vulcanize

t. [Eng. vulcan; -ize.] To treat by the proce of vulcanization, as india-rubber. vŭl-can-ized, pa. par. & a. [VULCANIZE.] vulcanized india-rubber, s. India-rubber subjected to the proce of vulcanization (q. v.). vŭl-can-iz-ěr, s. [Eng. vulcaniz (e); -er.] who or that which vulcanizes: specifically, the apparatus used in vulcanizing india-rubber. One IMG:content-0590.png:[blocks in formation] *vŭl-can-ol-ô-gỹ, s. [English vulcano =a volcano; suff. -ology .] Physics: That department of natural science which concerns itself with igneous phenomena, as volcanoes, hot springs, . "Under Vulcanology he treats of the volcanic eruptions during the two years."- Nature , Oct. 22, 1885, p. 609. vŭl-gar, a . & s . [Fr. vulgaire =vulgar, common, from Lat. vulgar is , from vulgus the common people, lit-a crowd or throng; from same root as Sansc. varga =a troop; vraja =a flock, a herd, a multitude; Eng. urge .] A. As adjective : 1. Of or pertaining to the common people; plebeian. "Talk like the vulgar sort of market-men." Shakesp.: Henry VI., Pt. I., iii. 2. 2. Characteristic of or suiting the common people; as, vulgar sports, vulgar life. 3. Pertaining or belonging to, or characteristic of the lower or le refined cla es; unrefined; hence, somewhat coarse; rude, boorish, low. "Stale and cheap to vulgar company." Shakesp.: Henry IV., Pt. I., iii. 2. 4. Common, ordinary; in general use; hence, vernacular, national. "Ye are to take care that this child be brought to the Bishop to be confirmed by him, so soon as he can say the Creed, the Lord's Prayer, and the Ten Commandments in the vulgar tongue." -Book of Common Prayer; Order of Baptism . *5. Ordinary, commonplace; of ordinary or com mon occurrence. "As common As any, the most vulgar thing to sense." Shakesp.: Hamlet, i. 2. *6. Lowering one's self, with lo of dignity or self-respect; making one's self too cheap. "Be thou familiar, but by no means vulgar." Shakesp.: Hamlet, i. 3. *7. Of common or general circulation; commonly bruited; public. "A vulgar comment will be made of it." Shakesp.: Comedy of Errors, iii. 1. *8. Consisting of common persons. "The vulgar heaps of slaughter."- Rambler . *B. As substantive: 1. One of the common people; a vulgar person. "As bad as those that vulgars give boldest titles." Shakesp.: Winter's Tale , ii. 1. 2. The vernacular tongue or common language of a country. "Abandon-which is in the vulgar , leave."-Shakesp.: As You Like It , v. 1. IMG:content-0591.png:[blocks in formation] "The reprobate vulgarity of the frequenters of Bar- tholomew Fair." -Ben Jonson: Bartholomew Fair , ii. 1. (Note by Gifford.) *3. The vulgar; the common people; the mob. "The mere vulgarity (like swine) are prone to cry out more for a little bite by the eare than for all the sordid. ne of sin."-Gauden: Tears of the Church, p. 3. (Pref.) vŭl-gar-i-zā-tion, subst . [Eng. vulgariz (e); -ation . The act or proce of making common or vulgar. IMG:content-0592.png:[blocks in formation] A. Trans .: To make vulgar or common. "He reduces and vulgarizes the standard of his own work."-Scribner's Magazine , Dec., 1878, p. 297. B. In trans.: To act in a vulgar or low manner; to lower or debase one's self. "Nor ever may descend to vulgarise , Or be below the sphere of her abode." Daniel: To Lady Anne Clifford . vul-gar-lỹ, *vul-gare-ly, adv . [English vul . gar ; -ly .] †1. In a vulgar, common, or ordinary manner; commonly; ordinarily; among the common people. "There is a large cave on the said mount, which is vulgarly believed to contain hidden treasures." - Dennis: Cities and Cemeteries of Etruria , i. 56. 2. In a vulgar, coarse, rude, or clownish manner; rudely, coarsely; as, to speak vulgarly . *3. Publicly; before all the people; openly. "So vulgarly and personally accused." Shakesp.: Measure for Measure, v. vŭl-gar-ne , s. [English vulgar ; -ne .] The quality or state of being vulgar; vulgarity. Vul-gāte, s. [Lat. vulgatus = general, common, pa. par. of vulgo to make common, general, or universal; vulgus =a crowd, the public.] Biblical Versions : The most celebrated and most widely diffused version of the Bible into the Latin language. It is believed to have been made by St. Jerome, who was born in Dalmatia A. D. 329, and died at Bethlehem A. D. 420. The early Church seems for a considerable time to have consisted mainly of members who spoke Greek, and the nece ity for a Latin version of the Scriptures was first felt in Northern Africa. One or more Latin translations were made in that quarter, which after a time were superseded by the Italic Version (q. v.). In 383 Pope Damasus urged Jerome to revise the Latin version of the New Testament by the Greek original. Undertaking the work, he found innumerable false readings, interpolations, and corruptions, and though he acted cautiously to avoid alarming the ignorant and the timid, his version was a great advance on its predece ors. He next revised the Latin version of the Old Testament by the aid of the Greek Septuagint. Finally acquiring the Hebrew tongue after he was forty five years of age, he translated the Old Testament directly from the original language. Although his version had at first to encounter the hostile clamors of the ignorant, it made way by its own merits, without much a istance from authority, through whole Latin-speaking portion of Chris The vulgar: The common people collectively; tendom. Gradually, however, the textienas the uneducated or unrefined cla people. "Drive away the vulgar from the streets." there was a further revision by To let us under the auspices of Pope Clement VIII. It was i ued in 1592, and is the authorized edition in the Roman Church. It bears the name of both pontiffs, being entitied "Biblia Sacra Latina Vulgatæ edition is Sixti V. et Clement is VIII. Wycliffe's version of the Bible was made from the Vulgate; and thus that version has affected the Authorized version, as It has those published in the languages of Western Europe. A large number of the theological terms now in use, such as "sacrament," justification," ., have been adopted from the Latin of the Vulgate. "The Latin Church found in the Vulgate an instrument for reaching all hearts and guiding all tongues." J. 8. Brewer: English Studies , p. 345. Hence, sometimes applied to the ordinary text of any author. "Let us pa from 'The Tempest' to the 'Comedy of Errors,' v. ii., 'My heavy burden are delivered. So the folio, and rightly. The vulgate gives 'burdens,' reduplicating the plural."-Notes and Queries, May 19, 1888, p. 382. vŭlned, a. [ Lat.vuln us =a wound.] wounded and bleeding; as, a bind's head vulned . vul-ner-a-bil-i-ty, s. [Eng. vulnerable, -ity.] The quality or state of being vulnerable; vulner An epithet applied to any animal that is ablene . IMG:content-0593.png:[blocks in formation] vŭl-ner-a-ble, adj . [Latin vulnerabilis , from vuln us (gen it. vulneris )=a wound; Sp. vulnerable ; Ital. vulnerabile .] 1. Capable of being wounded; susceptible of or liable to wounds or external injuries. "Seeking where he was vulnerable most." Cowper Homer's Iliad, xxii. 2. Liable to injury; subject to be affected injuriously. "If you are vulnerable in your character you will be deeply wounded."-Knox: E ay 85. *3. Wounding. "To throw the vulnerable and inevitable darte."- Harl . Miscell., v. 440. vul-ner-a-ble-ne , s. [ Eng.vulnerable; -ne . ] The quality or state of being vulnerable; vulnerability.