Clahoquaht

See Tlaokwiaht. nally a comédienne, she became a tragédienne and enjoyed extraordinary popularity. She died in old age, poor and forgotten. Her "Mémoires" were published in 1799. Clairvaux (klar-vō'). A village in the department of Aube, France, situated on the river Aube 32 miles southeast of Troyes. It is cele. brated for its Cistercian abbey, whose first abbot was St. Bernard, 1115. The abbey buildings are now used for a prison. Clallam (klal'am). A tribe of North American Indians formerly living on the south side of Puget Sound, Washington, and on the southern end of Vancouver Island. They now number 351 souls, and are on the Puyallup reservation, Washington. See Salishan . Clamcoët. See Karankawan . Clamecy (kläm-se'). A town in the department of Nièvre, France, situated at the junction of the Beuvron with the Yonne, in lat. 47° 28′ N., long. 3° 31′ E. Population (1891), commune, 5,318. Clamet. See Klamath . Clandestine Marriage, The. A play by Gar- rick and Colman, produced Feb. 20, 1766. It was largely taken from an unprinted farce, "The False Concord," by the Rev. James Townley (1764). Clap (klap), Thomas. Born at Scituate, Ma ., June 26, 1703: died at New Haven, Conn., Jan. 7,1767. An American clergyman and educator, president (rector) of Yale College 1740-66. He was pastor at Windham, Connecticut, 1726-40. Claparède (klä-pä-rad'), Jean Louis René Antoine Edouard. Born at Geneva, April 24, 1832: died at Siena, Italy, May 31, 1870. A noted Swi naturalist. Clapham (klap'am). A southwestern suburb of London, situated on the south side of the Thames about 4 miles from Westminster Bridge. Its houses surround a common about 220 acres in extent, once a favorite location for fairs which were abolished in 1873. Walford . Clap is son (klä-pē-sôn'), Antoine Louis. Born at Naples, Sept. 15, 1808: died at Paris, March 19, 1866. A French composer of operas, songs, and romances. His works include the operas "La Promise" (1854), "La Fanchonnette" (1856), "Madame Gré goire" (1861), etc. Clapper ton (klap'er-ton), Hugh. Born at Annan, Scotland, 1788: died at Sakkatu, Africa, April 13, 1827. An African traveler. He was a lieutenant in the navy when Dr. Oudney and Denham started, in 1822, on their exploration of the Sudan. He accompanied them, and returned with Denham in 1824. In the same year, as commander, he proceeded, with Lan Claiborne (klā'bôrn), or Clay borne, William. Born in West more land, England, 1589(7): died in Virginia, 1676 (?). An American colonial politician. He emigrated to Virginia in 1621, and in 1625 became secretary of state for the colony. As the It. Chiara, Sp. Pg. Clara , F. Claire .] 1. The agent of Cloberry and Company of London, he established Hyacinthe of Molière's "Fourberies de Scapin" a trading-post in Kent Island in 1631. The trading-post in Otway's "Cheats of Scapin."- 2. The lover became the nucleus of a flourishing settlement, which in 12 sent a burge to the General A embly of Virginia. of Ferdinand in Sheridan's "Duenna." It was later (1634) claimed by Leonard Calvert, governor Clara, Saint. The founder of the order of Claof Maryland, as a part of that colony, and was long a subri es (which see). der and three other a istants, to the mouth of the Niger, and explored its course up to Sakkatu. The "Journal of this expedition was published in 1829. Clara (klar'ä). [L. clara , bright, illustrious; Claretie wrote "Poems descriptive of Rural Life and Scenery (1820), "The Village Minstrel "(1821), "Shepherd's Calendar" (1827), and "The Rural Muse" (1835). Clare, Richard de, or Richard Strong bow. Died 1176. The second Earl of Pembroke and Strigul. In May, 1170, he went to Ireland with a strong force to aid Dermot, king of Leinster, who had been driven from his kingdom, and captured Water ford and Dublin. He married Eva, daughter of Dermot, and became governor of Ireland in 1173. Clare, Richard de. Born Aug. 4, 1222: died near Canterbury, July 15, 1262. A powerful English noble, eighth Earl of Clare, also Earl of Hertford and Earl of Gloucester. Clare College. A college of the University of Cambridge, founded as University Hall in 1326, and refounded (as Clare Hall) in 1359 by Eliza beth de Clare (or de Burgh). The college buildings were begun in 1638. Clare Island. A small island on the west coast of Ireland. It lies at the entrance of Clew Bay, and forms part of the county of Mayo. Claremont (klar' mont). A manufacturing town in Sullivan County, New Hampshire, situated on the Connecticut River 45 miles northwest of Concord. Population (1900), 6,498. Claremont. A palace at Esher, Surrey, England, about 14 miles southwest of London, built by Lord Clive in 1768. It was the residence of Prince Leopold of Saxe-Coburg (later king of the Belgians) and Prince Charlotte, and of Louis Philippe 1848-50. Clarence (klar'ens), Dukes of. [ME. Clarence, from OF. Clarence; said to be from the MGr. Κλαρέντζα (It. Chiarenza , a once important port in Peloponnesus, which gave his ducal title to the eldest son of the Prince of Achaia), and to have come into England through Philippa, wife of Edward III. It was first given to Lionel, third son of Edward III. ( Chambers . ) ] )1 See Plantage net , and William IV . Clarence, Fitzroy. One of the pseudonyms of William Make peace Thackeray. Clarence Strait. A channel between Alaska and Prince of Wales Island. Length, 100 miles. Clarendon (klar'en-don), Earls of. See Hyde IMG:content-0351.png:[blocks in formation] Clarendon, Constitutions of. adopted at the Council of Clarendon in 1164, with a view to fixing the limits between the jurisdiction of the civil and ecclesiastical courts, and to abolishing abuses due to the encroachments of the Vatican. They provide that "disputes about advowsons