The name of John a Gaunt

Shak., Rich. II., 1. 3. It's sixe a clocke. B. Jonson , Every Man in his Humor, i. 4. a5 (a), pron . [E. dial., corruption of I , being the first element, obscured, of the diphthong äi.] A modern provincial corruption of the pronoun I. ab (a), pron . [E. dial., a , corruptly for he , he, heo , she, he , it, heo , hi , they.] An old (and modern provincial) corruption of all genders and both numbers of the third personal pronoun, he, she, it, they. So quotha , that is, quoth he. A babbled of green fields. Shak ., Hen. V., ii. 3. IMG:content-0029.png:[blocks in formation] a9 (a ora), interj . [See ah and O.] The early form of ah , preserved, archaically, before a leader's or chieftain's name, as a war-cry (but now treated and pronounced as the indefinite article). The Border slogan rent the sky, A Home! a Gordon! was the cry. Scott, Marmion. a10. [L. a , the usual form of ab , from, of, before consonants: see ab- .] A Latin preposition, meaning of, off, away from, etc. It occurs in certain phrases: as, a prior i , a posterior i, a mensa et thoro , etc.; also in certain personal names of medieval or modern origin: as, Thomas a Kempis, that is, Thomas of Kempen, the school-name given to Thomas Hammer ken, born at Kempen near Dü eldorf; Abraham a Sancta Clara, that is, Abraham of St. Clare, the name a umed by Ulrich Megerle. The true name of Thomas a Becket (written also A ' Becket, and, in un-English fashion, à Becket, A Becket) was simply Thomas Becket or Beket; the a appears to be a later insertion, though supported by such late Middle English names as Wydo del Beck't, Johnde Beckote, William Beck, etc., that is, of or at the brook [* becket , not found as a common noun, being appar. a dim. of beck , a brook, or perhaps becquet , bequet , a pike (fish), dim. of bec , beak]. a-. A prefix or an initial and generally inseparable particle. It is a relic of various Teutonic and cla ical particles, as follows: a-1. [ er- = Goth. us- , before a vowel uz- , before r ur- ), a common unaccented prefix of verbs, meaning 'away, out, up, on,' often merely intensive, in mod. E. usually without a ignable force. It appears as an independent prep. in OHG. ur, Goth. us, out, and as an accented prefix of nouns and adjectives in OHG. MHG. G. ur-, D. oor-, AS. or-, E. or in ordeal and ort , q. v. In nouns from verbs in AS. athe accent fell upon the prefix, which then retained its length, and has in one word, namely, E. oakum , a - cumba , entered mod. E. with the reg. change of AS. a under accent, losing all semblance of a prefix.] An unaccented inseparable prefix of verbs, and of nouns and adjectives thence derived, originally implying motion away, but in earlier English merely intensive, or, as in modern English, without a ignable force, as in abide , abode, arise, awake , ago = agone , etc. The difference between abide, arise, awake , etc., and the simple verbs bide , rise , wake , etc., is chiefly syllabic or rhythmic. In a few verbs this prefix has taken in spelling a Latin semblance, as in accurse, affright, allay , for a- curse , a - fright , a-lay. a-2. [ a , a , a reduced form of ME. and AS. an , on see a3, prep ., and on.] An apparent prefix, properly a preposition, the same as a3 , prep . When used before a substantive it forms what is really a prepositional phrase, which is now generally written as one word, with or without a hyphen, and regarded as an adverb or as a predicate adjective: as, to abed , to be asleep , to be all a - tremble , verbal nouns in -ing it forms what is regarded as a present participle, either active, as, they are a - coming (colloq.), or pa ive, as, the house was a - building . In the latter uses the a is usually, and in all it would be properly, written separately, as a preposition. See a3, prep . , where the uses are explained. a-3. [ a , ā (only in ādūn, adūne , a reduced form of of dune ), a reduced form of of , E. of , off : see of , off , and cf. a-4.] A prefix, being a reduced form of Anglo-Saxon of , prep., English off , from, as in adown (which see), or of later English of , as in anew , afresh , akin , etc. (which see). a-4. [ of- , of- , an intensive prefix, orig. the same as of , prep.: see a -3 and of .] A prefix, being a reduced form of Anglo-Saxon of- , an intensive prefix, as in athirst, ahungered (which see). a-5. [ and- , q. v.] A prefix, being a reduced form of and- (which see), as in along1 (which see). a-6. [ ge- (see i-), as in along2 [ gelang ], aware [ ge - wær ], aford , now spelled afford , simulating the Latin prefix af- [ ge - forth i an ], among [AS. ge - mang , mixed with on - ge - mang and on - mang ], etc. The same prefix is other wise spelled in enough , iwis , yclept , etc. a-7. [ at- , æt in æt - for an , mixed in later E. with on - for an , afore: see afore .] A prefix, being a reduced form of at- , mixed with afor on-, in afore (which see). a-9. (A mere syllable.] A quasi-prefix, a mere opening syllable, in the interjections aha , ahoy . In aha , and as well in ahoy , it may be considered as ah . a-10. [A reduced form of D. houd . Cf. a-9.] A quasi-prefix, a mere opening syllable, in avast , where a-, however, represents historically Dutch houd in the original Dutch expre ion houd vast = English hold fast . a-11. [ ad- , or a imilated ab- , ac-, af-, etc.: see ad- .] A prefix, being a reduced form of the Latin prefix ad- . In Old French and Middle English regularly a , and so properly in modern French and English, as in avouch [ult. L. advocare ], amount [ult. ad montem], ανα lanche [ult. ad vallem ], abet , ameliorate , etc.; but in later Old French and Middle English a took in spelling a Latin semblance, ad- , ac- , af , etc., and so in modern English, as in addre , account, affect , aggrieve , etc., where the doubled consonant is unetymological. See ad-. a-12. [L. a- , a later and parallel form of ad before sc- , sp- , st- , and gn- .] A prefix, being a reduced form (in Latin, and so in English, etc.) of the Latin prefix ad- before sc- , sp- , st- , and gn- , as in ascend , aspire , aspect , astringent , agnate , etc. a-13. [ ab- : see ab- .] A prefix, being a reduced form (in Middle English, etc.) of Latin ab- , as in abate (which see). In a few verbs this a- has taken a Latin semblance, as in abs - tain (treated as ab - stain ), as - soil . See these words. a-14. [L. afor ab- before v : see ab- .] A prefix, being a reduced form (in Latin, and so in English, etc.) of the Latin prefix ab- , from, as in avert (which see). a-15. [ a- , ex- , out: see eand ex- .] A prefix, being an altered form of e-, reduced form of Latin ex-, as in amend , abash , etc., aforce , afray (now afforce , affray ), etc. (which see). a-16. [ME. a- , reduced form of an- for en- , an- for en-, in some words now obsolete or spelled in semblance of the Latin, or restored, as in acloy , a cumber, apair , etc., later accloy , accumber, modern encumber , impair , etc. a-17. [Ult. ah , interj.] A quasi-prefix, representing original Latin ah , interj., in alas (which see). a-18. [ av- , inseparable negative prefix, known as alpha privative (Gr. ά- στερητικόν), = L. in- =Goth. AS. E., etc., un-: see un -1.] A prefix of Greek origin, called alpha privative, the same as English un- , meaning not, without, -le , used not only in words taken directly or through Latin from the Greek, as aby , adamant , acatalectic , etc., but also as a naturalized English prefix in new formations, as achromatic , asexual , etc., especially in scientific terms, English or New Latin, as Apteryx , A siphon at a , etc. a-19. [ ἀθροιστικόν ), commonly without, but sometimes and prop. with, the aspirate, a- , orig. * oa- = Skt. sa- , sam- . Cf. Gr. apa , together, = E. same , q. v.] A prefix of Greek origin, occurring unfelt in English acolyte , adelphous , etc. a-20. [ ἐπιτατικόν ), prob. orig. the same as a copulative: see a -19.] A prefix of Greek origin, occurring unfelt in atlas, amaurosis , etc. a-21. [Ult. al , the.] A prefix of Arabic origin, occurring unfelt in apricot , azimuth , hazard (for * azard ), etc., commonly in the full form al- . See al -2. -al. [L. -a (pl. -a), It. -a (pl. -e), Sp. Pg. -a (pl. -as ), Gr. -a, -n (pl. -αι , L. spelling -æ ), = AS. -u, -e, or lost; in E. lost, or represented unfelt by silent final e.] A suffix characteristic of feminine nouns and adjectives of Greek or Latin origin or semblance, many of which have been adopted in English without change. Examples are: (a) Greek (first declension in Latin spelling), idea , coma , basilica , mania , etc.; (6) Latin (first declension), area , arena , formula , copula , nebula , vertebra , etc., whence (c), in Italian, opera , piazza , stanza, etc.; (d) Spanish, armada , flotilla , mantilla , etc.; (e) Portu guese, madeira ; ( f ) New Latin, chiefly in scientific terms, alumina , soda, silica , etc.; dahlia , fuchsia , camellia, etc., amaba, Branta, etc.; common in geo graphical names derived from of formed according to Latin or Greek, as Asia , Africa, America , Polynesia , Arabia, Florida , etc. In English this suffix marks sex Anna , etc. (some having a corresponding masculine, as in personal names, as in Julia, Maria, Cornel i us, Julius , etc.), and in a few feminine terms from the Italian, Spanish, etc., having a corresponding mascu line, as donna , doña , duenna , signora , señora, sultana, inamorata , etc., corresponding to masculine don , signor , señor, sultan , inamorato , etc. -a2. [L. -a, pl. to um, Gr. e, pl. to -ου, 20 declension; L. -a, -i-a, pl. to -um, -e, = Gr. -a, -a3. [Sometimes written, and treated in dic- tionaries, as a separate syllable, but prop. written as a suffix, being prob. a relic of the ME. inflexive -e, which in poetry was pro- nounced (e. g., ME. stil-e, mil-e: see quot.) whenever the meter required it, long after it had ceased to be pronounced in prose.] An unmeaning syllable, used in old ballads and songs to fill out a line. Jog on, jog on, the footpath way, And merrily hent the stile- a ; A merry heart goes all the day, Your sad tires in a mile-a. IMG:content-0030.png:[blocks in formation] IMG:content-0031.png:[blocks in formation] IMG:content-0032.png:[blocks in formation] Aaronitic (ar-on-it'ik), a. [ abaciscus (ab-a-sis'kus), n.; pl. abacisci (-1). [ML., ἀβακίσκος , a small stone for inlay- ing, dim. of άβαξ: see abacus.] In arch ., a di- minutive of abacus in its various senses. Also called abaculus . Schaff- Herzog , Encyc., p. 1923. Aaron's-beard (ar'onzor a'ronz-bērd), n. [See Ps. cxxxiii. 2.] 1. A dwarf evergreen shrub, Hypericum calycinum , with large flowers (the largest of the genus) and numerous accounts; a calculator. stamens, a native of southeastern Europe, and sometimes found in cultivation; St.-John's- wort: so called from the conspicuous hair-like stamens.-2. The smoke-tree, Rhus Cotinus . - 3. A species of saxifrage ( Saxifraga sarmen- tosa ) found in cultivation; Chinese saxifrage. Aaron's-rod (ar'onzor a'ronz-rod), n. Ex. vii. 10; Num. xvii. 8.] 1. In arch ., an orna- ment consisting of a straight rod from which pointed leaves sprout on either side. The term is also applied to an ornament consisting of a rod with one serpent entwined about it, as distinguished from a caduceus , which has two serpents. abacist (ab'a-sist), n . [=It. abachista , an arith- metician, abacista , abacus : see aba- cus , 2.] One who uses an abacus in casting 2. A popular name of several plants with tall flowering stems, as the goldenrod, the hag-ta- Ab (ab), n. [Heb. Cf. Heb. eb , verdure.] The per, etc. eleventh month of the Jewish civil year, and the fifth of the ecclesiastical year, answering to a part of July and a part of August. In the Syriac calendar Ab is the last summer month. ab-. [L. ab- , prep. ab , older form ap = Etrur. αν = Gr. ἀπό=Skt. apa =Goth. af =OHG.aba, MHG. G. ab = AS. of (rarely, as a prefix, af- ), E. of , off : see of , off , apo , and a-13, a-14.] A prefix of Latin origin, denoting disjunction, separation, or departure, off, from, away, etc., as in abduct , abjure , etc. Before c and t , ab becomes (in Latin, and so in English, etc.) abs , as in abscond , ab- stain , etc.; before v and it becomes a, as in avert, amentia, etc. In abbacinate and abbreviate , the prefix (reduced to ain abridge , which see) is rather an a imi- A. B. 1. An abbreviation of the Middle and New Latin Artium Bac cal aureus , Bachelor of Arts. In England it is more commonly written B. A. See bachelor .-2. An abbreviation of able - bodied , placed after the name of a seaman on a ship's papers. abal (ab'a), n. [ abā .] 1. A coarse woolen stuff, woven of goats' or camels' or other hair or wool in Syria, Arabia, and neighboring coun- tries. It is generally striped, sometimes in plain bars of black and white or blue and white, sometimes in more elaborate patterns. 2. (a) An outer garment made of the above, very simple in form, worn by the Arabs of the desert. The illustration shows such an aba, made of two breadths of stuff sewed together to make an oblong about four by nine feet. This is then folded at the lines a b , a b , the top edges are sewed together atac, ac, and armholes are cut at a f , a f . A little simple embroidery in IMG:content-0033.png:[subsumed][merged small][subsumed][merged small][subsumed][subsumed][ocr errors] colored wool on the two sides of the breast completes the garment. deis the seam between the two breadths of (b) A garment of similar shape worn in the stuff, and this is covered by a piece of colored material. towns, made of finer material. sleeved cloak of camel's hair, called an Aba . It is made in many patterns, and of all materials, from pure silk to coarse sheep's wool. R. F. Burton , El-Medinah, p. 150. aba2 (ab'ä), n. [From the name of the in- vent or.] An altazimuth instrument, designed by Antoine d'Abbadie, for determining latitude on land without the use of an artificial hori- zon. abaca (ab'a-kä), n . The native Philippine name of the plant Musa textilis , which yields manila hemp. Also spelled abaka . abacay (ab'a-kā), п . [Native name.] A kind of white parrot; a calangay. They drewe abacke , as halfe with shame confound. Spenser, Shep. Cal. (June). 