Ardebil

See Ardabil. Ardèche (är-dāsh'). A department of France, capital Privas, bounded by Loire on the north, by Drôme (separated by the Rhone) on the east, by Gard on the south, and by Lozère and HauteLoire on the west: formed chiefly from the ancient Vivarais. It is mountainous, containing the cul. minating point of the Cévennes, and is rich in iron, coal, and other minerals. Area, 2,134 square miles. Population (1891), 371,269. Ardèche. A small river in the department of Ardèche, France, which joins the Rhone 26 miles northwest of Avignon. Ardei, or Ardai (är'di). The western part of the Haar, a range of hills in Westphalia north of the Ruhr. Ardekan (är-de-kän'). A town in Persia, 135 miles east of Ispahan. Population, 8,000 to 9,000. Channel, Gulf of Boothia, Lancaster Sound, Baffin Bay, Finch, counte of Win chelsea. Smith Sound, White Sea, Kara Sea, Barentz Gulf of Enoch. See Enoch Arden . reached, 86° 33′ (Abruzzi). Arctic Explorers. See under Frobisher , Davis , xplorers. Hudson, Baffin , Scores by, Cook, Bar- Barentz, Hudson, row , Parry, Franklin , Banks , Ro , McClure, McClintock , Kane, Hall , Hayes , Payer , Mark- ham , Nordenskjöld , ham, Nordenskjöld, Schwatka, De Long, Greely, Grinnell , Nares , Nansen , Peary, Grin Arctic, The. A first-cla pa enger steamship can line of steamships), which was sunk by col belonging to the Collins Line (the first lision in the Atlantic in 1854. Arctinus (ärk-ti'nus). [Gr. Ἀρκτίνος .] A Greek poet of Miletus (about 776 в. с.), author of the evelic cyclic poem "Æthiopis": the “oldest certainly known epic poet." He was said to be a pupil of Homer. Arcturus (ärk-tūrus). [L., from Gr. Ἀρκτοῦ pos , Arcturus, lit. bear-ward, from άρκτος , α bear, the Great Bear, and ούρος , ward, guard, keeper.」 keeper.] A yellow star in the northern hemisphere, the fourth in order of brightne in the entire heavens. It is situated between the thighs of Bootes, behind the Great Bear, and is easily found in fol lowing out curve of the bear's tail. In the southern hemisphere it may be recognized by its forming a nearly equilateral triangle with Spica and Denebola. It is called by astronomers a Boötis . Arcueil (är-key'). A village in the department of Seine, France, situated on the Bièvre 1 mile Arcus Julian us. Near it are the ruins of an ancient Roman aqueduct on the site of which another was built bourg. On top of this aqueduct another was built in in 1613-24 to convey water to the gardens of the Luxem south of the fortifications of Paris: the ancient 1868-72. Population (1891), 6,088. Arco dei Leoni (ärkō dã'e lā-ōnē). [It., 'arch of the lions.'] A Roman double-arched the department of Yonne, France, situated near Arcy-sur-Cure (är-se'sür-kür'). A village in gateway in Verona, probably of the 3d century Ver ment on: famous for its stalactite grottos. 4. D., one arch of which is destroyed. It is of Ardabil (är-da-bel'), or Ardebil (är-de-bel'). light and graceful proportions. On each side of the arch there is a Corinthian column; above there is a story with three openings between pilasters. The top story had col situated on the Kara-Su in lat. 38° 14′ N., long. A town in the province of Azerbaijan, Persia, umns with spiral fluting, one of which remains. 48° 19′ E. Population, 15,000 (?). A Ardahan (är-da-hän'). A fortre in Ru ian Arden (ärden). An English forest which in former times extended through War wicks hire and other midland counties of England. Malone and other editors of Shakspere have held that the Forest of Arden of "As you Like it" was the Forest of Ardennes in French Flanders. Wherever the scene of the play was the bits of description that it is the English forest that Shakspere meant, though the characters are French. Arden of Fever sham. 1. A tragedy first attributed to Shakspere. According to Fleay, who printed (anonymously) in 1592, and one time dates it 1585, there is some ground for attributing it to Kyd. Tieck translated it into German as Shakspere's work. "It is a domestic tragedy of a peculiarly atrocious kind, Alice Arden, the wife, being led by her pa ion for a base paramour, Mosbie, to plot, and at last carry out, the murder of her husband. Here it is not that the versification has much resemblance to Shakes pere's, or that single speeches, smack of him, but that the dramatic grasp of character both in principals and in secondary characters has a distinct touch of his almost unmistakable hand. Yet both in the selection and in the treatment of the subject the play definitely transgre es those principles which have been said to exhibit themselves so uniformly and so strongly in the whole great body of his undoubted plays." Saints bury , Hist. of Elizabeth an Lit., p. 424. 2. A tragedy, founded on the earlier one, by George Lillo in 1736. It was played first in 1759. It was practically unfinished and was altered and revised by Dr. John Hoadley in 1762. It was produced in this form in 1790. Ardennes (är-den'). A department of France, capital Mézières, bounded by Belgium on the north and northeast, by Meuse on the east, by Marne on the south, and by Aisne on the west: formed largely from part of the ancient ChamIt produces iron, marble, slate, etc. pagne. Area, 2,020 square miles. Population (1891), IMG:content-0114.png:[blocks in formation] IMG:content-0115.png:[blocks in formation] IMG:content-0116.png:[blocks in formation] Arenberg (ä'ren-berg), or Aremberg (ä' (ä'rem- Are quip a, or Mistí (mēs-tē'). A semi-active berg), Prince August August Marie Raymond von. volcano of the Andes, 19,200 feet high, high, near the Born at Bru els, Aug. ug. 30, 1753: died there, city of Are quip a. pa. Ascended by by Pick ering. Sept. 26, 1833. An Austrian general, brother Ares (a'rēz). [Gr. [Gr. Ἄρης.] In Greek mythology, of Engelbert Ludwig von Arenberg. He was elected to the French States-General 1789, and was a friend of Mirabeau, upon whose death he emigrated to Austria. He obtained the rank of major-general in the Austrian army, and was employed by the Austrian government in negotiations with the French. Arenberg, Engelbert Ludwig, Duke of. Born July 3, 1750: died at Bru els, March 7, 1820. He lost his po e ions west of the Rhine by the Peace of Lunéville (1801), receiving Meppen and Reckling hausen in compensation (1803). Arenberg, Karl Leopold, Duke of. Born 1721: died 1775. A commander in the Austrian ser- vice, son of Leopold Philipp Karl Arenberg. He led the right wing of the Austrians at Hochkirchen in 1758, and was defeated by Wünsch in 1759. Arenberg, Leopold Philipp Karl, Duke of. Born 1690: died 1754. A commander in the Austrian service. He fought under Prince Eugene at Belgrad in 1717, and obtained the rank of field-marshal in 1737, with the command of the army in Flanders. Arenberg-Meppen (ä'ren-berg-mep'en). A German duchy, forming the circle (kreis) of Meppen, province of Hanover, Pru ia. Arenberg-Meppen, Prosper Ludwig, Duke of. Born April 28, 1785: died Feb. 27, 1861. A son of Engelbert Ludwig von Arenberg. He became Ardoye (är-dwä'). A town in the province of West Flanders, Belgium, 29 miles southwest of Ghent. Population (1890), 6,144. Ardres (ärd'r). A town in the department of Pas-de-Calais, France, 9 miles southeast of Calais. Near here was the meeting on the "Field of the Cloth of Gold" (which see) between Francis I. and Henry VIII. in 1520. See Balinghem . As urban i pal, king of As syria (668-626 в. с.), relates in his annals that Gyges rebelled against him, but that his son Ardys, in consequence of the invasion of Lydia by the Cimmerians, submitted to him and invoked his help. duke of Arenberg in 1803, was deprived of his sovereignty by Napoleon in 1810 (receiving in 1813, as an indemnifica- Arendal (ä'ren-däl). A seaport in the stift of Christians and, Norway, situated at the mouth of the Nid-Elv 40 miles northeast of Christian- sand: sometimes called "Little Venice." It exports woodenware and iron. Population (1891), 4,447. Arenenberg (ä-ra'nen-berg). A castle of the Bonapartes, situated in the canton of Thur- govie, Switzerland, on the Unter See 6 miles Areson (ä're-son), Jon. Born 1484: died 1550. An Icelandic poet and Roman Catholic bishop. Aretæus (ar-e-tē'us). [Gr. Ἀρεταῖος .] Born in Cappadocia: lived in the 1st (2d?) century A. D. A celebrated Greek physician and med i- cal writer. He was the author of a treatise on the causes, symptoms, and cure of acute and chronic diseases, in eight books, of which only a few chapters are lost. Arensburg (ä'rens-börg). A seaport in the island of Osel, Livonia, Ru ia, situated on the southern coast. Population, about 3,000. Arenys de Mar (ä-ra-nes' da mär). A seaport in the province of Barcelona, Spain, situated on the Mediterranean 29 miles northeast of Arethusa. In Beaumont and Fletcher's play "Phil aster,” a prince , a woman of the great- est self-abnegation and womanly devotion. Aretin (ä-re-ten'), Baron Chris toph von. Born i at Ingolstadt, Dec. 2, 1773: died at Munich, Dec. 24, 1824. A Bavarian political and legal writer. He was appointed librarian of the Central bib Aretin, Baron Karl Maria von. Born at Wetzlar, July 4, 1796: died at Berlin, April 29, 1868. A Bavarian historical writer, son of Areopagite, The. See Dionysius . Areopagitic tic a (ar"ē-ō-pa-jit'i-kä), or Speech Speech for the Liberty Liberty of ty of Unlicensed Printing. A pamphlet by John Milton, published in 1644. Aretino, Guido. See Guido d'Arezzo. "The most splendid argument, perhaps, the world had Aretino, Leonardo. See Bruni , Leonardo . then witne ed in behalf of intellectual liberty." Pres- Aretino (ä-rā-tēnō), Pietro. Born at Arezzo, cott, Hist. Ferd. and Isa., III. 191 (1856). IMG:content-0117.png:[blocks in formation] rated by a depre ion of ground. On the south Italy. Area, 1,273 square miles. Population side near the top there is a flight of fifteen rock-cut steps, and portions of the summit are hewn smooth to Arezzo. The capital of the province of Arezzo, Borm form platforms, doubtle for altars. Upon this hill sat the famous court of the same name, which originally ex- the famous courtory in all matters, and under the developed A then i an constitution retained jurisdiction in cases of life and death and in religious concerns, and ex- ercised a general censorship. From the slope of the Are- of the Agora below. base of the steep rock, on bottom of which lies a dark pool of water. This was the famed Shrine of the Furies (Eumenides). The Areopagus was named from the tradition that here Ares (Mars) was building to Cuzco. The plain, watered by irrigation, is and with Lake Titicaca, 218 miles, and another road is Argæus (är-jeus), Mount. Gr. Ἀργαῖος. 7 Ghana very fertile, and the city has a large trade. It is an epis- copal town, and the seat of a university and two collegios Argali a (är-gä-le'ä). The brother of Angelica He entirely destroyed by that of Aug. 13, 1868. In 1856 and 1857 the city was President Castilla. The cathedral is a large building and which finally came into the po e ion of Astolpho. which has replaced the original cathedral of 1621, burned in 1844. The very wide front is divided at intervals by Argall (är'gal). Sir Samuel. Born at Bristol, He served under San Martin in the invasion of Chile and with sculptures. In the lower story there is no opening Lord Delaware thither in 1610, returning to England in (Dec. 6, 1820). In 1822 he commanded the garrison of Lima. with a single round arch in every face. The towers are crowned by low Pointed spires. Population, about 30,000. later as deputy governor. Argalus Argalus (är'ga-lus). In Sidney's romance "Arcadia," the husband of Par then i a. He was killed by Am phial us in single combat. Argalus and Par then i a. A pastoral tragedy by Henry Glapthorne, printed in 1639. Argam (är-gam'), or Argaum (är-gâm'). A village in Berar, British India, about lat. 21° 5' N., long. 76° 55′ E. Here Wellesley (later Duke of Wellington) defeated the Mahrattas Νον. 29, 1803. Argan (är-gon'). The principal character in Molière's "Malade Imaginaire," a hypochondriae whose mind is divided between his diseases, his remedies, and his desire to reduce his apothecary's bill. Argand (är-gon'), Aimé. Born at Geneva about the middle of the 18th century: died in Switzerland, Oct. 24, 1803. A Swi physician and chemist, inventor of the "Argand lamp." His first lamp was made in England about 1782. Argent an (är-zhon-ton'). A town in the department of Orne, France, situated on the Orne 21 miles north by west of Alençon. It has manufactures of gloves, etc., and has long been noted for its lace. It contains an ancient castle. Population (1891), commune, 6,247 . A town in the Argent a rio (är-jen-tä're-ō), or Argentaro. A promontory in Tuscany, Italy, which projects into the Mediterranean south of Gro eto. Argent at (är-zhon-tä'). A town in the depart- ment of Corrèze, France, situated on the Dor- dogne 14 miles southeast of Tulle. Population (1891), commune, 3,087. Argenteuil (är-zhon-tey'). department of Seine-et-Oise, France, situated on the Seine 6 miles northwest of Paris. It has a ruined priory, founded 656, at one time a nunnery of which Héloïse was abbe . Population (1891), commune, 13,339. Argentière (är-zhon-te-ar'). A village in the department of Haute-Savoie, France, 6 miles northeast of Chamonix, noted for the glacier of Argentière in the vicinity. Argandab (är-gän-däb'). A river in Afghan- istan, about 35 miles long, which joins the Argentière, Glacier d'. One of the largest gla- Helmund west of Kandahar.