and presentations shall be tried by the King's Court; that criminous clerks shall be tried by the king's courts, unle the justice sends the case to the ecclesi Cution of Charles I., Maryland and Virginia proclaimed Jean Baptiste, Comte de. Born at Paris, Charles II., whereupon Claiborne, at his own request, was in 1851 appointed by Parliament member of a commi ion June 16, 1777: died 1847. A French antiquary to reduce those colonies. The commi ioners reached and artist, author of "Musée de sculpture an- Virginia at the head of an English expedition in March, 1652, overthrew the Cavalier government, and established a Round head government with Richard Bennet as gov. ern or and Claiborne as secretary of state. In 1658, how ever, the province was restored to Lord Baltimore by the commonwealth. Claiborne, William Charles Cole. Born in Su ex County, Virginia, 1775: died at New Orleans, Nov. 23, 1817. An American politician. He was governor of Mi i ippi Territory 1802-04, of the tique et moderne” (1826–55), etc. Clärchen (klar'chen). [G., dim. of Clara .] A simple cottage girl in Goethe's tragedy "Egmont," in love with that hero. She takes poison when he dies. Clare (klar). A maritime county of Munster, Ireland, lying between Galway on the north, Tipperary on the east, Limerick on the south, as laymen; that no clergyman shall quit the realm without the consent of the king; that appeals from ecclesiastical courts shall go to the king, and, unle he consents that they shall go further, the disputes are to be terminated by his order in the court of the archbishop; that no tenant-in-chief or minister of the king shall be excommunicated without the consent of the king; that clergy shall hold their lands as tenants-in-chief, and perform all duties and attend the King's Court with the other tenants in-chief; that elections of archbishops, bishops, and abbots shall take place by order of the king in the King's Chapel, and that the man elected shall do homage for his lands before he is consecrated; and that sons of villeins shall not be consecrated without the consent of their lords" (1891), 124,483. Clairac (klā-räk'). A town in the department Clare, Earls of. See Fitzgibbon and Holles . of Lot-et-Garonne, France, situated on the Clare, Ada. Born at Charleston, S. C., 1836: Lot 56 miles ronteast of Bordeaux. Population died at New York, March 4, 1874. The pseu (1891), commune, 3,562. donym and stage name of Jane McElhenney, Clairaut, or Clairault (klā-rō'), Alexis Claude. an actre and writer. May 17, 1765. A celebrated French mat he- Summers on in Charles Dickens's "Bleak Born at Paris, May 13, 1713: died at Paris, Clare, Ada. The friend and charge of Esther matician. He was famous both for the strength and House." She marries Richard Car stone. the extraordinary precocity of his genius. At six years Clare, Lady Clare de. An English heire in of age he is said to have understood L'Hôpital's treatise Sir Walter Scott's poem “Marmion,” to obtain of Sciences a paper on certain curves which he had dis on infinitesimals; at twelve he read before the Academy whose hand Marmion ruins her lover, Ralph covered; and at eighteen he became a member of the de Will on. Academy. Among his best-known works is his analytical Clare, Elizabeth de. Died Nov. 4, 1360. The study of the problem "of the three bodies," and the ap. third daughter of Gilbert de Clare, ninth Earl plication of its results to the study of the moon and of Halley's comet. sur les of Clare. She was married three times - first to John de orbes comeble He also wrote Recherche la figure Burgh, son of the second Earl of Ulster, and after his de la terre" (1743), "Théorie de la lune," etc. (1752), "Redeath to Theobald, Lord Verdon, and again to Robert cherches sur les comètes des années 1531, 1607, 1682 et Damory, baron of Armoy. She was the founder of Clare College, Cambridge (originally University Hall). Clare, John. Born at Help stone, near Pe- terborough, England, July 13, 1793: died at 1759" (1760), etc. Clairfait. See Clerfayt . Clairon (klā-rôn'), Claire Hippolyte Josèphe terbor Condé, in Hainault, 1723: died at Paris, Jan. 18, 1803. A celebrated French actre . Origi. Clarendon, Council of. A council held in 1164. It was occasioned by the opposition of Thomas Becket to the ecclesiastical policy of Henry II., and comprised the king the bisher no bishops fort of the high constitutions of Clarendon It enacted the so-called "a sort of code or concordat, in sixteen chapters, which included not merely a system of definite rules to regulate the disposal of the criminal clergy in the principal point at "but a method of proceeding by which quarrels that arose between the clergy and laity might be satisfactorily heard and determined" ( Stubbs , Early Planta genets). Clarendon Pre . A printing establishment in Oxford, England, in which the university has the preponderating influence. It was founded partly with profits from the copyright of Clarendon's "History of the Rebellion." Clarens (klä-ron'). A village in the canton of Vaud, Switzerland, situated on Lake Geneva near its eastern extremity, northwest of Montreux. It is famous as the scene of Rou eau's "Nouvelle Héloïse." Claretie (klär-te'), Arsène Arnaud, called Jules. Born at Limoges, France, Dec. 3, 1840. A French novelist and journalist. He was in turp war correspondent and dramatic critic, and was appointed director of the Theatre Français on the death of M. Clari (klä'rē), Giovanni Carlo Maria. Born at Pisa, Italy, 1669: died probably about 1745. An Italian composer. His chief work is a col- lection of vocal duets and trios (1720). Clari. An opera by Halévy, first produced at Paris, Dec. 9, 1828. The Century Cyclopedia of Names Claridoro (klar-i-dō'rō). The rival of Felisbravo in Mendoza's Spanish play "Querer Por Solo Querer" ("To Love for Love's Sake"), translated by Sir Richard Fanshawe. Clarin (klar'in), or Clarinda (kla-rin'da). The trusted handmaid of Queen Radigund in Spen her mistre , seeking to divide her from Artegal. Clarinda (kla-rin'dä). 1. Waiting-woman to Carniola in Mas singer's play "The Maid of Honour."-2. In Fletcher's "Lover's Progre ," the adroit and unscrupulous waiting woman of Calista.-3. In Thomas Shad well's comedy "The Virtuoso," a niece of the Virtuoso, in love with Longvil.-4. The principal female character in Mrs. Cent livre's play "The Beau's Duel," in love with Colonel Manly.5. The niece of Sir Solomon Sadlife in Cibber's comedy "The Double Gallant." She "blows cold and hot" upon the pa ion of Clerimont. Clarington (klar'ing-ton), Sir Arthur. A profligate, heartle , and avaricious wretch in "The Witch of Edmonton," by Dekker, Ford, and others. Clari a (kla-ris'a). The wife of Gripe the money-scrivener in Vanbrugh's comedy "The Confederacy." She is a sparkling, luxurious woman with a great admiration for the nobility and gentry. Clari a Harlowe (kla-ris'ä här'lō). A novel by Samuel Richardson (published 1748): so called from the name of its heroine. Clari es (klä-rēs'), Les. A religious sisterhood of the order of Sainte-Claire, founded in 1212. Clark (klärk), Abraham. [The surnames Clark , Clarke, Clerk, Clerke are from clark , clerk , a learned man, a writer, a reader.] Born at Elizabeth town, N. J., Feb. 15, 1726: died at Rahway, N. J., Sept. 15, 1794. An American patriot, one of the signers of the Declaration of Independence. Clark, Alvan. Born at Ash field, Ma ., March 8,1808: died at Cambridge, Ma ., Aug. 19, 1887. An American optician, famous as a manufacturer of telescopes (at Cambridge, Ma achu IMG:content-0353.png:[blocks in formation] cies, Nord, France, Oct. 17, 1765: died at Neuviller, France, Oct. 28, 1818. A marshal of France, minister of war 1815-17. Clarke, Hyde. Born at London, Dec. 14, 1815: died there, March 1, 1895. An English engineer and philologist. His works include "A New and Com- England, June 29, 1.870. A British physician. prehensive Dictionary of the English Language" (1853), and He was physician in ordinary to the queen from 1837. He numerous philological and ethnological treatises. wrote "The Influence of Climate in the Prevention and Cure of Chronic Diseases" (1829), "Treatise on Pulmonary Consumption" (1835), etc. Clark, Lewis Gaylord. Born at Otisco, N. Y., American journalist. He was editor of the "Knickerbocker Magazine ” 1834-59. Clark, Rev. T. The pseudonym of John Galt. Clark University. A non-sectarian institu- tion opened at Worcester, Ma achusetts, in 1887. It was named for Jonas Clark, its founder, and is died at Piermont, N. Y., Nov. 3, 1873. An intended rather for the promotion of research than for ordinary collegiate education. Clark, or Clarke, William. Born in Virginia, Aug. 1, 1770: died at St. Louis, Mo., Sept. 1, 1838. An American commander and explorer, brother of G. R. Clark. He was a ociated with Lewis in the command of an exploring expedition from St. Louis to the mouth of the Columbia, 1804-06. He was gov- ern or of Mi ouri Territory 1813-21, and was super in ten- dent of Indian affairs in St. Louis till his death. Clark, William George. Born March, 1821: died at York, England, Nov. 6, 1878. An Eng- lish scholar, a graduate of Cambridge, and fel- low and tutor of Trinity College. He was the edi- tor, with Mr. Glover (Vol. I.) and Mr. Aldis Wright, of the "Cambridge" Shakspere (1863-66), and, with Mr. Wright, of the "Globe" Shakspere, and author of works of travel ("Gazpacho," "The Peloponnesus," etc.) and of poems, "A Scale of Lyrics," etc. Clark, William Tierney. Born at Bristol, England, Aug. 23, 1783: died Sept. 22, 1852. A noted English civil engineer. He was the builder of the old Hammer smith suspension-bridge (taken down 1885), and of the suspension-bridge over the Danube, uniting Pest and Buda (built 1839-49). Clark, Will is Gaylord. Born at Otisco, N. Y., 1810: died June 12, 1841. An American poet and journalist, twin brother of L. G. Clark. He wrote "Olla pod i an a" for the “Knickerbocker” (published 1844). Clarke (klärk), Adam. Born at Moybeg, Lon donderry County, Ireland, about 1762: died at London, Aug. 26, 1832. An eminent British Wesley an clergyman and biblical scholar. He wrote "Commentary on the Holy Bible" (1810-26), etc. From 1808 to 1818 he was occupied in editing Rymer's "Fœder a." Clarke, Sir Alured. Born about 1745: died at Llangollen, Wales, Sept. 16, 1832. An English soldier, appointed field-marshal on the acces- sion of William IV. He served as lieutenant-colonel under Howe in New York 1776; succeeded John Bur- goyne as master-general of the He ian troops; was lieu- tenant-governor of Jamaica 1782-90; was stationed at Quebec 1791-93; went to India in 1795; took part in the capture of Cape Colony in Sept. of the same year; and succeeded Sir Robert Abercromby as commander-in-chief in India May 17, 1798. Clarke, Charles Cowden. Born at Enfield, near London, Dec. 15, 1787: died at Genoa, Italy, March 13, 1877. An English man of let- ters, publisher (a partner of Alfred Novello) and lecturer on Shakspere and other dramatic poets. He married Mary Victoria, daughter of Vincent, Novello, July 5, 1828. He began to lecture on Shakspere, Chaucer, and other poets and dramatists in 1834, and con- tinued this career until 1856. He was the author of "Tales from Chaucer" (1833), “Riches of Chaucer" (1835), "Shak- speare Characters" (1863), "Molière Characters" (1865), etc., and joint author with his wife of the "Shakspeare tions of Shakspere, “Recollections of Writers" (1878), etc. Key: unlocking the treasures of his style," etc. (1879), edi- Clarke, Mrs. (Mary Victoria Novello, usually known as Mrs. Cowden Clarke). Born at London, June 22, 1809: died at Gença, Jan. 12, 1898. An English Shaksperian scholar and author, wife of C. C. Clarke. She published "The Complete Concordance to Shakspere" (1846), which was compiled during the a iduous labor of sixteen years (it the words of the sonnets and poems), "The of Shakspere's Heroines" (1850), "The and other works. Iron Cousin," a novel (1854), "Memorial Sonnets" (1888), Clarke, Edward Daniel. Born at Willing don, Su ex, England, June 5, 1769: died at Lon- setts). He was originally an engraver and portrait-paint don, March 9, 1822. An English traveler and er. The firm of Alvan Clark and Sons was founded in 1846. He made telescopes for the University of Mi i ippi (object-gla 184 inches: finally purchased by the University of Chicago), the University of Virginia (26 inches), the United States Naval Observatory at Washington (26 inches), the observatory at Pulkowa (30 inches), the Lick Observatory (36 inches), and others. Clark, Sir Andrew. Born Oct. 28, 1826: died Νον. 6, 1893 An eminent Scotch physician. He resided in London. Clark, or Clarke, George Rogers. Born in mineralogist, appointed profe or of mineral- ogy at Cambridge in 1808, and librarian in 1817. His works include "Travels in Various Countries of Europe, Asia, and Africa" (1810-23), and numerous scientific papers. He made important collections of min- erals (purchased by the University of Cambridge), manu- scripts, coins el brought to England the so-called sis by Wheler in 1676, and now in the Fitzwilliam Museum. Clarke, Henri Jacques Guillaume, Comte d'Hunébourg, Duc de Feltre. Born at Landre- a colo al statue (a cis toph or us), found at Clarke, James Freeman. Born at Hanover, N. H., April 4, 1810: died at Jamaica Plain, Ma ., June 8, 1888. An American Unitarian clergyman, theologian, and miscellaneous au- thor. He was graduated at Harvard in 1829, preached at Louisville, Kentucky, 1833-40, and founded at Boston in 1841 the Church of the Disciples, of which he was pastor until his death. His works include "Christian Doctrine of Forgivene " (1852), "Christian Doctrine of Prayer Great Religions" (1871), etc. " (1854), Orthodoxy, its Truths and Errors" (1866), “Ten Clarke, John. Born in Bedford shire, England, Oct. 8, 1609: died at Newport, R. I., April 20, 1676. An English physician, one of the founders of Rhode Island. He was driven from Ma achusetts in 1638, and was one of the purchasers of Aquid neck (Rhode Island) from the Indians. In 1639 he was one of the founders of Newport, where he became pastor of the Baptist church founded in 1644. He& Clarke, John Sleeper (real name John Clarke Sleeper). Born at Baltimore, Md., Sept. 3, 1833: died at Surbiton-on-Thames, England, Sept. 25, 1899. An American comedian. made his first appearance in Boston in 1851. He married Asia, daughter of Junius Booth, in 1859. In 1864 he un- dertook the management of the Winter Garden Theater with William Stuart and Edwin Booth: this he gave up in 1867. In 1863, with Edwin Booth, he bought the Walnut Street Theater in Philadelphia. In 1866 they obtained the lease of the Boston Theater. In Oct., 1867, he ap- peared in London, where, with brief interruptions, he remained. In 1872 he became proprietor of the Charing Cro Theater, afterward managing the Hay market. His Doctor Panglo , Ollapod, Major Wellington de Boots, and Salem Scudder were succe ful. Clarke, Mac Donald. Born at New London, Conn., June 18, 1798: died at New York, March 5, 1842. An American poet, called, on account A num of his eccentricities, "The Mad Poet." ber of collections of his poems have been published, in- cluding "A Review of the Eve of Eternity, and other Poems" (1820), "The Elixir of Moonshine, by the Mad Poet" (1822), "The Go ip" (1825), "Poetic Sketches" (1826), "The Belles of Broadway" (1833), and "Poems" (1836). Clarke, Marcus Andrew Hyslop. Born at Kensington, London, April 24, 1846: died at Melbourne, Australia, Aug. 2, 1881. An Austra- lian journalist and novelist. He went to Victoria in 1863. His principal work, a novel, "For the Term of his Natural Life," was published in 1874. Clarke, Mary Anne. Born at London in 1776: died at Boulogne, June 21, 1852. An English woman of obscure origin, mistre of the Duke of York. She became notorious from the public scandals which grew out of her connection with the duke. wrote "The Rival Princes" (the dukes of York and Kent). She was condemned to nine months' imprisonment for libel in 1813. After 1815 she lived in Paris. She Clarke, Samuel. Born at Norwich, England, Oct. 11, 1675: died at London, May 17, 1729. A celebrated English divine and metaphysical writer, son of an alderman of Norwich. He was a graduate of Cambridge (Caius College), and was succes sively rector of Drayton, near Norwich of St. Bennet's, London, in 170 must minster in 1709. He was also one of the chaplains of Anne. His most celebrated work is his "Boyle Lectures" (1704-05), published as "A Discourse concerning the Being and Attri butes of God, the Obligations of Natural Religion, and the Truth and Certainty of the Christian Revelation, in answer to Mr. Hobbes, Spinoza, etc." His metaphysical argument for the existence of God is especially famous, and he also holds a high place in the history of the science of ethics. Clarke, William. See Clark . Clarke's River, or Clarke's Fork of the Colum- bia River. [Named for Captain William Clarke.] A river in Montana, Idaho, and Washington, formed by the Bitter Root and Flathead rivers near the Horse Plain, Montana. It joins the Columbia in lat. 49° 3′ N. Total length, in- cluding head stream, about 700 miles. Clarke-Whit field. See Whit field . Clark son (klärk's on), Thomas. Born at Wis- beach, Cambridge shire, England, March 28, 1760: died at Play ford Hall, near Ipswich, England, Sept. 26, 1846. An English abolition- ist, occupied as pamphleteer and agitator 1786- 1794. He wrote a "History of the Abolition of the Slave Trade" (1808), etc. Cla is (klas'is). [L.] See the quotation. The town of Ravenna was already three miles distant from the sea (no doubt owing to a previous alteration of the coast line), but he [August us) improved the then existing harbour, to which he gave the appropriate name of Cla is, and connected it with the old town by a causeway, about which clustered another intermediate town called Cæsarea. Cla is, then, in the days of the Roman emperors, was a busy port and arsenal - Wapping and Chat The Century Cyclopedia of Names Cla is ham combined-capable of affording anchorage to 250 ve els, resounding with all the noises of men "whose cry is in their ships." Go to it now, and you find one of the loneliest of all lonely moors, not a house, scarcely a cottage in sight: only the glorious church of San A poll in are in Cla e, which, reared in the sixth century by command of Just in i an, still stands, though the bases of its columns are green with damp, yet rich in the unfaded beauty of its mosaics. Hodgkin, Italy and her Invaders, I. 435. - Clatsop (klat's op). A tribe of the Lower Chinook division of North American Indians. They formerly lived at Cape Adams, on the south side of Columbia River, Oregon, up that river to Tongue Point, and southward, along the Pacific coast, nearly to Till a mook Head, Oregon. There are still a few survivors residing about six miles above the mouth of the Columbia River in Oregon, and also a few on the Grande Ronde reservation in the same State. See Chinook an . Claude (klâd; F. pron. klod), Jean. [F. Claude , from L. Claudius .] Born at La Sauvetat, near Agen, France, 1619: died at The Hague, Netherlands, Jan. 13, 1687. A celebrated French Protestant clergyman and controversialist. He was pastor of La Treyne, then at Saint-Affrique, and then at Nimes where he was also profe or of theology, and in 1661 was prohibited from exercising his ecclesiastical functions. In 1662 he was appointed pastor and profe or of theology at Montauban, but was suspended in 1666. He retired to Holland on the revocation of the Edict of Nantes. His chief work is a "Défense de la réformation" (1673). Claude d'Abbeville (klod däb-vēl'). Died at Rouen, 1616. A French Capuchin, a native of Abbeville. From 1612 to 1614 he was a mi ionary in the French colony of Maranhão, in Brazil. His "His to ire de la mi ion des pères Capucins en l'Isle de Maragnan" (Paris, 1614) is of great historical and ethnological value. It is now very rare. There is a modern Portuguese translation (Maranhão, 1874). Claude Lorrain (klâd lo-rān'; F. pron. klod loran') (real name, Claude Gelée or Gellée). Born at Chamagne, Vosges, France, 1600: died at Rome, Nov. 21, 1682. A celebrated French landscape-painter. Taken in 1613 to Rome by a relative, he went thence to Naples, where he spent two years as falanteriorenrom 1619 to 1625 he working as amiable disposition, his acce ion was signalized by acts of clemency and justice, which, however, under the influence of his third wife, the infamous Valeria Me alina, and his favorites, the freedmen Narci us, Pallas, and others, were subsequently obscured by cruelty and bloodshed. He visited Britain in 43. In 49, after the execution of Me alina, who, during his absence at Ostia, had contracted a public marriage with Caius Silus, he married his niece Agrip pina the younger. She persuaded him to set aside his own son Britannicus, and to adopt her son by a former marriage, L. Domitius, as his succe or. Repenting of this step soon after, he was poisoned by A grip pin a, and L. Domitius ascended the throne under the name of Nero. The famous Claudian aqueduct in Rome is named for him. Claudius II. (Marcus Aurelius Claudius, surnamed Gothic us). Born in Dardania or Illyria, 214: died at Sirmium, Pannonia, 270 A. D. Emperor of Rome 268-270. He defeated the Alamanni in northern Italy in 268, and defeated the Goths near Naï us, Naï us, Mœsia, in 269. Claudius. 1. The King of Denmark and uncle of Hamlet in Shakspere's tragedy "Hamlet." 2. A servant of Brutus in Shakspere's "Julius Cæsar." Claudius, Claudius, Appius, A surnamed Cæcus ('the Blind'). Died after 280 в. с. А Roman statesman. He was censor 312-308, and consul 307 and 296. pian aqueduct. From him Roman jurisprudence, oratory, He commenced the Appian Way and completed the Apgrammar, and Latin prose date their beginning. He abolished the limitation of the full right of citizenship to landed proprietors. Claudius (kloudē-ös), Matthias. Born in Reinfeld, in Holstein, Aug. 15, 1740: died at Hamburg, Jan. 21, 1815. A German poet. He studied at Jena, and settled afterward in Wandsbeck, near Altona, where, under the name of Asmus, he published a weekly periodical, "Der Wandsbecker Bote." He was the author of numerous lyrics, some ne of which have become genuine folk-songs. A collection of his works with the title "Asmus omnia sua secum portans, oder Sammtliche Werke des Wandsbecker Boten" appeared at Hamburg 1775-1812. Clazomenæ lutionary politician and financier, French minister of finance in 1792. He was identified with the Girondins, and on their fall was accused and arrested and brought before the Revolutionary tribunal. He committed suicide in prison. Clavigero (klä-vē-Ha'rō), Francisco Xavier (Saverio). Born at Vera Cruz, 1731: died at Bologna, Italy, 1787. A Mexican Jesuit historian. He taught rhetoric and philosophy in the principal Jesuit colleges of Mexico, and after the expulsion of his order (1767) founded an academy at Bologna. His "Storia Antica del Me ico" (Cesena, 1780) includes the Aztec period of Mexican history and the conquest, and had an immediate and wide succe . It was translated into various lan guages. His "Storia dell a California" was published after his death (Venice, 1789). Clavigo (klä-vē'gō). A tragedy by Goethe, published June 1, 1774. See Clavijo y Fajardo , José . Clavijo, Clavijo, Don. An accomplished cavalier in "Don Quixote," who was metamorphosed into a crocodile and was disenchanted by Don Quixote. Clavijo, Ruy Gonzalez de. Born at Madrid: died at Madrid, 1412. A Spanish diplomat and traveler in the Orient, amba ador of Henry III. of Castile to Tamer lane 1403-06. He wrote "Hist or i a del gran Tamerlan é It in era rio," etc. (printed 1582). José. Born in the Canary Islands about Clavijo y Fajardo (klä-ve'Hō ē fä-Här'dō), 1730: died at Madrid, 1806. A Spanish official (curator of the royal archives), journalist, and translator of Buffon. He is known chiefly from his quarrel (1764) with Beau march a is on account of the latter's sister. He was forced to sign an acknow ledgment of wrong-doing which cost him his honor and his official position. He was made the subject of a tragedy by Goethe. See Beau march a is . Clavileño (klä-vē-lān'yō), El Alígero. [Sp., 'the winged pin- (or peg-) timber.'] The wooden horse used by Don Quixote. It was managed by a wooden pin in its forehead. Clay Ca ius Mar cell us. Born at White Claudius Cra us (kla'di-us kras'us), Appius. hall, Madison Co., Ky., Oct. 19, 1810: died there, A Roman consul, decemvir 451-449 в. с. and valet to Agostino Ta i, who was employed by the Cardinal di Montalto to decorate his palace. After this Claudius Nero. See Nero . Carmes, Duke Charles III., with figures architectural ornaments, until the middle of the year 1627, when he returned to Rome to remain for the rest of his life. By 1634 Claude had become a celebrity in Rome, and had painted many pictures. The "Liber Ver it at is," a collection of two hundred outline drawings of his paintings (later engraved and published) was begun about 1634 and finished March 25, 1675. The "Claude Lorrain mirror" is so called from the fancied similarity of its effects to his pictures. Claudet (klo-dā'), Antoine François Jean. Born at Lyons, France, Fran Aug. 12, 1797: died at London, Dec. 27, 1867. A French photographer, resident in London after 1829: noted for his improvements and inventions in photographic apparatus and proce es. Claudia (kla di-ä). [L., fem. of Claudius .] A common Roman female name. Claudia gens (kla'di-ä jenz). In ancient Rome, a plebeian and patrician clan or house. The patrician Claudit were of Sabine origin, and came to Rome 504 в. с. Their surnames were Cæcus, Caudex, Centho, Cra us, Pulcher, Regillensis, and Sabinus. The surnames of the plebeian Claudii were A sell us, Can in a, Centum alus, Cicero, Flamen, and Mar cell us. Claudian (kla'di-an). See Claudianus . Claudianus (kla-di-a'nus), Claudius. Born at Alexandria, Egypt, probably about 365 A. D.: died about 408 (?). A noted Latin poet. He was the panegyrist of Stilicho, Theodosius, Honor i us, and others. He wrote panegyrics, epithalamia, "De raptu Proser pinæ," etc. Claudia Quinta (kla di-ä kwin'tä). In Roman legend, a woman, probably the sister of Appius Claudius Pulcher. In 206 B. C., when the ship con the image of Cybele stuck fast in a shallow at the mouth of the Tiber and the soothsayers announced that only a chaste woman could move it, she cleared herself from an accusation of incontinency by stepping forward from among the matrons who had accompanied Scipio to receive the image, and towing the ve el to Rome. Claudio (kladı-ō). 1. A young Florentine in love with Hero, in Shakspere's "Much Ado about Nothing." He falls too easily into belief in Hero's dishonor.-2. The lover of Juliet in Shakspere's "Measure for Measure." According to an old law, newly put in force, he is about to be executed for his intercourse with her, though he considers himserf her husband. He is saved by his sister Isabella. Claudius (kla'di-us) I. (Tiberius Claudius Drusus Nero Germanic us). [L., 'lame'; It. Sp. Claudio , F. Claude .] Born at Lugdunum, Gaul, Aug. 1, 10 в. с.: died 54 A. D. Emperor of Rome 41-54. He was the grandson of Tiberius Clandius Nero and Livia, who afterward married August us, and son of Drusus and Antonia, the daughter of Marc An Louis le Débonnaire in 820. He denied that the monastic Felix of Urgel, and was appointed bishop of Turin by vow po e ed any peculiar merit, that Rome was the special seat of penitence and absolution, and that any special power of loosing and binding had been given to Peter, and rejected the worship of images and relics. Author of "A polo get i cum atque Rescriptum adversus Theutmirum Abbatem," no copy of which is now known to exist. Claudius Pulcher (kla'di-us pulkėr), Appius. Died in Eubœa, 46 в. с. A Roman politician, brother of the demagogue Clodius. Claus (klâz), Santa. See Nicholas , Saint . Clausel (klo-zel'), Bertrand, Comte. Born at Mirepoix, Ariège, France, Dec. 12, 1772: died at Secourieu, near Toulouse, France, April 21, 1842. A marshal of France. He served with distinction in the Napoleonic wars, especially in Spain 18101813, and was governor-general of Algeria 1835-37. Clausen (klou'zen), Henrik Nikolai. Born at Maribo, Denmark, April 22, 1793: died at Copenhagen, March 28, 1877. Á Danish theologian. He was profe or of theology at Copenhagen 1822-76, and state councilor 1848-51. His "Katholicismens og Protestant is mens Kirkeforfatning Läre og Ritus" (1825, "Church Organization, Doctrine, and Ritual of Catholicism and Protestant ism"), etc. Clausenburg. See Klausenburg . Clausewitz (klouze-vits), Karl von. Born at Burg, Pru ia, June 1, 1780: died at Breslau, Pru ia, Nov. 16, 1831. A Pru ian officer and military writer. He wrote "Übersicht des Feldzugs von 1813," etc. (1814), "Hinter las sene Werke "(1832-37, including "Vom Kriege," "Der Feldzug von 1796 in Ital July 22, 1903. An American politician, son of General Green Clay. He was an antislavery advocate, and United States minister to Ru ia 1861-62 and 1863-69. Clay, Clement Claiborne. Born in Madison County, Ala., 1819: died near Huntsville, Ala., day, Jan. 3,1882. An American politician. an. He was United States senator from Alabama 1854-61, and a Confederate senator and secret agent. Clay, Green. Born in Powhatan County, Va., Aug. 14, 1757: died Oct. 31, 1826. An American general. He defended Fort Meigs against a British force in 1813. Clay, Henry. Born in Hanover County, near Richmond, V Richmond, Va., April 12, 1777: died at Washington, D. C., June 29, 1852. A celebrated American statesman and orator. He was United States senator from Kentucky 1806-07 and 1810-11; was member of Congre from Kentucky 1811-21 and 1823-25 (serving as speaker 1811-14, 1815-20, and 1823-25); was peace commi ioner at Ghent in 1814; was candidate for the Presidency in 1824; was secretary of state 1825-29; was United States senator 1831-42 and 1849-52; was Whig can didate for the Presidency in 1832 and 1844; was the chief designer of the "Mi ouri Compromise" of 1820, and of the compromise of 1850; and was the author of the compromise tariff of 1833. Complete works, with biography, edited by Colton (1857). Clay, James. Born at London, 1805: died at Brighton, England, 1873. An English authority on whist, author of "A Treatise on the Game of Whist by J. C.," affixed to Baldwin's "Laws of Short Whist" (1864). He was a member of Parliament from 1847 until 1873. Clay borne, William. See Claiborne . Clay Cro (klā krôs). A coal and iron-mining center in Derby shire, England, about 4 miles south of Chesterfield. Clausius (klou'zē-ös), Rudolf Julius Emanuel, Claypole (kla pol), Noah. Mr. Sower berry's Born at Köslin, Pomerania, Pru ia, Jan. 2. 1822: apprentice, a charity boy and afterward a thief, died at Bonn, Aug. 24, 1888. A celebrated Ger- He marries Charlotte, Mrs. Sower berry's ser- man physicist. He became profe or of physics in the vant. University of Bonn in 1869, a post which he retained until his death. Author of "Die me chan is che Wärmetheorie" Clays (klās), Paul Jean. Born at Bruges, Bel- (2d ed. 1876-91), "Über das Wesen der Wärme" (1857), and gium, Nov. 27, 1819: died at Bru els, Feb. 9, 1900. A Belgian marine-painter, pupil of Clayton (klāton), John. Born at Fulham, England, 1693: died in Virginia, Dec. 15, 1773. An English-American botanist. The genus Claytonia was named in his honor. "Die Potential funk tion und das Potential" (1859). Clausthal, or Klausthal (klous'täl). A town Gudin. in the province of Hannover, Pru ia, situated in the Harz Mountains 44 miles southeast of Hannover. It is noted for its silver and lead-mines, and is the seat of the mining authorities of the region. Claveret Population (1890), (klav-ra'), commune, Jean. 8,736. Born at Orléans, 1590: died 1666. A French poet, chiefly notable Clayton, John Middle ton. Born at Dags borough, Su ex County, Del., July 24, 1796? died at Dover, Del., Nov. 9, 1856. An American politician. He was United States senator from Dela ien," etc.). honor of a was as in 37 by his ware 1829-37, 1845-49, and 1851-56. As secretary of state, 1849-50, he negotiated the Bulwer-Clayton treaty. Clayton-Bulwer Treaty. See Bulwer - Clayton Treaty . Clazomenæ about 20 miles southwest of Smyrna, near the modern Vurla. It was the birthplace of Anaxagoras. Cléante (klā-ont'). [F.] 1. The lover of Angélique in Molière's "Malade Imaginaire."-2. The brother-in-law of Orgon, and brother of Elmire, in Molière's “Tartufe." He is as genuinely good as Tartufe is hypocritical.-3 hypocritical.-3. The son of Harpagon in Molière's “L'Avare.” He is in love with Mariane. Clean the (klē-an'the). The sister of Siphax in Fletcher's "Mad Lover." Cleanthes (klē-an'thez). [Gr. Κλεάνθης .] Born at A os, Asia Minor, about 300 B.c.: died at Athens about 220. A Greek Stoic philosopher, a disciple and the succe or of Zeno. Cleanthes. 1. The friend of Cleomenes, and captain of Ptolemy's guard, in Dryden's tragedy "Cleomenes." - 2. The son of Leonides in "The Old Law," a play by Mas singer, Middle ton, and Rowley: a model of filial piety and tenderne . Clémenceau (klā-mon-sō'), Eugène. Born at Mouille ron-en-Pareds, Vendée, Vendée, France, Sept. 28, 1841. A French radical politician. He studied medicine in Paris, entered the National A embly in 1871, became president of the municipal council of Paris in 1875, and was elected to the Chamber of Deputies in 1876. In 1887 he declined an invitation to form a ministry. He suffered in the general wreck of French politicians caused by the Panama scandal in 1892, and failed of reëlection in 1893. Clemens (klem'enz), Samuel Langhorne: pseudonym Mark Twain. Born at Florida, Mo., Nov. 30,1835. Anoted American humorist. He was apprenticed to a printer at the age of thirteen; became a pilot on the Mi i ippi in 1857; went to Nevada in 1861, and became city editor of the "Enterprise" in Virginia City in 1862; removed to San Francisco in 1865; visited the Sandwich Islands in 1866; and traveled in Europe and the East in 1867. He resides in Hartford, Clean this (klē-an'this). A waiting-woman to Alemena, and wife of Sosia, in Molière's "A mph i try on." Clear (klēr), Cape. The southernmost point of Ireland, situated on the island of Clear in lat. 51° 26′ N., long. 9° 29′ W. Clearchus (kle-är'kus). [Gr. [Gr. Κλέαρχος .] Born at Sparta: executed by Artaxerxes, 401 в. с. A Lacedæmonian general. He fought under Mindarus at the battle of Cyzicus 410. In 408 his tyrannous conduct as harmost during the siege of Byzantium by the A then i ans led to the surrender of the city by the inhabitants during his absence in Asia, whither he had gone to collect a force to raise the siege. In 406 he fought under Callicratidas at the battle of Arginusæ. After the Peloponnesian war he persuaded the ephor to send him as general to Thrace to protect the Greeks against the natives; and, having proceeded thither in spite of an order for his recall which overtook him on the way, was condemned to death. Defeated by a force sent against him under Panthoides, he fled to Cyrus the Younger, under whom he commanded a body of Greek mercenaries in the expedition against Artaxerxes, 401. After the battle of Cunaxa, in which Cyrus was killed, he was treacherously seized, with four other Grecian generals, by Ti aphernes at a conference, and sent to Artaxerxes, who ordered them to be put to death. The surviving Greeks, however, having chosen new generals, accomplished the famous retreat known as the "Retreat of the Ten You sand." See Xeno phon , Anabasis . Cleave land. See Cleveland . Cleave land (klēv'land), Parker. Born at Rowley, Ma ., Jan. 15, 1780: died at Brunswick, Maine, Oct. 15, 1858. An American mineralogist. He was profe or in Bowdoin College (Maine) 1805-58. He wrote "Mineralogy and Geology" (1816), etc. Cleaver (klē'ver), Fanny. A deformed little dolls' dre maker, called "Jenny Wren," in Charles Dickens's "Our Mutual Friend." "My back 's bad and my legs are queer," is her frequent excuse, and she always describes herself with dignity as "the person of the house." Cleef (klāf), Jan van. Born at Venlo, Netherlands, 1646: died at Ghent, Belgium, Dec. 18, 1716. A Flemish painter. Cleef (klāf), or Cleve, Joost or Joas van. Born at Antwerp about 1479: died about 1550. A Flemish portrait-painter, surnamed "Zotte" ('crazy'). He died insane. Cleishbotham (klēsh'born-am), Jedediah. The a umed compiler of the "Tales of My Landlord," by Walter Scott. A "Peter Patties on" is credited with the authorship. Cleisthenes (klis'the-nēz), or Clisthenes (klis'the-nez). [Gr. Κλεισθένης .] An A then i an politician, son of Megacles, and grandson of Cleisthenes of Sicyon. He developed in a democratic spirit the constitution of Solon (adopted 594 B. c.) by substituting ten new for four old tribes, with a view to breaking up the influence of the land-owning aristocracy, the new tribes being composed not of contiguous demes or local communities, but of demes scattered about the country and interspersed with those of other tribes. Не was expelled in 507 by Is agoras, leader of the aristocratic party, aided by a Spartan army under Cleomenes; but was recalled in the same year by the populace, which compelled the Spartans to withdraw and sent Is agoras into exile. He is said to have established the ostracism, or power of the sovereign popular a embly to decree, without proce of law, by means of a secret ballot, the banishment of any citizen who endangered the public liberty. Cleland (klēʻland), John. Born 1709: died Jan. 23, 1789. An English writer. He was the author of the notorious novel "Fanny Hill, or the Memoirs of a woman of Pleasure" (1748-50), and "Me moirs of a Coxcomb" (1751). He was consul at Smyrna, and in 1736 was in the service of the East India Company at Bombay. In the latter part of his life he wrote for the stage and also dabbled in philology. Clelia (klē'li-ä), or Clélie (klā-lē'). A romance Connecticut. In 1884 he at New obiectis house of stablished his works the clude "The Innocents Abroad' (1869), "Roughing It" (1872), "A Tramp Abroad" (1880), "Jumping Frog, etc." (1867), "The Gilded Age," conjointly with C. D. Warner (1873: this has been succe fully dramatized), "Adventures of Tom Sawyer” (1876), “Adventures of Huckleberry Finn" (1884), "A Yankee at the Court of King Arthur" "Personal Recollections of Joan of Arc" (1896), "Following the Equator" (1897). Clement (klem'ent) I., Saint: also called Clemens Roman us (klē'menz rō-mā'nus) ('the Roman'). [L. Clemens , merciful, mild; It. Sp. Clemente, F. Clément, G. Clemens .) about 100. A bishop of Rome: according to the Lived in the 1st century A. D.: died probably common tradition, the third bishop of Rome after St. Peter. Nothing is known with certainty concerning his personal history, except that he was a prominent presbyter of the Christian congregation at Rome immediately after the apostolical age. He is by some identified with the Clement mentioned by Paul in Phil. iv. 3 as his fellow-laborer, by others with the consul Flavius Clemens who was put to death by Domitian on a charge of atheism. Tradition has reckoned him among the martyrs; but according to Eusebius and Jerome, he died a natural death in the third year of the reign of Trajan. Numerous writings, most of which are evidently spurious, have been attributed to him. The most celebrated among these are two "Epistles to the Corinthians," which were held in the greatest esteem by the early Christians. They disappeared from the Western Church after the 5th century, and were rediscovered in the Codex Alex and rin us (a present from Cyrillus Lucaris to Charles I.) by Patricius Junius (Patrick Young), who published them at Oxford in 1633. Another MS. was discovered by Philotheos Bryennios in the convent library of the patriarch of Jerusalem, and published in 1875. Clement II. (Suidgar). Died at Pesaro, Italy, Oct. 9, 1047. Pope 1046-47. Clement III. (Guibert). Died at Ravenna, Italy, 1100. An archbishop of Ravenna, elected pope (antipope), through the influence of the emperor Henry IV., in 1080. After having been expelled from