Renan, Hist

of the People of Israel, I. 210. Shiloh. A locality in Hard in County, Tenne ee, near Pittsburg Landing, on the Tenne ee River, 88 miles east of Memphis. It was the scene of the battle of Shiloh, or Pittsburg Landing, April 6 and 7, 1862. The Federals under Grant were surprised by the Confederates under A. S. Johnston and forced back to the river. Johnston was killed, and Beau regard succeeded him. On the 7th Grant, reinforced by Buell's army, drove the Confederates from the battle-field. Lo of Federals, 13,573, including 1,735 killed; lo of Confederates, 10,699. Shimba (shēm'bä), or Bashimba (bä-shēm'bä), Pg. Baximba. A Bantu tribe of southern Angola, West Africa, on the right bank of the lower Kunene River. They are closely allied, linguistically with the Ndonga tribe. Shimoga (she-mō'gä), or Sheemogga (she-mog'gä). A district in Mysore, India, intersected by lat. 14° N., long. 75° 30′ E. Area, 3,986 square miles. Population (1891), 527,981. Shimonoseki (shim-ō-nō-sek'ē), or Simonoseki (sim-ō-nō-sek'ē). A seaport at the southern extremity of the main island of Japan, situated in lat. 33° 58′ N., long. 130° 58′ E. It was bombarded by the Americans, British, French, and Dutch in 1864, in retaliation for injuries received. An indemnity was paid by the Japanese government in 1875. Popula tion, 20,000-30,000. Shimonoseki, Strait of Shimonoseki, Strait of. A sea pa age which separates the main island of Japan from Kiusiu, and connects the Suwonadawiththe Sea of Japan. Shimonoseki, Treaty of. A treaty of peace concluded between China and Japan at Shimonoseki, April 17, 1895. The Chinese plenipotentiaries were Li-hung-chang and Li-ching-fong; the Japanese, Count Ito Hirobumi and Viscount Mutsu Munemitsu. China recognized the independence of Korea; ceded to Japan the southern portion of the province of Shingking (i. e., the Liautung peninsula from Port Arthur to the fortieth parallel), the island of Formosa, and the Pescadores Islands; agreed to pay a war indemnity of 200,000,000 Kuping taels (about $175,000,000); opened Shashih, Chungking, Suchow, and Hangchow; and granted other important commercial privileges. Japan later agreed to give up the Liautung peninsula in deference to the objec. tions of Ru ia. Shin (shin), Loch. A lake in the county of Sutherland, Scotland, situated about lat. 58° 5' N., long. 4° 30′ W. Its waters are discharged by the Oy. kill into the North Sea. Length, 17 miles. Shinar (shi'när). In Bible geography, the tract of land between the Euphrates and Tigris down to the Persian Gulf- i.e ., Babylonia in distinction from Me so pot am i a (Irak). It is now commonly identified with Shumer, which in the cuneiform inscriptions denotes Southern or Lower Babylonia, in contrast to Akkad (the biblical Accad), Upper Babylonia. Shingking (shing-king'), or Liautung (lyoutöng'). A province of Manchuria, bordering on Mongolia, Korea, Korea Bay, the Gulf of Liautung, China proper, and Kirin. Capital, Mukden. Shingle (shing'gl), Solon. A character in "The People's Lawyer," a play by J. S. Jones. The part was made popular by John E. Owens. Shinji (shēn'je), or Mashinji (mä-shēn'je), Pg. Xinge or Chinge. A Bantu tribe of Angola, West Africa, on the right bank of the Kuangu River, north and south of lat. 9° S. They are linguistically, but not politically, allied with the Makioko. Their principal chief is (1894) Kapenda ka Mulemba. Shinne cock Bay (shin'e-kok bā). An inlet of the Atlantic, on the southern side of Long Island, 75 miles east of New York city. Shinumo. See Tusayan . Shipka Pa (ship'kä pås). A pa in the Bal kans, 47 miles northeast of Philippopolis. It became famous in the war between Turkey and Ru ia in 1877-78, especially for the unsucce ful attacks of Sulei man Pasha on the Ru ian positions in Aug. and Sept., 1877. IMG:content-0901.png:[blocks in formation] Ship-money (ship'muni). In old English law, a charge or tax imposed by the king upon seaports and trading towns, requiring them to provide and furnish war-ships, or to pay money for that purpose. It fell into disuse, and was included in the Petition of Right (1628) as a wrong to be discontinued. The attempt to revive it met with strong opposition, and was one of the proximate causes of the Great Rebellion. (See Hampden , John.) It was abolished by statute 16 Charles I. c. 14 (1640), which enacted the strict observance of the Petition of Right. Ship of Fools, The. A translation by Alexander Barclay, in 1508, of Brant's "Narrenschiff" (which see). The first English book in which mention is made of the New World. Shippegan (ship-e-gän'), or Ship pagan (ship a-gän'), Island. An island in the Gulf of St. Lawrence, situated near the northeastern extremity of New Brunswick (to which it belongs), at the southern entrance to the Bay of Chaleur. Length, about 14 miles. Shippen (ship'en), Edward. Born at Philadelphia, Feb. 16, 1729: died there, April 16, 1806. An American jurist. He became chief justice of the Supreme Court of Pennsylvania in 1799. Shipton (ship'ton), Mother. Born near Knaresborough, Yorkshire, July, 1488: died about 1559. A half-mythical English prophete , baptized Ursula Southiel. She married Tony Shipton, a builder. According to tradition, however, she was the child of Agatha Shipton and the devil. See Mother Ship ton's Prophecies. Shipwreck, The. A descriptive poem by William Falconer, published in 1762. Shir Ali. See Shere Ali. Shiraz (shē'räz). The capital of Farsistan, Persia, situated about lat. 29° 36′ N., long. 52° 35′ E. It has considerable commerce, and manufactures of wine, etc.; was formerly famous for its surroundings, as the residence of Hafiz and Sadi, and as a seat of culture in the middle ages; and was at one time of great importance and the capital. It was devastated by earthquakes in 1824 and in 1853. Population, estimated, 30,000, Shiré (she'rā). A river in eastern Africa which i ues from Lake Nya a and joins the Zambesi near its mouth. Length below Lake Nya a, about 370 miles; navigable to Murchison Falls. Shirley (sher'li). A town in Hampshire, England, 2 miles northwest of Southampton. Population of Shirley and Free mantle (1891), 15,899. Shirley. A novel by Charlotte Brontë, publishe lished in 1849 under the pseudonym of Currer Bell. The heroine, Shirley Keeldar (an idealized portrait of Emily Brontë), is an impulsive girl of twenty who inherits her father's estate and administers it as squire. Shirley, James. Born at London, Sept. 18, 1596: died at London, Oct. 29, 1666. An English dramatist. He was educated at Merchant Taylors' School, London, and at both Oxford and Cambridge. Ow. ing to scruples of conscience he gave up a living to which he had been presented after ordination, taught school for a time, and from about 1625 wrote from thirty to forty plays. Among them are "Love Tricks" (published in 1631), "The Maid's Revenge" (1639), "The Brothers" (1652), "The Witty Fair One" (1633), "The Grateful Servant" (licensed in 1629, under the title of "The Faithful Servant," and printed in 1630), "The Traitor" (1635: the most powerful and pathetic of Shirley's tragedies), "Love's Cruelty" (1640), "The Changes" (1632), "Bird in a Cage" (1633), "Hyde Park" (1637), "The Ball" (licensed Nov. 16, 1632, and printed 1639 as the joint work of Chapman and Shirley), "The Gamester" (1637), "The Contention of Honour and Riches" (published in 1633, and evidently not intended for represent a Shore epithet used to propitiate Rudra, the god of storms, and then to have supplanted the name Rudra itself. According to the Vishnupurana there are 8 principal manifest a. tions of Shiva, viz.:: Rudra, Bhava, Sharva, Ishana, Pash up at i, Bhima, Ugra, and Mahadeva, which are visibly represented under 8 tan us, or material forms, viz.: the Sun, Water, Earth, Air, Fire, Ether, the officiating Brahman, and the Moon, Shiva upholding the universe by means of these forms. As presiding over reproduction which follows destruction, he is generally worshiped under phallic symbols. As sharing with Yama and Varuna the attributes of justice and punishment, he rides on a white bull, Dharına having taken this form to become Shiva's vehicle; as Kala, or destroying 'time,' he is black; as Ardhanari, 'half female,' he symbolizes the unity of the generative principle; as Pan chan an a he has 5 faces; he has 3 eyes, one in his forehead, which are held to denote his view of present, past, and future; while a crescent about the central eye marks the measure of time by months, a serpent around his neck that by years, and a necklace of skulls and serpents about his person the revolution of ages. His hair is thickly matted, and projects like a horn from his forehead. On his head he bears the Ganges. His throat is dark-blue from the poison which would have destroyed the world had he not swallowed it at the churning of the ocean. He wears sometimes a deerskin, sometimes a tiger skin, sometimes an elephant's skin, and at times sits on a tiger skin or holds a deer in one of his hands. His weapons are a trident (now held to symbolize him as Creator, Destroyer, and Regenerator), a bow, a thunderbolt, an ax, a skull-surmounted staff, and a nondescript weapon, the khinkira. He carries a drum shaped like an hour-gla , and a noose. His servants are the demons called Prama by Shirley," but the title-page of the first edition in 1640 gives it to Fletcher, who had died ten years before: Shirley claimed it as his, but it has continued to appear in all collections of Beaumont and Fletcher's works), "Chabot, Admiral of France" (the joint performance of Chapman and Shirley, licensed April 29, 1635, and printed 16:39: Shirley had little to do with this), "The Lady of Pleasure" (1637: generally considered his best play), "St. Patrick for Ireland" (1640), "The Imposture" (1652), "The Cardinal" (1652), and (1640), "The Humorous Courtier" (1640), "The Arcadia" "The Sisters" (1652). In 1659 Shirley published, together, "Honoria and Mammon "and "The Contentions of Ajax and Uly es for the Armour of Achilles." The first piece was a revision of his own interlude called "The Contention of Honour and Riches." He also wrote "Manductio, or a Leading of Children by the Hand through the Principles of Grammar" (1660). He also finished and fitted for the stage a number of Fletcher's plays. Henry Shirley, a contemporary of James Shirley, wrote a play called "The Martyred Soldier," which was acted and printed in 1638. Shirley, John. Born about 1368: died at London, Oct. 21, 1456. An English traveler and collector of manuscripts, especially those of Chaucer and Lydgate. He copied them himself "in sundry volumes to remain for posterity." Some of them are preserved in the British Museum; one at Trinity Col lege, Cambridge; and one at Sion College. Shirley, Lawrence, fourth Earl Ferrers. Born in Aug., 1720: died May 5, 1760. An English nobleman, notable as the last nobleman who died a felon's death in England. He murdered his land-steward, Johnson, in a fit of ungovernable pa ion (to which he was subject), in Jan., 1760, and was hanged at Tyburn. Shirley, Selina, Counte of Hunting don. Born near Ashby-de-la-Zouch, Aug. 24, 1707: died at London, June 17, 1791. An English religious leader, daughter of the second Earl Ferrers. She was noted as the founder of chapels and as the leader of the sect of the "Counte of Hunting don's Connexion." Shirley, William. Born at Preston, Su ex, England, 1693: died at Roxbury, Ma ., March 24, 1771. A colonial governor of Ma achusetts 1741-45. He planned the expedition against Louis burg in 1745; became governor of Ma achusetts in 1753; was commander of the British forces in America at the planned the expedition against Niagara in 1755; was made beginning of the Old French and Indian war in 1755; lieutenant-general in 1759; and afterward was governor of one of the Bahama Islands. He published "Letter to the Shirley" (1758), etc. Duke of Newcastle" (1745), "Conduct of General William Shirvan (shir-vän'). A medieval khanate south of the Caucasus, now forming part of the government of Baku, Transcaucasia, Ru ia. Chief place, Shemakha. It was incorporated with Ru ia in 1820. Shirwa (sher'wä). A lake in eastern Africa, south-southeast of Lake Nya a and east of the Shiré. Length, about 40 miles. sons Ganesha and Karttikeya. His residence is Kailasa, one of the loftiest peaks of the Himalaya. He is especially worshiped at Benares. He has even more names than Vishnu, 1,008 being specified in the Shiva Purana and the Mahabharata. See Barth's "Religions of India," 159 ff.; Williams's "Brahmanism and Hinduism," III. IV.; and Muir's "Original Sanskrit Texts," Vol. IV.