Carlyle, Lects

on the Hist. of Lit., p. 196. Gouda (Gou'da), or Ter-Gouw (ter-Gou'), or Ter-Gouwe. A town in the province of South Holland, Netherlands, situated at the junction of the Gouwe and Y el, 12 miles northeast of Rotter dam. It is noted for its bricks and pipes, and has large markets for cheese and other dairy products. The museum and the Groote Kerk are of interest. Population (1891), 20,037. Goudimel (gö-de-mel'), Claude. Born at Vaison, near Avignon, about 1510: killed at Lyons in the ma acre on St. Bartholomew's day, Aug. 24, 1572. A noted French composer and teacher of music. He set to music some of the Psalms in their French version by Marot and Beza (1565). Gough, Alexander Dick Gough (gof), Alexander Dick. Born Nov. 3, 1804: died Sept. 8, 1871. An English architect and engineer. He devoted himself especially to ecclesiastical architecture. Gough, Hugh, first Viscount Gough. Born at Woods town, Limerick, Ireland, Nov. 3, 1779: died near Dublin, March 2, 1869. A British general. He was commander-in-chief in China 1841-42 and in India 1843-49, commanding in person in the Sikh wars 1845-49. Gough, John Bartholomew. Born at Sandgate, Kent, England, Aug. 22, 1817: died at Philadelphia, Feb. 18, 1886. A noted Anglo-American orator, distinguished particularly as a temperance lecturer in America and Great Britain. He came to the United States in 1829, and began lecturing in 1843. He visited England in 1853, 1857, and 1878. He published an "Autobiography" (1846), "Sunshine and Shadow" (1881), etc. Goujet (gö-zhā'), Claude Pierre, Abbé. Born at Paris, Oct. 19, 1697: died at Paris, Feb. 1, 1767. A French historical and miscellaneous writer. His works include "Bibliothèque française, ou his to ire littéraire de la France" (1740-59), "Bibliothèque des auteurs ecclésiastiques" (1736), "Origine et his to ire de française, etc." Goujon (go-zhon), Jean, Born about 1515 (?): died probably between 1564-68. A celebrated sculptor of the French Renai ance period. Nothing is known definitely of his life. In 1540 he is mentioned as working on Saint-Maclou at Rouen: the little door of this church ascribed to him dates, however, from a later period. In 1541 he left Rouen for Paris, where he joined Pierre Lescot in the decoration of Saint Germain l'Auxerrois. From Paris he went to Rouen, where the architect Bullant was reconstructing the chateau. The "Victory" of Écouen is well known. At about this time he is thought to have developed a tendency toward the Huguenot party. From 1547 to 1550 was his first period of work on the Louvre, then under reconstruction by Pierre Lescot, (See Louvre and Pierre Lescot.) To it belong the escalier (staircase) of Henry II., the figures of the wils-debœuf, the Caryatides du Louvre, and the figures of the Fontaine des Innocents. In 1550 Goujon went to Anet to work on the château of Diane de Poitiers, which was then building by Philibert de l'Orme. The Diane Cha ere e (traditionally representing the great Diana herself), which stood in the courtyard of the chateau, is now in the Louvre. Gounod (gö-nō'), Charles François. Born at Paris, June 17, 1818: died at St.-Cloud, Oct. 18, 1893. A French composer. He entered the Conservatoire in 1836, took the second prix de Rome for his cantata "Marie Stuart et Rizzio" in 1837, and in 1839 took the grand prix for his cantata "Fernando." He at one time thought of entering the church. After some years of study he produced his "Me e Solennelle in G," some numbers of which were brought out by Hullah in London in 1851. From 1852 to 1860 he was conductor of the "Orphéon" in Paris. "Faust" was produced at the Théâtre Lyrique, March 19, 1859, and placed him at once in the first rank of his profe ion. Among his other operas are "Sapho" (1851), "Le médec in malgré lui," from Molière's comedy (1858), "Philémon et Baucis" (1860), "La reine de Saba" (1862), "Mireille" (1864), "Roméo et Juliette" (1867), "Cinq-Mars" (1877), "Polyeucte" (1878), etc. He also wrote much church music, an oratorio ("La rédempt i on," 1882), the religious work "Mors et vita" (1885), and many single songs and pieces, besides a