2. On or at the back; behind; from behind. His gallie... being set upon both before and abacke . Knolles, Hist. of Turks, fol. 879 A. Oh, would they stay aback frae courts, And please themsel's wi' country sports. Eng.]-5. Naut . , in or into the condition of re- ceiving the wind from ahead; with the wind acting on the forward side: said of a ship or of her sails. Laid aback ( naut . ), said of sails (or of ve els) when they are placed in the same position as when taken aback, in order to effect an immediate retreat, or to give the ship sternway, so as to avoid some danger dis- covered before her. - Taken aback, (a) Naut . , said of a ve el's sails when caught by the wind in such a way as to pre them aft against the mast. Hence-(b) Figura- tively, suddenly or unexpectedly checked, confounded, or disappointed: as, he was quite taken aback when he was (the garden by abrace back at thaine refused admittance. - To ( naut .), to swing sails may be aback, in order to check a ship's progre or give her sternway. aback2+ (ab'ak), n. [L. abacus : see abacus .] An abacus, or something resembling one, as a flat, square stone, or a square compartment. abacot (ab'a-kot), n . Like abocock , etc., an erro- neo us book-form of by cocket (which see). abactinal (ab-ak'ti-nal), a. [L. ab , from, + E. actinal .] In zoöl . , remote from the actinal or oral area; hence, devoid of rays; aboral. The abactinal surface may be either the upper or lower surface, according to the position of the mouth. ab abactinally (ab-ak'ti-nal-i), adv . In an abac- IMG:content-0034.png:[graphic] IMG:content-0035.png:[graphic] IMG:content-0036.png:[graphic] IMG:content-0037.png:[blocks in formation] abacus cla ic styles, the lower surface of the architrave. In the Greek Doric it is thick and square, with out sculptured decoration; in the Ionic order it is thinner, and ornamented with moldings on the sides; in the Corinthian also it is ornamented, and has concave sides and truncated corners. In medieval architecture the entablature was abandoned and the arch placed directly on the column or pillar; the abacus, however, was retained until the decline of the style. In Byzantine work it is often a deep block affiliated with Capital of the Par the non. A, abacus . cla ic examples. In western styles every variety of size, shape, and ornamentation occurs. The general use of a polygonal or round abacus, as more consonant with neighboring forms than the square shape, is one of the distinctive features of perfected Pointed architecture. ( b ) Any rectangular slab or piece; especially, a stone or marble tablet serving as a sideboard, shelf, or credence.-4. In Rom . antiq., a board divided into compartments, for use in a game of the nature of draughts, etc.-5. The mystic staff carried by the grand master of the Templars. Abacus harmonic us. (a) In anc, music, a diagram the notes with their names. (b) The structure and arrangement of the keys or pedals of a musical instrument. - Abacus major, a trough in which gold is washed. E. D. -Abacus Pythagoricus. See 2, above. Abaddon (a-bad'on), n. [L. Abaddon , abaddon , destruction, abad , be lost or destroyed.] 1. The destroyer or angel of the bottomle pit; A polly on (which see). Rev. ix. 11.-2. The place of destruction; the depth of hell. Thy bold attempt. IMG:content-0038.png:[blocks in formation] distal margin of the shell. They are used for ornamental purposes, such as inlaying, and for the manufacture of buttons and other articles. Also called earshell, and by the Japanese awabi (which see). - Abalone me at, the dried animal of the abalone. It is exported from California in large quantities. abamurus (ab-a-mu'rus), n. [ML., aba- (OF. a bas , down, below) + L. murus , wall.] A buttre , or a second wall added to strengthen an other. Weale . abant (a-ban'), v. t. [ abanne (n), How durst the Bishops in this present council of Trident so solemnly to abanne and accurse all them that dared to find fault with the same? Bp . Jewell , Works, II. 697. abandt (a-band'), v. t. [Short for abandon .] 1. To abandon (which see). And Vortiger enforst the king do me to aband. Spenser, F. Q., II. x. 65. down. R. H. Dana , Jr. , Before the Mast, p. 32. Abaft the beam ( naut .), behind a line drawn through abaisancet (a-ba's ans), n. [OF. abai ance, abasement, humility (see abase ); in E. use confused with obeisance .] Same as obeisance : as, "to make a low abai ance ," Skinner , Etymol. Ling. Ang. the middle of a ship at right angles to the keel. abaiser (a-bā'sėr), n. [Origin not ascertained.] Ivory-black or animal charcoal. Weale ; Sim monds. 'Tis better far the enemies to aband Quite from thy borders.