maray

Same as moray. marble (mär'bl), n. and a. [ 3624 marmel = OHG. marmul, MHG. marmel, mermel, G. marmel, also märmel, murmel, marm or = Icel. marmari Sw. Dan. marm or = OBulg. mramorú = Bulg. Serv. mramor (also mermer, marble extremely beautiful marble quarried in northern Africa; it was highly esteemed and extensively used by the Romans. The tints are variable, red and yellow predominating; the different varieties were designated by names indicating the prevailing tints. Giallo di Siena is a beautiful yellow marble of various depths of color, with darker veins, in which violet hues predominate when these veins are very numerous the marble becomes a brocatel. Pavonazzo and pavonazetto are various red and purplish marbles and breccias, some of the latter being also true marbles, but having a more or le brecciated character. The most beautiful pavonazetto is that called by the Romans marm or Synadicum or Phrygian marble, from the locality where it was obtained; it is characterized by a very irregular venation of dark-red with bluish and yellowish tints, ramifying through a translucent alabaster-like base, which is sometimes almost opaline in its play of colors. Ro o antico is a marble of very deep red color, sometimes of various shades, occasionally streaked or clouded with dark-purple or whitish tints. The original locality of the cla ic ro o antico has not been discovered, but some modern red marbles closely resemble this variety. Some of the most highly prized French colored marbles bear names peculiar to France. (See griotte, port or, sar ran colin.) The Devonian and Carboniferous of England and Ireland furnish a considerable number of ornamental marbles. Devons hire and Derby shire are the counties in which the best-known English varieties are obtained. The finest Irish variegated marbles are quarried near Armagh, and at various localities in county Cork, also at Killarney, and on the of the Kenmare river; and marble called Siena is on its coloration. Perfectly pure carbonate of lime, dolomitic limestone, and dolomite are all colorle , and white marbles-or at least such as are only slightly tinged with color are very abundant. White marble such as is used for statuary (for which purpose it must be obtained in large blocks free from flaws or defects of any kind, and perfectly uniform in tint) is extremely rare. Among the finest statuary-marbles are those used in the masterpieces of Greek erally admitted to surpa all others, especially in the sculpture, of which that from the island of Paros is gen po e ion of a certain amount of translucence by which the artistic effect of the work is heightened. The Parian quarries seem, however, to have been practically exhausted. The Pen tel i can marble, obtained from quarries near Athens, stood next to the Parian in ancient times, and its quarries are still apparently inexhaustible. At the present time the artistic world is supplied with stat uary-marble from quarries in the A pennine mountains overlooking the Bay of Spezia, and in the vicinity of Carrara, Ma a, and Serravezza. From this marble were carved the finest works of Michelangelo. These quarries, which have been extensively worked for 2,000 years, furnish, in addition to the white, a large amount of variegated marble, especially of the variety known as bar diglio. The number and variety of colored and variegated marbles used for various artistic and architectural purposes is very great. Entirely black marble capable of taking a fine polish is rare; much more common are varieties irregularly shaded with gray, bluish-gray, or dove-colored tints. Bright colors - red, yellow, green, and blue - are much rarer than the le brilliant shades, but they are seen in some marbles, and are occasionally so blended and inter banded as to produce extremely beautiful effects. These brilliant colorations are chiefly due to the presence of iron in various combinations; dark and grayish shades are gen erally caused by the presence of a greater or le amount of organic matter. In many varieties of marble the presence of organic remains embedded in the rock adds greatly to its attractivene . Joints and stems of encrinites, as well as many other kinds of fo ils, occur in this way, and by contrast of their color with that of the material in which they are inclosed, as well as by the gracefulne of their forms, produce a very fine effect. Fragments of shells embedded in calcareous rocks sometimes exhibit a brilliant display of iridescent coloration: such marbles are known as luma chelles, or, sometimes, fire marbles. A beautiful effect is occasionally produced as the result of deposition of the calcareous material in stalagmitic form, so that when cut and polished the marble exhibits concentric zones of various tints; varieties having this structure are frequently called onyx marble. The vicinity of the Mediterranean is the cla ic region of marbles. Italy, France, and Spain are rich in beautiful varieties, and these are seen in the greatest number and to the best advantage in the architectural works of ancient and modern Rome. For this reason many of the rarest and most attractive marbles are best known by Italian names, and these names are frequently applied to varieties occurring far away from the Mediterranean, from either real or fancied similarity to the Italian marbles. Some of the best-known and most highly prized cla ic variegated marbles are the following. Afri cano, from the island of Chios, is a lumachelle, or shell marble, exhibiting a great variety and brilliancy of coloration, reddish and purplish tints predominating. Bardiglio is common in the A pennine quarries, of a grayish or bluish-white color, traversed by darker veins of the same. Brocatel and brocatel lone are extremely variegated marbles, with numerous interlacing veins of yellow, violet, ing these designations has been and still is quarried in various places, and especially near Tortosa in Spain. Ci pollino is a marble with more or le of a concretionary structure, of many tints and much variety in their arrangement, with corresponding names, such as cipollino verde, mandorla to (having almond-shaped patches of color), ro880, etc.; a fine example of this marble may be seen in the columns of the Braccio Nuovo of the Vatican. Fior di persico is an exquisitely beautiful marble, with a reddish and crimson shading on a white base: called by the ancients marm or crimson tints, on a ground; marble bear Molo ium, because coming from the region inhabited by the Molo i, in what is now Albania, on the eastern coast of the Adriatic. Giallo antico or Numidian marble is an Shannon Harbor in Galway. The most important quarries of white and grayish marble in the United States are those in the Lower Silurian of Vermont and western Ma achusetts. There are very extensive marble-works at Rutland in Vermont, at Lee in Ma achusetts, and at many other points in the same geological formation. Some of the variegated marbles found on the islands and near the shores of Lake Cham plain are very handsome, but they are not extensively worked. The most popular colored marble in the United States at the present time is the Tenne ee, a light-grayish stone beautifully mottled with shades of pinkish red. This marble has been extensively employed in the capitols at Washington and Albany. There is a Ve el of Marbre , undre the Table, to re eyve the Oyle. Mandeville , Travels, p. 124. 2. A piece of sculptured or inscribed marble, especially if having some interest as an object of study or curiosity, and more particularly if ancient; any work of art in marble: as, the Elgin marbles.-3. A little ball of marble or other stone, or of baked clay, porcelain, or gla , used by children in play; an alley.-4. In gla blowing, a block or thick piece of wood in which are formed hemispherical concavities, used in the manufacture of flasks, etc., to shape the fused gla gathered upon the end of the gla -blower's pipe into an approximately spherical form by pre ing and turning it over in the concavities preparatory to the blowing. See marver. [In this sense improperly spelled marbel. ]—5+. Marble-silk. Then cam the lord tresorer with a C. gret hor e and ther cotes of marbull . H. Machyn, Diary, quoted in Rock's S. K. Textiles, p. 77. 6t. pl. A venereal disease, probably bubo. R. Green.- Egina marbles, or Æginetan marbles. See Æginetan.- Artificial marble, a composition of alum, gypsum, isingla , and coloring materials worked into a paste, molded into form, and allowed to harden.-Arundel marbles, or A run deli an marbles, also known as the Oxford marbles, a collection of ancient sculptures, inscriptions, and other antiquities, purchased by Sir William Petty at Smyrna in 1624 for the Earl of Arundel, whose grandson, at the instance of Evelyn, presented a portion of it to the University of Oxford. The most valuable object in this collection is the inscribed slab called the Parian Chronicle, from having been kept in the island of Paros. In its perfect state, the inscription contained a chronicle of the principal events in Grecian history from the time of the mythical Cecrops to the archonship of Diognetus (264 B. C.); but the part of it covering the last ninety years is now lost, and much of what remains is corroded and defaced.-Elgin marbles, a collection of ancient sculptures, for the most part of the school of Phidias and from the Par the non at Athens, taken to England during the first years of the nineteenth century by the Earl of Elgin, and now preserved in the British Mu IMG:content-0227.jpg:[graphic] IMG:content-0228.jpg:[graphic] Specimen Slab of the Elgin Marbles. A central piece of the Par the non frieze, with figures of Athena and Hephæstus. seum. These sculptures are the finest surviving work of ancient artists, and comprise the greatest part now in existence of the sculptured decoration of the Par the non, including the splendid fragments of the pediment statues, a great number of inetopes, and an extended series of the blocks carved in low relief of the cella frieze. The removal of the marbles, many of which were torn violently from their original positions upon the Par the non, to the further damage of that monument, was in itself an act of vandalism; but their transportation to England at a time when Greece was acce ible with difficulty opened the marble eyes of the world to the preeminence of Greek work. It was one of the first steps toward securing an accurate knowledge of Hellenic ideals, and has thus influenced contemporary civilization. Entrochal marble. See entrochal.-Hymettian marble. See Hymettian. - Kilkenny marble, a variety of fine black marble containing shells, much used for mantelpieces. - Ligneous marble. See ligneous.-Madrepore marble. See madrepore. - Marezzo marble, an imitation of marble and other fine-veined stones in solid slabs, the base of which is cement. Pergamene marbles, or Pergamum marbles, two series of sculptures in high relief and of an original type of Greek art, forming part of the decoration of the great altar of Zeus and Athena, erected at Pergamum by King Eumenes II. (197-159 B. C.) in commemoration of splendid victories over the invading Gauls. Abundant remains of these sculptures have been unearthed since 1875 by Karl Humann, and are now in the Berlin Museum. See Perga mene art, under Pergamene. - Pet worth marble, also called Su ex marble (both names arising from its being worked at Pet worth in Su ex), a variously colored limestone occurring in the Weald clay, containing the remains of fresh-water shells. II. a. 1. Consisting of marble: as, a marble pillar.-2. Veined or stained like marble; variegated in color; marbled. The appendix shall be printed by itself, stitched, and with a marble cover. Swift . IMG:content-0229.png:[blocks in formation] IMG:content-0230.png:[blocks in formation] in the preliminary operation of polishing; also, marcantantt, n. See mercat ante . a linen cushion with which the polishing is marcasite (mär'ka-sīt), n. [Formerly also mar- carried to completion by the agency of emery- dust or powder of calcined tin. ( b ) A marble- rubber.-2. A machine for polishing marble. Its chief element is a grinding-cylinder composed of sev- eral collars upon a mandrel. The slab of marble is placed on a table, and the cylinder, which is fed with the polish- ing-powder, rotates above it, with a longitudinally recip. rocating motion as well as one of simple revolution. For columns a large lathe is used, the stone shaft being revolved in contact with rubbers held in the tool-rest. See marble- rubber . marbler (mär'bler), n. 1. One who works in marble; a quarrier or a cutter of marble. The charter. bears the date of 1551, though the marblers [of Purbeck in England) always persist that they po e an earlier one. Harper's Mag ., LXX. 244. 2. One who stains or otherwise marks in imi- tation of marble; especially, one who marbles paper. marble-rubber (märʼbl-rub"ėr), n. A rubber for "surfacing," smoothing, and polishing flat marble slabs. It consists of a flat sole with a super- imposed tray having holes through which water and sand are supplied to the sole as needed. It is used with a com- bined reciprocating and rotary motion. marble-saw (mär'bl-sa), n. A machine for Through the pure marble air his oblique way Amongst innumerable stars.