 1855. A German mineralogist. In 1803 he was put in charge of govern ment iron-works in Portugal, and in 1809 followed the court to Brazil, where made director of gold-mines and curator of the government mineralogical cabinet. From 1829 to 1834 he resided in Germany; subsequently (to 1850) he was again in the employ of Portugal as a min ing engineer, attaining the rank of lieutenant-field-marshal. His principal works are "Journal von Brasilien " (1818-19), "Pluto Bras i liens is" (1833), and "Beiträge zur Gebirgskunde Bras i liens" (1832). Eschweiler (esh'vi-ler). A town in the Rhine Province, Pru ia, situated on the Inde 9 miles northeast of Aix-la-Chapelle. It has foundries and important factories. Population (1890), commune, 18,119. Escobar (es-kō-bär'), Patricio. A Paraguay an politician, minister of war 1874, and president of the republic Nov. 25, 1886,-Nov. 25, 1890. Escobar y Mendoza (es-kō-bär'ē men-dō'zä), Antonio, Born at Valladolid, Spain, 1589: died July 4, 1669. A Spanish Jesuit, celebrated as a casuist, especially for his doctrine that purity of intention justifies actions in themselves immoral and even criminal. He wrote "San Ignacio de Loyola (1613: a heroic poem), "Liber Theolog iæ moral is, etc." (1646), etc. Escobedo (es-ko-ba'do), Mariano. Born in Nuevo Leon, Jan. 12, 1827: died May 22, 1902. A Mexican general. He joined the army during the Mexican war (1847), and distinguished himself as a brigadier-general in resisting the French invasion1861-63. Early in 1865 he entered northern Mexico from the United States, and took Monterey. Advancing against Maximilian's forces, he defeated Miramon at San Jacinto, Feb. 1, 1867, and, being made commander-in chief of the republican armies, defeated and captured the emperor Maximilian at Querétaro, May 15, 1867. He signed the order for Maximilian's execution, June 16. From Aug. to Nov., 1876, he was minister of war under Lerdo, and he went with him into exile. In 1880 he again accepted office under the government, but retired in 1884. burgh, Oct. 13, 1788: died there, March 20, 1870. A Scottish theological writer. He wrote "Internal Evidence for the Truth of Revealed Religion" (1820). Erskine, Thomas, Baron Erskine. Born at Edinburgh, Jan. 21, 1750: died at Almondell, near Edinburgh, Nov. 17, 1823. A British jurist and forensic orator. He was the youngest son of the tenth Earl of Buchan. He attained celebrity as a pleader in supporting charges of corruption advanced against Lord Sandwich, and subsequently distinguished himself especially in his defense of Stockdaie (1789), Thomas Paine (1792), and Hardy, Horne Tooke, etc. (1794). He represented Portsmouth in the House of Commons from 1790 till raised to the peerage as Baron Erskine, of Rest or mel, on his being made lord chancellor in Lord Grenville's administration (Feb., 1806,-April, 1807). Erstein (er's tin). A town in Alsace, on the III 13 miles south-southwest of Strasburg. Population (1890), 4,807. Ertang (er'tang). See the extract and Mani . But Manee went a step further. He avowed himself to be the Paraclete or Comforter foretold by the Saviour, and composed a gospel which he called the Ertang, which was illustrated by pictures drawn by his own hand: he claimed that the Ertang should take precedence of the New Testament. It was this false move that really led to the violent opposition which the Christian church displayed towards the Persian prophet. Benjamin , Story of Persia, p. 186. Ertoghrul (er'to-gröl). Died in 1288. A Turkish chief, father of Othman the founder of the Ottoman empire. He was the chief of a band of Oghuz Turks which had left Khorasan under his father, and which under the leadership of Ertoghrul entered the service of Ala-ed-Din, sultan of Iconium. He defeated a mixed army of Greeks and Mongols in a great battle between Brusa and Yen is cheer. Erycina (er-i-si'nä). [Gr. Ἐρυκίνη : from Mount Eryx, in Sicily.]" A surname of Aphrodite or Venus. Erymanthus (er-i-manthus). [Gr. Ἐρυμανθός .] A mountain-range on the border of Arcadia restoration of Babylon may be mentioned his great palace in Nineveh, for the construction of which 22 subject kings had to provide the material, and which, as the excavations in the mounds of Kuyunjik and Nebi-yunus have shown, was adorned with winged lions and bulls and sphinxes. In 668 Esarhaddon abdicated in favor of his son As urban i pal. Esau (ē'sa). (Heb., 'hairy, "rough.'] The son of Isaac and Rebekah, and elder brother of Jacob. He was the ancestor of the Edomites. Escalera (es-kä-lā'rä), Antonio de. Born in Toledo, Spain, 1506: died in Ciudad Real de Guayra, Sept. 6, 1575. A Spanish priest who went to Paraguay with Cabeza de Vaca in 1540, and was active there as a leader of explorations and conquests. He founded Ciudad Real de Guayra, and after 1570 resided there. He wrote several memoirs relating to the conquest, which have been published by the Madrid Academy of History. Escalona, Duke of. See Lopez Pacheco Ca brer a y Bobadilla , Diego . Escalus (es'ka-lus). 1. In Shakspere's "Measure for Measure," an old lord.-2. In Shakspere's "Romeo and Juliet," the Prince of Verona. Escanes (es'ka-nēz). A lord of Tyre, in Shakspere's "Pericles." Eschenbach, Wolfram von. See Wolfram von Eschenbach. Eschenburg (esh'en-börg), Johann Joachim. Born at Hamburg, Dec. 7, 1743: died at Brunswick, Germany, Feb. 29, 1820. A German literary historian, profe or at the Carolinum in Brunswick: a friend of Le ing. He translated Shakspere's plays (1775-82 and 1798–1806). Eschenmayer (esh'en-mi-er), Karl August. Born at Neuenburg, Würtemberg, July 4, 1768: died at Kirchheim unter Teck, Würtemberg, Nov. 17, 1852. A German metaphysician, profe or of philosophy and medicine, and later of practical philosophy, at Tübingen 1811-36. He wrote "Religionsphilosophie” (1818–24), etc. A political party in Mexico which was prominent from 1826 to 1829. It was so called because its principal leaders were members of the Scottish Rite Lodge of freemasons. The Escocezes were centralists, and were accused of favoring a foreign dynasty. Nicolas Bravo became the leader of the party. Escorial (es-köʻri-al), le properly Escurial (es-kuri-al). [Sp. el Escorial .] A celebrated building in Spain, situated 27 miles northwest of Madrid, containing a monastery, palace, church, and mausoleum of the Spanish sovereigns. The edifice originated in a vow to St. Lawrence made by Philip II. at the battle of St.-Quentin (1557), and was erected in 1563-84. Its general form is that of a gridiron (in memory of St. Lawrence's martyrdom), the length being about 780 feet and the breadth about 620. It is celebrated for its paintings and library. Escosura (es-kō-sö'rä), Patricio de la. Born at Madrid, Nov. 5, 1807: died Jan. 22, 1878. A Spanish statesman and writer. Esdraelon (es-dra-e'lon or es-drā'e-lon), or Plain of Jezreel. The scriptural name for a valley in Palestine extending from MountGilboa westward to Mount Carmel. It has been a noted battle-field in ancient and modern times, from Gideon's victory over the Midi a nites to Napoleon's over the Turks (1799). Esdras (ez'dras). The Greek form of the name Ezra. Esdras, Books of. The first two of the books of the Apocrypha (which see). The first book consists, to a large extent, of matter compiled or transcribed from the books of Chronicles, Ezra, and Nehemiah. The second is mainly of an apocalyptic character. Esens (a'zenz). The chief place in Harl in ger land, province of Hannover, Pru ia, 15 miles north-northeast of Aurich. Eshbaal (esh-ba'al). See Ishbosheth. Eshcol (esh'kol). [Heb., ‘a bunch' or 'cluster.] A valley near Hebron, in Palestine, from which the spies sent by Moses to search out the land (Num. xiii.) brought back fine grapes and other fruits. Esher (esh'er). A village in Surrey, England. IMG:content-0470.png:[blocks in formation]