romanesque (que as k), romanesk

& s. [Fr. romanesque.] A. As adjective : 1. A term applied to the dialect of Langue doc [II. 1.]. 2. Pertaining to or denoting the style of architecture and ornament so called, prevalent during the later Roman Empire. 3. Embodying romance, representing subjects and scenes appropriate to romance; presenting fantastic and imaginary representations, as of animals or foliage. 4. Pertaining to romance; romantic. B. As substantive: Roman-ocher, s . A pigment of a rich, deep, and powerful orange-yellow color, transparent and du- rable. It is used both raw and burned, in oil and water-color painting. The coloring matter is oxide otli The common dialect of Langued 1. Church History (pl.): The adherents of the Church which is Roman in its center and catholic in its circumference. The word Catholics meaning Universal, was used in early Christian of iron mixed with earthy matter. medieval times for the great ecclesiastical organization with which the vast ma of Christians were connected. When the Reformation took place, the Protestants refused to admit that the Church which they had left was entitled to call itself Catholic, and prefixed the adjective Roman, while its adherents claimed the designation Catholic without any limiting adjective. All admit it to be catholic in the sense of being the largest Church in Christen dom, and all other episcopal Churches acknowledge the validity of the orders of its clergy. The number of Roman Catholics in the world has been estimated at 152,000,000, which is far too low; at 213,518,063, at 214.370,000, and at 218,000,000. Taking the second of these estimates, the distribution of Roman Catholics over the world is believed to be: In Europe, 150.684,050: Asia, 8,311,800: Africa, 2,656,205; America, 51,422,566; Australia and the adjacent islands, 443,442, making a total of 213,518,063, The radical difference between Protestants and Roman Catholics lies in their conception of the Church. The latter hold that the Roman Church is the Church of the New Testament, with authority to define articles of faith, and that all bodies not in communion with her are either heretical or schismatic. Protestants' views differ widely-from that of the High Churchman who, while denying the universal jurisdiction of the Pope, admits that as Bishop of Rome he is primus inter pares , to that which considers him the Man of Sin and the Antichrist of Scripture. From this fundamental difference all others nece arily follow. Roman Catholics hold the Apostles', the Nicene, and the A than asian Creeds, Transubstantiation and the sacrifice of the Ma (q. v.), Seven Sacraments [SACRAMENT, 8., II. 2.], the nece ity of Confe ion [PENANCE], the existence of a Purgatory (q.v.), the Immaculate Conception of the Virgin Mary, and the Infallibility of the Pope. 2. Law : [EMANCIPATION, PENAL-LAWS, 1, RECUSANT.] Roman Catholicism, s. The system, principles, doctrines, or rules of the Roman Catholic Church. Roman-cement, s. A compound of pozzuolan and lime. Roman-collar, s. Eccles.: A collar made of a parallelogram of lawn or fine linen, bound at the edge and stitched. It is worn by clerics and priests over a black, by bishops and prelates over a purple, and by cardinals over a scarlet stock. It is of quite modern date, and was originally only the shirt-collar turned down over the stock. Roman-law, subst . The civil law: the system of jurisprudence of the ancient Roman Empire. Roman law, like every other law, originated in custom. Its first great stage of development was reached in the publication by the Decemviri of the Twelve Tables, B. C. 451. These were supplemented rather than superseded under the republic and the empire. Under the former, enactments made in the Comitia Centu riata and the Comitia Tributa , the Senatus Consulta , and the Magisterial Edicts, and, under the latter, the Imperial Const i tut i ones had the force of law. Finally the Just in i an Code, A. D. 529, gave symmetry to the whole. The Roman law has more or le affected the legislation of all European countries. IMG:content-0716.png:[blocks in formation] Roman-school, s . 1. and some Art : The style which was formed or prevailed at Rome in the beginning of the sixteenth century, and which was remarkable for its solid and legitimate effects. The works of Raffaelle exhibit this school in its full development, and he is accordingly considered the great head of the Roman school. IMG:content-0717.png:[blocks in formation] Of twelve vast French Romances, neatly gilt." Pope : Rape of the Lock , ii. 38. 3. A fiction, a lie, a falsehood. 4. Romantic ideas or actions; a tendency of the mind toward what is romantic, mysterious, or wonderful; an intermixture of the wonderful and mysterious in literature. 5. A simple rhythmical melody suggestive of a love story; a song or short instrumental piece in ballad style. B. As adj .: Pertaining to or descriptive of the languages which arose in the south and west of Europe, being chiefly founded upon the Latin, as spoken in the provinces subject to Rome. The Romance (or Romanic) languages include the French, Provençal, Italian, Spanish, Portuguese, and Wall a chi an.