France

The inhabitants were pygmies. Gulliver wades acro the channel and carries off its entire fleet. Bleibtreu (blīb ́troi), Georg. Born at Xanten, Rhenish Pru ia, March 27, 1828: died at Berlin, Oct. 16, 1892. A German battle-painter. His chief paintings are "Battle of Katzbach" (1857), "Battle of Waterloo" (1858), etc. Blemyes, or Blemmyes (blem'i-ēz). [Gr. Βλέμνες, Βλέμμνες.] In ancient history, a nomadic Ethiopian tribe, infesting Nubia and Upper Egypt. See Bisharin . They were frequently at war with the Romans, and were often defeated under Aurelian, Probus, and Diocletian. They were the subjects of fabulous accounts by early writers, who represent them as headle and as having their eyes, nose, and mouth in their breasts. Bléneau (blā-nō ́), Battle of. A victory gained at Bléneau (in the department of Yonne, France) by the Spaniards under Condé over Turenne in 1652: in another battle on the next day Turenne gained the advantage. Blenerha et (blen-èr-has'et), Thomas. Born about 1550: died about 1625. An English poet and historian. His best-known work is "The Second Parte of the Mirrour for Magistrates" (1578). Blenheim (blen'im), G. Blindheim (blint'hīm). A village in western Bavaria, situated on the Danube in lat. 48° 37′ N., long. 10° 36′ Ε. Near here, Aug. 13 (N. S.), 1704, the allied English, Germans, Dutch, and Danes (52,000), under the Duke of Marl borough and Prince Eugene, defeated the French and Bavarians (55,000-60,000), under Tallard. The lo of the Allies was 11,000-12,000, and that of the French and Bavarians, 40,000 (?). The battle is called by French and Germans the battle of Höchstädt. Blenheim Palace. A mansion at Wood stock, Oxfords hire, England, built by Vanbrugh at national cost, 1705-16, for the first Duke of Marl borough. feet east and west, It and is an 100 imposing feet north pile, and measuring south. The 320 chief façade presents a projecting on trance-portico between two prominent wings whose inner faces sweep in a curve toward the entrance. The ornamentation is poor, and the columns are so large as to dwarf even the enormous building. The park façade and the two le er façades are better: each has a large bow-window in the middle, and is flanked by end pavilions. The interior has many fine apartments. Blennerha et (blen-er-has'et), Harman. Born at Hampshire, England, Oct. 8, 1765 (1764%): died at Guernsey, Channel Islands, Islands, Feb. 1, 1831. An English man of Irish descent, noted in connection with Burr's conspiracy. He settled about 1798 on a small island, since called Blennerha et's Island, in the Ohio, near Marietta, where he erected a mansion which he surrounded with gardens and conservatories, and furnished with a library and other facilities for the gratification of intellectual tastes. He was persuaded in 1805 by Burr to join his enterprise, probably arrested and without indicted knowing for treason, its true but character, was released and was in 1807 on Burr's acquittal, his home having in the mean time been sold to satisfy his creditors. The tradition that his last years were spent in poverty is not correct. Blennerha et's Island. A small island in the Ohio, 2 miles below Parkers burg, West Virginia: so called from Harman Blennerha et, famous in connection with Burr's conspiracy. Ble ing of Jacob. One of the finest paintings of Rembrandt (1656), in the museum at Ca el, Germany. Jacob, on his death-bed, supported by Joseph, Blodget gives his benediction to his two young grandsons, who kneel beside the bed. Their mother, with folded hands, stands behind them. Ble ing ton, Counte of. See Power (Farmer), Marguerite . Blicher (blich'er), Steen Steensen. Born at Vium, Jutland, Denmark, Oct. 11, 1782: died at Spentrup, March 26, 1848. A Danish lyric poet and novelist. His works include the novels "Jydske Romanzer," "Nationalnoveller," etc. (published collectively 1833-36). Blida (blē-dä'). A town in the department of Algiers, Algeria, 25 miles southwest of Al giers. Population (1891), 11,404. Blifil (bli'fil), Captain John. A hypocritical coxcomb in Fielding's "Tom Jones," of "pinchbeck profe ions and vamped up virtues." Blifil, Doctor. The elder brother of Captain Blifil. Bligh (bli), William. Born at Tyntan, Cornwall, 1753: died at London, Dec. 7, 1817. Án English admiral. He was commander of his Majesty's ship Bounty in 1787; was cast adrift near the Friendly Islands in 1789; and reached Timor in 1789. He published a "Narrative of the mutiny in 1790. See Bounty . Blight (blit), Young. Mr. Mortimer Lightwood's office-boy in Dickens's novel "Our Mutual Friend." He is of a peculiarly depre ing aspect. Blimber (blim'er), Cornel i a. The daughter of Doctor Blimber in Charles Dickens's “Dombey and Son." She wore short hair and spectacles and was "dry and sandy with working in the graves of deceased languages." Blimber, Doctor. The principal of the boarding-school, in Charles Dickens's “Dombey and Son," to which little Paul Dombey is sent: an unimpa ioned, grave man with an appearance of learning. Blind (blind), Karl. Born at Mannheim, Germany, Sept. 4, 1820. A German political agitator and writer. Blind Beggar of Alexandria, The. A comedy by Chapman, first acted about 1596 and printed in 1598. Blind Beggar of Bethnal Green, The, with the Merry Humours of Tom Stroud. A play by Chettle and Day, written before May, 1600, but not printed till 1659. It was based on the popular ballad called "The Blind Beggar's Daughter of Beth nal Green." Blind Beggar's Daughter of Bethnal Green, The. A very popular ballad preserved in Percy's "Reliques,” “Ancient Poems," and other collections of old ballads. It is the story of "pretty Be ee," the daughter of "the Blind Beggar. The latter is in reality Henry, the son of Simon de Montfort, who a umes this disguise to escape the spies of King Henry. Be ee is wooed by a merchant, an innkeeper, a gentleman, and a knight: all but the knight, however, say farewell to her on learning that her father is a beggar. The knight marries her, and her father reveals his true fortune and character at the wedding. See Beggar of Bethnal Green. IMG:content-0249.png:[blocks in formation] Blind Harry. Died about 1492. A Scottish minstrel: author of a poem on Sir William Wallace. The only known manuscript of the poem is dated 1488. Blind Preacher, The. William Henry Milburn. Blink Bonny. An English thoroughbred mare bred in 1854, by Melbourne, dam Queen Mary by Gladiator. Like Eleanor she won both the Derby and Oaks (1857). In 1861 she threw Blair Athol to Stock well. She died in 1862. Melbourne represented the Go dolphin barb line of stallions. Queen Mary was also the dam of Bonnie Scotland, imported into America. Blister (blister). Án apothecary in Fielding's "Old Man Taught Wisdom, or The Virgin Unmasked." It Blithe dale (blith'dal) Romance, The. A romance by Hawthorne, published in 1852. was founded on the Brook Farm experiment (which see), and in Miles Cover dale Hawthorne described much of his own character. "The predominant idea of the 'Blithe dale Romance' is to delineate the deranging effect of an absorbing philanthropic idea on a powerful mind." R. H. Hutton , E ays in Lit. Crit. Block (blok), Ben. A nickname for a sailor. Block, Maurice. Born at Berlin, Feb. 18, 1816 = died at Paris, Jan. 9, 1901. A French political economist and statistician. His works include "Des charges de l'agriculture" (1850), "Pui ance comparée des divers états de l'Europe," etc. He edited from 1856 "L'Annuaire de l'économie politique et de la statist i que. Block Island, Ind. Manisees (man'i-sēz). An island in the Atlantic Ocean, 10 miles south southwest of Point Judith in Rhode Island. It forms the township of New Shoreham, Rhode Island. It is a noted summer sum i resort. Length, 8 miles. Blodget (bloj'et), Lorin. Born May 25, 1823 = IMG:content-0250.png:[merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][ocr errors] Bloody Angle. A salient at Spottsylvania Court House, which received this name from the severe fighting which followed the capture there by General Hancock of about 4,000 Con- federate soldiers under General Edward John- son, May 12, 1864. Bloody A izes. The popular name for the trials for participation in Mon mouth's rising of 1685, held in the western counties of England presided over by Lord Jeffreys. Over 300 Bloody Mary. An epithet given to Mary, queen of England (1553-58), on account of the persecutions which she sanctioned. Bloomer (blöʻmėr), Mrs. (Amelia Jenks). Born May 27, 1818: died Dec. 30, 1894. An American reformer. She lectured on temperance and the rights of women, but was principally known for her adoption of a reformed dre , consisting of Turkish trousers and a dre with short skirts, which was first introduced by Elizabeth Smith Miller. Bloom field (blöm'feld), Robert. Born at Hon- ington, Suffolk, England, Dec. 3, 1766: died at Shefford, Bedford shire, England, Aug. 19, 1823. An English poet and shoemaker. His best-known work is "The Farmer's Boy" (1800). ornamented portal is an equestrian statue of the king, a canopied niche. The court within has a story with square mullioned windows over graceful arcades, and topped by a high roof with decorated dormer-windows. Bloom field, Samuel Thomas. things to prometulent died at Wands worth Common, England, Sept. terior range in date from the 13th century down; they are decorated with carving, color, and wall-hangings. Popu- lati on (1891), 23,457. Blois, County of, or Blaisois, or Bléso is. A medieval county of France, included in the government of Orléanais, and comprised in the department of Loir-et-Cher. Capital, Blois. It became a po e ion of the crown in 1498. Blois, Blois, Charles of. See Charles of Blois . Blois, Louis of. See Louis XII . IMG:content-0251.png:[ocr errors] IMG:content-0252.png:[ocr errors] Blooming ton (blöm'ing-ton). A city, the capi- tal of McLean County, Illinois, in lat. 40° 28' N., long. 89° W. It is a railroad center, and has Population (1900), 23,286. several educational institutions and some manufactures. Blooms bury (blömz'bėr-i). north of New Oxford street, London, between Euston Road, Gray's Inn Road, and Tottenham Court Road. Blooms bury Gang. A name given to a politi- cal clique influential about 1790. Its leader was the Duke of Bedford, and its headquarters Blooms bury House, London. Blooms bury Square. A noted square north of New Oxford street, London. Blore Heath (blor heth). A heath situated near Market Drayton, Shropshire, England. Here, Sept. 23, 1459, the Yorkists under the Earl of Salis- bury defeated the Lancastrians under Lord Audley. Blot in the 'Scutcheon, A. A tragedy by Robert Browning, brought out in England in 1843. It was afterward produced in America by Lawrence Barrett. Blouet (blö-ā'), Paul: pseudonym Max O'Rell. Born in Britt any, France, March 2, 1848: died at Paris, May 24, 1903. A French author and lecturer. He published "John Bull and his Island," "Jonathan and his Continent," etc. Blount (blunt), (blunt), Charles. Died 1545. The fifth Lord Mount joy, noted as a patron of learning. Blount, Charles. Born 1563: died at London, April 3, 1606. The eighth Lord Mount joy, cre- ated earl of Devons hire in 1604. He was a favorite of Elizabeth, and a friend and supporter of E ex whom he succeeded in Ireland. He defeated Tyrone, and, with Sir George Carew, obtained military po e ion of nearly the IMG:content-0253.png:[blocks in formation] Blue Beard. A comic opera by Sedaine (music by Grétry), produced in 1797. Blue Beard or Female Curiosity. A musical play by Colman the Younger, produced in 1798. Blue Bird, The, F. L'Oiseau Bleue (lwä-zō' blė). A fairy tale by Madame d'Aulnoy. Flora and Trout in a, daughters of a king, are rivals for the hand of Prince Charming. He loves Flora, who is good and beautiful; but the queen insists that he shall marry Trou- tina, who is ill-tempered and hideous. In consequence bird for seven years. The superior power of a friendly enchantre and a fairy enables them to restore him to his own form and unite him to the lovely Flora. Blue Grotto. A celebrated cavern on the shore of Capri in Italy. Blue Hen, The. A nickname of the State of Delaware. The regiment furnished by Delaware in the American War for Independence was, on account of its fighting qualities, known as the "Game Cock Regiment." One of its officers, Captain Caldwell, who was noted as a fancier of game-cocks, maintained that a true game-cock must of nece ity be the progeny of a blue hen. Hence Blue Hills. A range of hills in Norfolk County, Ma achusetts, near Milton, south of Boston. The height of Great Blue Hill is 635 feet. Blue Knight, The. In medieval romance, Sir Persaunt of India, overthrown by Sir Gareth. He is described in Malory's "Prince Arthur" the basis of comparative anatomy, and proposed the di- vision of the human species into five races: the Cauca- sian, Mongolian, Malay, American, and African or Ethio- pian. His works include "Handbuch der ver glei chen den Anatomie und Physio logie" (1804), "Über den Bildungs- trieb und das Zeugungsgeschäft" (1781), "Institutiones physio log ice" (1787). Blumen-, Fruchtund Dornenstücke. See Flower , Fruit, and Thorn Pieces . Blumenthal (blö'men-täl), Leonhardt, Count von. Born July 30, 1810: died Dec. 22, 1900. A Pru ian general. He became chief of the gen- eral staff of the army in Schleswig-Holstein in 1849; served with distinction in the war with Austria, becom- ing a lieutenant-general in Oct., 1866; distinguished him- self in the Franco-Pru ian war as chief of staff in the army of the Crown Prince; and was made general field Blümlisalp (blüm'lis-älp). in the Bernese Oberland, the Jungfrau. Height Height of the Blümlisalphorn, (blumns-alp). A A mount a i mountain-group and, Switzerland, west of Blunder bore (blun'der-bor). A giant in "Jack the Giant Killer." Jack scuttled his boat, and Blunder stone Rookery (blun'der-stōn rük'- er-i). The residence of David Copper field, se- nior, in Dickens's novel "David Copper field." Blundeville (blun'de-vil), Thomas. An Eng- lish author. He was the son of Edward Blundeville, on whose death in 1568 he inherited an estate at Newton Flot- Flotman a monument under which he lies buried. He wrote, besides a number of treatises on horsemanship and and Cardes and of their use; and also the use of Pthole- other subjects, "A Briefe Description of universal Mappes mey his Tables," etc. (London, 1589), "M. Blundeville his Exercises" (six treatises on cosmography, astronomy, ge- ography, and the art of navigation: London, 1594), "The Arte of Logike, etc." (1599), and "The Theoriques of the Planets, together with the making of two instruments for seamen to find out the latitude without seeing sun, moon, or stars, invented by Dr. Gilbert" (London, 1602). Blunt (blunt), Colonel., A character in Sir R. Howard's "Committee." Like Benedick, when he said he would die a bachelor he did not think he should live to be married. Blunt, Edmund. Born at New bury port, Ma ., Nov. 23, 1799: died at Brooklyn, N. Y., Sept. 2, 1866. An American hydrographer, son of Ed- mund March Blunt. Blunt, Edmund March. Born at Portsmouth, N. H., June 20, 1770: died at Sing Sing, N. Y., Jan. 2, 1862. An American hydrographer, au- thor of the "American Coast Pilot" (1796), etc. Blunt, John James. Born at Newcastle-under- Lyme, Staff ords hire, England, 1794: died at Cambridge, England, June 18, 1855. An English divine and ecclesiastical writer. Blunt, Major-General. An old cavalier, rough but honest, in Shad well's play "The Volun- at Zurich, Switzerland, March 7, 1808: died at Carlsruhe, Baden, Oct. 21, 1881. A noted political economist and statesman, profe or at Zurich 1833-48, at Munich 1848-61, and at Heidelberg 1861. His numerous works include "Allgemeines Staats- recht" (1852), "Deutsches Privatrecht" (1853), "Das mod- erne Völkerrecht" (1868), etc. Blurt (blért), Master Constable. A play by Middle ton and Rowley, wley, produced in 1602. "Blurt, Master Constable," is equivalent to "A fig for Master Con- stable," and is a proverbial phrase. Blurt is also the name of the constable in the play given from the proverb; he is a sort of Dogberry imbued with a tremendous sense of his own and his master the duke's importance. Boab del in (bō-äb'de-lin), Mahomet. The last king of Granada, one of the principal characters in Dryden's play "The Conquest of Granada." Bobadilla, Count of. See Andrada , Gomes Freire de. Bobadilla (bō-bä-thel'yä), Francisco de. Died at sea, probably July 1, 1502. A Spanish off i- cer who, in 1500, was sent to Hispaniola to investigate the affairs of that colony, and es- pecially to inquire into charges made against Columbus. On his arrival at Santo Domingo (Aug. 23, 1500), he summoned Columbus before him, imprisoned him and his brothers, and sent them to Spain. Bobadilla re- mained as governor of the colony until the arrival of Ovando, April 15, 1502. Bobbin Boy, The. A nickname of Nathaniel P. Banks. It was given him because he worked as a boy in the cotton-factory of which his father was super in- tendent. A book for boys, with this title, containing his has been äb-döllä). The last Moorish king of Granada. He revolted against his father Muley Ha an, and seized the throne in 1481. In 1491 he was attacked and defeated by Ferdinand and Isabella, and made prisoner. He was set at liberty on condition of being a va al of Spain. Boaden (bō'den), James. Born at White haven, Cumber land, England, May 23, 1762: died Feb. 16, 1839. An English dramatist and biographer. His works include "The Secret Tribunal" (1795), "An Italian Monk" (1797), "Aurelio and Miranda" (1799), etc., and lives of Kemble, Mrs. Siddons, Mrs. Jordan, and Mrs. Inchbald. Boadicea (bō-a-di-sē'ä). [L. Boadicea , Boadu- ca , Bonduc a , Bouducca , Voadicca , corrupt man- uscript forms of Boudicca , a name which also appears, applied to other persons, as Bodicca , lit. 'victre ,' fem. of Boudiccos , * Bodiccus , Bodicus , lit. 'victor,' from Old Celtic boudi-, bod i- , Olr. buaid , W. bud , victory.] Died 62 A. D. The wife of Prasutagus, king of the Iceni, a tribe in eastern Britain. Thinking to secure his kingdom Blumenbach (blöʻmen-bäch), Johann Fried- rich. Born at Gotha, Germany, May 11, 1752: died at Göttingen, Germany, Jan. 22, 1840. A celebrated German naturalist and physiologist, the founder of anthropology. He was profe or and family from molestation, Prasutagus, who died about 60 1821, one of which she commanded. She participated in the siege of Tripolitza, Sept., 1821. Bobruisk (bo-brö-isk'). A town in the govern- ment of Minsk, situated on the Beres in a in lat. 53° 15′ N., long. 29° 10′ E. It contains an important fortre . Population, 58,056. Bobs (bobz), or Bobs Bahadur. [ Bahadur , Hind., 'hero, a title of respect.] An affection- ate nickname given to General Sir Frederick Roberts by the British soldiers in India. Bocage (bo-käzh'), Le. 1. A district in Poitou, France. 2. A district in Normandy. Bocardo (bō-kär'dō). An old gate (north gate) of Oxford, by the Church of St. Michael, de- stroyed in 1771. The room over it was used as a prison. Boca Tigris (bō'kä te'gris), or the Bogue, Chin. Hu Mun (hö mun'). ['The tiger's mouth."] A narrow pa age in the Canton River, 40 miles southeast of Canton, China. The Bogue forts were stormed by the British in 1841 Bock (bok), Franz. Born at Burtscheid, Prus- sia, May 3, 1823: died at Aix-la-Chapelle, April 30, 1899. A German writer on ecclesiastical archæology. He became an honorary canon of the cathedral at Aix-la-Chapelle in 1864. Bock, Karl Ernst. Born at Leipsic, Feb. 21, 1809: died at Wiesbaden, Feb. 19, 1874. A German anatomist and medical writer, ap- pointed extraordinary profe or in the Univer- sity of Leipsic in 1839. Bockenheim (bok'en-him). A suburb 14 miles Population (1890), commune, 18,675. northwest of Frankfort-on-the-Main, Pru ia. Baden, Nov. 24, 1785: died at Berlin, Aug. 3, Böckh (bėk), August. Born at Karlsruhe, 1867. A distinguished German archæologist and philologist. He was appointed profe or He was five times rector of the university. at Heidelberg in 1807, and at Berlin in 1811. Böcking (bėk'ing), Eduard. Born at Trar- bach, Rhenish Pru ia, May 20, 1802: died at Bonn, Pru ia, May 3, 1870. A noted German Boccone (bok-kō'ne), Paolo, later Sylvio. Born at Palermo, Sicily, April 24, 1633: died near Palermo, Dec. 22, 1704. A noted Sicilian naturalist, profe or of botany at Padua, and later a Cistercian monk. Bochart (bō-shär'), Samuel. Born at Rouen, France, May 30, 1599: died at Caen, France, May 16, 1667. A noted French Orientalist and biblical scholar, a Huguenot pastor at Caen. Bochica (bō'ché-kä). The name given by the Chibcha Indians to their conception of the Supreme Being. After creating the earth he gave it in charge of Chibchacum, who carried it on his shoulders; if Chibchacum changed his posture from fatigue, an earth- quake resulted. Both Bochica and Chibchacum were ob- jeets of reverence, but apparently not of worship. Bochnia (boch'nē-ä). A town in Galicia, Austria- Hungary, 25 miles east of Cracow, noted for its salt-mines. Population (1890), commune, 8,849. Bocholt (boch'olt). A town in the province of Westphalia, Pru ia, near the Dutch frontier. Population (1890), 13,034. Bochsa (bok-sä'), Robert Nicolas Charles. Born at Montmédy, France, Aug., 1789: died at Sydney, Australia, 1855. A French harpist and operatic composer. Switzerland, Oct. 16, 1827: died at Fiesole, Italy, Jan. 16, 1901. A Swi landscape-painter. Bocksberger (boks'berg-er), or Bocks per ger (boks'perg-er), Hans or Hieronymus. Born at Salzburg, Austria, 1540: died about 1600. A German painter, noted especially for hunt- ing-scenes and battles. Bode (bō'de), Johann Ehlert. Born at Ham- burg, Jan. 19, 1747: died at Berlin, Nov. 23, 1826. A celebrated German astronomer, the founder of the "Astron. Jahrbücher" (1776), and astronomer of the academy at Berlin (1772-1825). Bodenbach (bō'den-bäch). Atown in Bohemia, on the Elbe 48 miles north of Prague. Popu- lati on (1890), commune, 7,574. Bodensee (bo'den-zā). The German name of the Lake of Con stance. Bodenstedt (bo'den-stet), Fried rich Martin von. Born at Peine, Hannover, April 22, 1819: died at Wiesbaden, April 19, 1892. A German poet, author, and journalist. He studied at Göttin- gen, Munich, and Berlin, and went to Moscow as a tutor, then to Tiflis, where he taught at the gymnasium, and, later, traveled extensively through the Caucasus and the East. He was subsequently a newspaper editor in Triest and Bremen. In 1854 he was made profe or at the Uni- versity of Munich, a position which he renounced in 1866 to undertake the direction of the theater at Me in in gen, where he remained until 1870. He was ennobled in 1867. The Berlin journal "Tägliche Rundschau" appeared un- der his direction 1880-88. Among his many prose works are "Tausend und ein Tag im Orient" ("You sand and One Days in the Orient," 1849-50), "Shakespeare's Zeit- geno en und ihre Werke" ("Shakes pere's Contemporaries and their Works," 3 vols., 1858-60), etc. In col labor a- tion with Paul Heyse, Kurz, and others he made a new translation of Shakspere's dramatic works (9 vols., 1868- • 1873), and he himself translated the sonnets. A journey to the United States in 1881 is described in "Vom Atlan- tischen zum Stillen Ocean" ("From the Atlantic to the Pacific Ocean," 1882). His most celebrated poetic work is "Lieder des Mirza-Schaffy" ("Songs of Mirza-Schaffy," 1851), which are, with a few exceptions only, original poems. "Aus dem Nachla des Mirza-Schaffy" ("From the Pos- thumous Works of Mirza-Schaffy ") appeared in 1874. Bodhisattva (bō-dhe-sät'vä). [Sanskrit; in Pālī Bodhisatta .] One who has perfect know- ledge as his e ence. He is one who is on his way to the attainment of perfect knowledge when he has only one birth or certain births to undergo before reaching the state of a supreme Buddha; a future Buddha or Buddha elect. Bodin (bō-dan'), Jean. Born at Angers, France, 1530: died at Laon, France, 1596. A celebrated French publicist and political economist. His works include "De la république" (1576), "Method us ad facilem Hist or i arum Cognitionem" (1566), "Réponse aux paradoxes de Mal estro it" (1568), etc. The first-named is "the only work of great excellence on the science of pol i- tics before the eighteenth century" ( Saints bury ). Bodleian (bod-lē'an or bod'le-an) Library. A library of Oxford U originally established in 1445, formally opened in 1488, and reëstablished by Sir Thomas Bodley in 1597-1602. It was formally opened Nov. 8, 1603, and in 1004 James I. granted letters patent styling it by Bodley's The library has lately absorbed the quadrangle and buildings of the old Examination Schools, whose Jaco- bean entrance-tower, with columns of all five cla ical or- ders, is an architectural curiosity. The library contains about 500,000 printed volumes, 30,000 volumes of manu- ancient buildings, and literary antiquities. Bodley (bod'li), Sir Thomas. Born at Exeter, England, March 2, 1545: died at London, Jan. 28, 1613. An English diplomatist and scholar, founder of the Bodleian Library (which see) at Oxford. Bodmer, Johan Jakob. Born at Greifensee, Zurich, Jan. 2, 1783. A Swi critic and poet. near Zurich, Switzerland, July 19, 1698: died at He was profe or of Helvetic history in the University of Zurich (1725-75), and founded, with others, the “Discours der Mahlern " (1721), which opposed the French school of poetry and became the organ of a new German school soon after made illustrious by Klopstock, Goethe, and Schiller. Bodmer, Karl. Born at Zurich, Switzerland, 1805: died at Paris, Oct. 31, 1893. A Swi Bodmin (bod'min). A town in Cornwall, Eng- landscape-artist and etcher. land, 28 miles west of Plymouth. Bodö (bō'dė). A seaport in western Norway, about lat. 67° 15′ N.: the chief place in Salten. Boerhaave (bör hä-ve), Hermann. Born at Voorhout, near Leyden, Holland, Dec. 31, 1668: died at Leyden, Sept. 23, 1738. A famous Dutch physician, profe or of botany, medicine, and chemistry at Leyden 1701-29. Boeroe, or Buru (bö'rö), or Bouro (börō). An island in the East Indies, in lat. 3° S., long. 127° E., claimed by the Netherlands. Area, estimated, 1,970 square miles. Boer (bör). [D. boer , farmer.] One of the population of Dutch descent in South Africa. This element is prominent in Cape Colony and dominant in the Orange Free State and in the South African Repub- lic (Transvaal). The first Boers immigrated from Java in 1652, and were reinforced by Huguenots in 1687. From 1795 they had to struggle with British influence and rule. See Transvaal and Orange Free State . Boer War, The. 1. The war which followed the proclamation of the Transvaal Republic, Dec., 1880, between that country and Great Britain. Its chief events were the defeat of the British at Laing's Neck Jan. 28, 1881, and at Majuba Mountain Feb. 27, 1881 (the British commander Colley being killed). By treaty of March, 1881, the independence of the republic was rec- ognized, but the Boers acknowledged the suzerainty of the queen. Bogardus (bo-gär'dus), Everard. [NL. Bogar- dus, from D. Bogaerd (whence E. Bogart , Bo- gert ), from bogaerd , contraction of boomgaerd (Kilian), orchard, from boom , tree, and gaerd , yard, garden. Cf. G. Baumgarten .] Born in Holland: drowned in Bristol Channel, Sept. 27, 1647. A Dutch clergyman in New Amsterdam. He owned the farm "the Dominie's Bouwerie," now the property of the Trinity Church corporation in New York city. Bogardus, James. Born at Cat skill, N. Y., March 14, 1800: died April 13, 1874. An Amer- ican inventor. His numerous inventions include a "ring-spinner" for cotton-spinning (1828), an engraving- machine (1831), and the first dry gas-meter (1832). Republic of Colombia, situated on a plateau 8,678 feet high, in lat. 4° 41′ N., long. 74° 20′ W. It has a cathedral, university, museums, a rich library, and an observatory. It was founded by the Spaniards in 1538. Population (1891), about 100,000. Bogra (bog-rä'). A district in the Rajshahye division, Bengal, British India. Area, 1,452 square miles. Population (1891), 817,494. Bogus law ski (bo-gö-slav ske), