SMOKE SCREENS

Among the anti-submarine devices used during the World War, was the smoke screen. large dense cloud of smoke was produced, behind, or in the center of which, the boats under attack would hide from enemy submarines. All that was visible through the periscope of the submarine was this dense cloud, which under favorable weather conditions covered a considerable area. Having, of course, no knowledge of the position of the boat or boats in the cloud, the submarine could only discharge its torpedo at random. Various methods were employed for producing these smoke screens, but all were similar in principle. In the ‘smoke ball,’ for instance, materials having a high carbon content were caused to burn slowly, under such conditions that combustion was incomplete. In this way, great yee ae of smoke were produced. Considerable succe attended the use of these screens, the protection afforded being appreciable. Favorable conditions of wind and weather were, however, nece ary, the screens bein obviously of no value in high winds. ment, Ru ia; hilly or undulating forest-clad; principal river is the 1910, er; chief 1,949,600. occupation, Capital, agriculture. Smolensk| ° ar (54° 49’ N., 382° 3’ E.), on Dnieper; an old citadel, cathedral, and numerous churches; scene of a victory by under Napoleon in 1812. Pop. (1721-71), Scot. novelist and man letters; 6. Dalquhurn, Dumb art on shire;|of of good family and education; studied med. but early aspired to literary went to London at eighteen to fortune with tragedy The Regicide, failed; sailed as surgeon’s mate on ship to West Indies, 1746; failing physician, took to novel-writing hack-work with marked succe , although financially 8. never flourished; cynical, but warm-hearted. His three known works are Roderick Random, 1748; Peregrine Pickle, 1751, and masterpiece, Humphrey Clinker, S. had great narrative faculty; Random is written in first person, Pickle in biographical fashion, and Clinker form of letters. All are tainted coarsene . §. also wrote a History Hingland, Count Fathom, Sir Launce lot Greaves, The Adventures of an (political lJampoon), Travels through France and Italy, trans. of Don Quixote, etc.