Schubert

(shoo’-bért), (1) Jos., Warnsvict,’’ where the unrestrained license allowed him in his compositions accounts for the crudene of some of his early works and the faults of form that always characterised him, as well as for his immediate and profound individuality; at 17 he c. his first ma . In order to escape military conscription he studied a few months at the Normal Sch. and took the post of elementary teacher in his father’s sch. He taught there until 1816, spending his leisure in studying with Salieri, and in comp. particularly of songs, of which he wrote as many as 8 in one day—144 in his 18th year (1815), 1814-16, “Der c. Erlkénig’’; 2 operettas, posers. One of the 14 children of a schoolmaster at Lichtenthal, who Singspiele and 3 incomplete stage pieces, 4 ma es. 1816, he applied, without succ., for the directorship of the new State mus.-sch. at Laybach (salary $100 (£20) a year). From 1817 he lived in Vienna, except two summers (1818 and 1824), spent at Zelész, Hungary, as teacher in Count Esterhdzy’s family. How S. existed is a matter of mystery, except for the help of such friends as Fz. von Schober, who aided him with the utmost generosity. Michael Vogl popularised his songs. By his 21st year (1818) S. had c. six of his symphs. and a great ma of work. His mus. farce “Die Zwillingsbriider’’ was prod. (Karnthnerthor Th., 1820, but ran only six nights). 1821, after he had written Over 600 compositions, his “ Erlkénig’? was sung at a public concert of the “‘Musikverein”’ and elsewhere, taught him the vIn.; also studied with Holzer there; at ro, first soprano in the church-choir, and c. songs and little instrumental pcs. singer in the Vienna court choir, and with a wide sale that attended most of his subsequent publication of songs and pf.-pcs.; though he was sadly underpaid by his publishers, sometimes receiving only a gulden dorf, Bohemia, 1757—Dresden, 1812; violinist, and dram. composer. (2) Jn. Fr., Rudolstadt, 1770—Cologne, 1811; violinist, writer and composer, (3) Fd., Lichtenthal, near Vienna, 1794—Vienna, 1859; elder bro. of the great composer (4) and pa ionately devoted to him; dir. Normal Sch., Vienna; c. church-mus., requiem for his brother, etc. (4) Franz (Peter), Lichtenthal, near Vienna, Jan. 31, 1797—-of typhus, Vienna, Nov. 19, 1828; one of the most eminent of the world’s com also in the ‘‘Convict” (the trainingsch. for the court singers). played in the sch.-orchestra, finally as first vln., and studied theory with Ruczicka and Salieri. His earliest composition -is a 4-hand fantasia of 12 movements written when he was 13. He had a frenzy for writing, and a_ fellow-pupil, Spaun, generously furnished him with mus.-paper, a luxury beyond the means of Schubert. 15 he nad written much, incl. an overture; at 16 hec. his first symph.; 1813, his woice broke and he left the ‘Con- (20 cents, le than a shilling) for them. In 1822 he declined the post of organist at the court chapel; but could never obtain a salaried position, though many efforts were made. At 31 he gave his first concert of his own works, with good succ. (1828). In 1822, he had finished a grand opera “Alfonso und Estrel'a,”’ the libretto bad, the scoring too difficult for the musicians at Graz, where it was put in rehearsal; it was withdrawn, not to be prod. till 1854 under Liszt and in 1881 when Jn. Fuchs rewrote the. libretto and prod. it at Carlsruhe with great succ. In 1825 a work, ““Rosamunde,” was prod. at the Th. an-der-Wien, with applause for the music, but it was withdrawn after a second performance. Other works ef his had not even productions, his stubborn refusal to alter a note preventing the profitable performance of dram. scenes, etc. His health finally broke under the strain of composition all day on a little food and revelry till late at night. He died of typhus and was buried, at his own request, in the “Ostfriedhof” at Wahring, near Beethoven. A complete critical edition of his works is pub. by Breitkopf & Hartel. These incl., besides those mentioned, an opera ‘ Adrast’”’ (unfinished), 3act operettas schlo ’ “Der ‘Der Teufels LustSptegelritter’’; SINGSPIELE: “Der Posten,” “Fernando”; “Claudine von Villa bell a” (unfinished); ‘Die Freunde von Salamanca” and ‘Der Minnesdnger”; all written 18141816; none performed; 3-act melodrama, ‘Die Zauberharfe’ (Aug. I9, 1820); 3-act opera, ‘“Sakuntala’”’ (not finished or performed); 1-act operetta, ‘‘Die Verschworenen, der hdusliche Krieg’’ (Vienna, 1861); 3-act opera, ‘‘Fierabras’’ (Vienna, 1861); “Die Burgs chaft,” 3-act opera (c. 1816; prod. by Fz. Lachner, Pesth, 1827); unprod. operas ‘‘ Der Graf von Gleichen” (1827) and “Die Salzbergwerke’; 6 ma es; “ Deutsche Me e’; unfinished oratorio “Lazarus,” “Tantum ergo” (with orch.); 2 “Stabat Mater,” etc. CHORAL WORRKS Orcu., Instrs.: “Miriams Stegesgesang’; prayer, “Vor Schlacht”; hymn, ‘‘ Herr unser Gott,” “Hymne an den Heiligen Geist,” “ Morgengesang im Walde,” “‘Nachtgesang im Walde” and “ Nachthelle,” “‘Schlachilied,” ‘“Glaube, Hoffnung und Liebe,” several cantatas and part songs. Orch. AND CHAMBER-MvUs.:10 symphs., No. 8 the “unfinished” in B min., 7 overtures (Nos. 2 and 5 “‘in the Italian style’’); vin.-concerto; rondo for vln. with orch.; octet; pf.-quintet (‘‘For ellen quintet,” with double ba ); string-quintet with 2 ’celli; 14 string quartets; 2 pf.-trios; 2 string-trios; rondo brilliant, phantasie in C, sonata, 3 sonatinas, nocturne for ’cello and pf.; introd. and vars. for flute and pf.: 17 pf.-sonatas (incl. op. 78, fantasia), 3 grand sonatas, posthumous; 8 impromptus, 6 moments musicaux; many variations, many waltzes, incl. ‘‘Valses sentiment a les,” “Homage aux belles Viennoises,” “Valses nobles,” 12 “Gratzer Walzer,” “Wanderer-Fantasie”; For pr., 4 HANDS: 2 sonatas, “‘ Diverti ement @ Vhongroise,” “Grand rondo,” “ Notre amitzé,” rondo in D, “ Leben ttirme,”’ fugue, polonaises, variations, waltzes, 4 Landler; marches, incl. “Trauermarsch” and “héroique.” Soncs witH Prano: “Erlkénig,” op. 1; “Gretchen am Spinnrade,” op. 2; “ Heidenrislein,” op. 3; “Der Wanderer” and “Der du von dem Himmel bist,” op. 4; Suleika songs, Mignon’s songs, 2 song cycles by Wilhelm Miiller, ‘‘Die Schone Miillerin’”’ and “Die Winterreise,” containing 20 and 24 numbers; 7 songs from “‘Fréule in vom See’ (Scott’s “Lady of the Lake’), 9 songs from “O ian”; 6 songs by Heine in the ‘‘Schwanengesang,”’ etc. (more than 600 in all). As part of the celebration of his death centenary in 1928, the Columbia Phonograph Co. offered a prize for intern at’! composers to complete the Unfinished Symph. This aroused so much protest from musicians, however, that the contest changed to one for a work ‘‘in the style of’? Schubert, and was won by Kurt Atterberg of Sweden. Biog. by Krei le von Hell born (Vienna, 1861, 1865); Rei man, Berlin, 1873); A. Niggli (1880); Barbedette (Paris, 1866); Max Fried lander; other studies by La Mara, Ri e, Austin, Frost, H. Ritter, Skalla, Curzon, Zenger, Heuberger, Duncan, Klatte, Bourgault-Ducoudray, Antcliffe, Dahms, Deutsch and Schiebler, Bie, Clutsam, Flower, Kobald and Ewen. His songs are the subject of studies by Capell and Le Ma ena. His letters and other writings were pub. in English translation (Knopf, page 521.) 1928). (See article, (5) Fz. Anton, 1768—1824; violinist; R. Konzertmeister. (6) Fz., Dresden, 1808—1878; son and pupil of (5); violinist, Konzertmeister R. orch. and composer. (7) Maschinka, wife of (6) and of G. A. Schneider, 1815—Dresden, 1882; soprano. \(8) Georgine, Dresden, 1840 —Potsdam, 1878; daughter and pupil of (7); pupil also of Jenny Lind and Garcia; sang in many European cities. (9) Louis, De au, 1828— Dresden, 1884; violinist; teacher and composer. (shoo’-bért), (x) Gottlob, Karsdorf, 1778—Hamburg, 1846; oboist and clarinettist. (2) Julius (Fd. G.), Magdeburg, 1804—Leipzig, 1875; son of above; founded firm of “J. Schuberth & Co.,’”’ Hamburg, 1826; Leipzig branch, 1832; New York, 1850. His brother (3) Fr. Wm. (b. 1817), took the Hamburg house, 1853 (under firm-name “Fritz Schuberth”); 1872, founded the mus.-library ‘LisztSchuberth Stiftung”; 1891.succeeded by Felix Siegel; New York branch later owned by J. H. F. Meyer. (4) L., Magdeburg, 1806—St. Petersburg, 1850; son and pupil of (1) and von Weber; at 16 dir. Stadt Th. at Magdeburg; conductor Oldenburg, 1845; cond. opera, St. Petersburg; c. operas, symphs., etc. (s) K., Magdeburg, 1811—Zurich, 1863; bro. of above; noted ’cellist; pupil of He e and Dotzauer; toured widely; soloist to the Czar; ct.-cond., dir. at the U.; c. 2 ’cello-concertos.