great deal of music for the Orphéonistes. Gour. See Gaur. Gourgaud (gör-gō'), Baron Gaspard. Born at Gozzi, Count Carlo life or personal freedom of James VI. of Scot- land, by John Ruthven (earl of Gowrie), Alex- ander Ruthven, and others. It resulted in the death of the leaders in a struggle with the king's followers at Perth, Aug. 5, 1600, Goya (gō'yä). A town in the province of Cor- rientes, Argentine Republic, situated near the Paraná about lat. 29° 10' S., long. 59° 20′ W. Population, about 4,000. Goyanás (gō-yä-näs'). A race of Indians for- merly occupying the Brazilian coast between Angra dos Reis and the island of Cananea, and, inland, the country about the present city of São Paulo. They lived in the open lands, were savages of a low grade, subsisted by hunting and fishing, and prac- tised little or no agriculture: commonly they dwelt in caves. The Goyanás were enemies of the Tupi hordes, but readily made friends with the whites, and were among the first to whom Anchieta and Nobrega preached. The Goyatacás (which see) appear to have been of the same race. It has been supposed that the Camés and other mixed tribes are partly derived from them. Also written July 25, 1852. A French general. He took part Napoleon to St. Helena in 1815. He published, with Monin most of the Napoleonic campaigns, and accompanied tholon, "Mémoires de Napoléon à Sainte-Hélène" (1823). Gourgues (görg), Dominique de. Born at Mont-de-Marsan, Landes, Frand France, about 1530: died at Tours, France, 1593. A French adventurer. He commanded a succe ful expedition against the Spaniards in Florida 1567. Gourko, or Gurko (gör'kō), Joseph Vladimirovitch. Born Nov. 15, 1828. A noted Ru ian general. In the Ru o-Turkish war of 1877-78 he led an army acro the Balkans July, 1877; was defeated by Suleiman Pasha at Eski Zaghra July 31-Aug. 1; distinguished himself in the operations against Plevna in Oct.; again ad vanced acro the Balkans Dec., 1877; and entered Sophia Jan. 4, 1878. He was governor of Poland 1883-94. Gou et (gö-sa'), Thomas Marie Joseph. Born at Montigny-les-Cherlieux, Haute-Saône, France, May 1, 1792: died at Rheims, France, Dec. 24, 1866. A French cardinal and theolog i cal writer. His works include "Théologie dogmatique" (1844), "Théologie morale" (1848), Gouvion-Saint-Cyr (gö-vyon san-ser'), Laurent. Born at Toul, France, April 16, 1764: died in the south of France, March 17, 1830. A French marshal. He gained the victory of Polotsk in 1812, and was minister of war 1815 and 1817-19. Before 1560 he completed the decoration of the Louvre. etc. After 1560-61 his name ne disappears from the list of "Mai tres Maçons" working with Pierre Lescot. He is supposed during the ma acre of St. Bartholomew (1572). Goulburn (göl'bern). A city in Argyle County, New South Wales, Australia, 105 miles southwest of Sydney. Population (1891), 10,916. Goulburn (göl bern), Henry. Born at London, March 19, 1784: died near Dorking, Surrey, Jan. 12, 1856. An English politician. He was chancellor of the exchequer 1828-30, home secretary 18341835, and chancellor of the exchequer 1841-46. Gould (göld), August us Add is on. Born at New Ipswich, N. H., April 23, 1805: died at Boston, Sept. 15, 1866. An American naturalist, especially noted as a conchologist. Among his chief works are "Invertebrate Animals of Ma achuBetts (1841), Mollusca and Shells of the U. S. Exploring Expedition under Capt. Wilkes" (1852). Gould, Baring. See Baring -Gould. Gould, Benjamin Apthorp. Born at Boston, Sept. 27, 1824: died at Cambridge, Ma ., Nov. 26, 1896. A noted American astronomer. He was long employed in astronomical work in connection with the U. S. Coast Survey; was director of the Dudley Observa- tory at Albany 1855-59; and from 1870 to 1885 had charge of the National Observatory at Cordoba, Argentina. This ob- servatory was organized by him, and during his director- ship it i ued the most important series of astronomical re- ports that have appeared in South America. He founded and edited an astronomical journal at Cambridge, Ma . Gould, Hannah Flagg. Born at Lancaster, Ma ., 1789: died at New bury port, Ma ., Sept. 5, 1865. An American poet. She removed with her parents in 1800 to New bury port, where she spent the remainder of her life. Gould, Jay. Born at Roxbury, Delaware County, N. Y., May 27, 1836: died at New York, Dec. 2, 1892. An American capitalist. He began life as a surveyor; became engaged in the lumber busine ; and about 1857 became connected with a bank in Strouds burg, Pennsylvania. He subsequently became president of the Rutland and Washington Railroad, but soon resigned and went to New York, where he became president of the Erie Railway. His manipulation of this road in connection with James Fisk, Jr. (who was vice-president and treasurer), became notorious. He was obliged to restore to the English bondholders securities representing $7,550,000. He was later identified with the Western Union Telegraph Co., and with the extensive railroad combinations in the southwestern States known as the "Gould system." He left property valued at $72,000,000. Gould, John. Born at Lyme-Regis, Dorset, England, Sept. 14, 1804: died at London, Feb. 3, 1881. An English ornithologist. He began life as a gardener at Ripley Castle, Yorkshire, and became taxidermist to the London Zoological Society in 1827. He illustrated the "Century of Birds from the Him a lay an Mountains," and published "Birds of Europe" (1832-37), "Birds of Australia" (1840-48), "Monograph of the Trochil ide" (1849-61), "Birds of Great Britain" (1862-73), etc. He illustrated these works with nearly 3,000 plates. Govan (guv'an). A western suburb of Glasgow, Scotland. Govardhana (gō-vär-dhänä). In Hindu mythology, a a mountain in Vrindavana which Krishna induced the cowherds to worship instead of Indra. The god in rage sent a deluge to wash away the mountain and its people, but Krishna held up the mountain on his little finger to shelter the people, and Indra, baffled, did homage to Krishna. Governor's Island. A small fortified island, belonging to the United States, situated in New York harbor about mile south of New York. Gow (gou), Nathaniel. Born at Inver, Perth shire, March 22, 1766: died at Edinburgh, Jan. 17, 1831. A Scotch violinist and composer. Gow, Niel. Born at Inver, Perth shire, March 22, 1727: died there, March 1, 1807. A Scotch violinist and composer, father of Nathaniel Gow. He was the author of several popular Se Gower (gou'ér). 1. A character in Shakspere's "Henry IV.," part 2, and in "Henry V.": an officer in the king's army. 2. In Shakspere's "Pericles," a character who appears as chorus. Gower, John. Born about 1325: died in the priory of St. Mary Overies, South wark, 1408. An English poet. Little is known of his early life, but he Scotch airs. appears to have lived in Kent and to have been a man of wide reading. He was well known at court in his later His principal work, the "Confe io A mantis" (written in English, probably in 1386), was originally dedi. cated to Richard II., but in 1394 he changed the dedication to Henry of Lancaster (afterward Henry IV.). Caxton printed it in 1483. Among his other works are "Speculum Med it antis" (written in French, recently found) and "Vox Clamant is" (a poem written in Latin, begun in 1381). After the acce ion of Henry VI., Gower, then an old man, added a supplement, the "Tripartite Council." It treats of occurrences of the time, and the strength of its aspirations and teaching caused Chaucer to call him "the moral Gower." "Ballades" and other poems (mostly in French) were printed in 1818. Gower. A peninsula in Glam organs hire, Wales, which projects into Bristol Channel. The majority of the inhabitants are of Flemish or Norman origin. Gowrie (gou'ri), Carse of. A low-lying tract of fertile land in Perth shire, Scotland. extending along the north bank of the Tay, for about 15 miles, between Perth and Dundee. Gowrie Conspiracy. A conspiracy against the or Goayanacеs. Goyanna (gō-yän'nä). A town in the state of Pernambuco, Brazil, situated on the river Go Retete 50 miles north of Recife. Population, about 5,000. Goyás (gō-yäs'). An extinct tribe of Brazilian Indians who lived in the region between the To can tins and Araguaya. Their women wore gold or naments, which led the first Portuguese explorers to the discovery of rich gold-mines. The city and subsequently the captaincy (now state) of Goyaz were named from them. Also written Gwayás , and (a double plural) Goyazes or Guayazes. es. Goyatacá (gō-yä-tä-kä'), or Goyotacá (gō-yō-täkä'). A sub-stock of the Tapuya race of Brazilian Indians: so called by Martius because he believed that the ancient Goyatacás were of the same group. It includes the Caropós, Macunís, Patachós, and other hordes in northeastern Minas Geraes, southern Bahia, and Espirito Santo. Goyatacás (gō-yä-tä-käs'). [So called by the Tupís, from guatá , to run, and cá , to be: 'runners. A tribe of Brazilian Indians which, at the time of the conquest, occupied the open lands near the coast in what is now the eastern part of the state of Rio de Janeiro. They were wandering savages, in customs and apparently in language allied to the Goyanás (which see). For many years they were dangerous enemies of the whites. Also written Goaytacaes, Guaitacas , and (a double plural) Guoitacazes , Goaytacaces, and Goitacazes ; hence Campos dos Goitacazes, abbreviated to Campos , the name of a city. Goya y Lucientes (gō'yä ë lö-the-en'tes), Francisco. Born at Fuendetodos, near Sarago a, Spain, March 31, 1746: died at Bordeaux, France, March 16, 1828. A noted Spanish painter and etcher. Among his works are portraits, satirical works, representations of bull-fights, etc. He is also known as a caricaturist and satirist. He has been called "the Hogarth of Spain." Goyaz (gō-yäz'). 1. A state of Brazil, lying east of Matto Gro o and north of Minas Geraes. Area, 288,546 square miles. Population (1888), 211,721.-2. The capital of the state of Goyaz, situated on the river Vermelho in lat. 16° 26′ S., long. 49° 49′ W.: formerly called Villa Boa de Goyaz. Population, about 8,000. Goyeneche (gō-yā-nāchā), José Manuel. Born at Are quip a, Peru, June 13, 1775: died at Madrid, Spain, Oct. 15, 1846. A Spanish general. In 1808 the junta of Seville sent him to South America to receive from the viceroys and presidents their oaths of allegiance to Ferdinand VII. He remained in Peru, and from 1809 to 1813 commanded the Spanish armies in Charcas (now Bolivia), where he repeatedly defeated the revo lutionists. Returning to Spain in 1813, he a isted in the final expulsion of the French; was made lieutenant-general and count and later councilor of state, senator, and commander in several provinces. In 1846 he was made a grandee of Spain. Gozan (gō'zan). In biblical geography, a district and city in northern Me so pot am i a, mentioned in the cuneiform inscriptions. Gozlan (goz-lon'), Léon. Born at Marseilles, Sept. 1, 1803: died at Paris, Sept. 14, 1866. A French novelist and dramatist. He wrote "Le notaire de Chantilly" (1836), "Le médec in du Pecq" (1839), "Le dragon rouge" (1843), "His to ire de cent trente femmes" (1853), "Balzac en pantoufles" (1856: a familiar memoir of great interest, Gozlan having been Balzac's secretary), and "La folle du No 16" (1861) and "Le vampire du Val-de-Grâce" (1862), two pseudo-medical studies, besides many other tales, and about 18 plays, which were not so succe ful as his novels. Gozo, or Gozzo (got'sō). An island in the Mediterranean Sea, belonging to Great Britain, 4 miles northwest of Malta: the ancient Gaulos. Area, 20 square miles. Population (1891), 18,921. Gozzi (got'sē), Count Carlo. Born at Venice, Dec. 13, 1720: died April 4, 1806. An Italian dramatist and satirist. With Gozzi it had likewise the effect of leading to a new style of comedy, by the introduction of those fairy dramas which had such an astounding run, during several Gozzi, Count Carlo years, at Venice, and which are now completely forgotten, except indeed by the Germans, who, on their revival, conferred upon Count Gozzi the title of the first comic writer Sismondi, Lit. of the South of Europe, I. 532. of Italy. Gozzi, Count Gasparo, Born at Venice, Dec., 1713: died at Padua, dua, Italy, Dec. 26, 1786. An Italian critic and littérateur, brother of Carlo Gozzi. He wrote "O ervatore veneto periodico" (1768), etc.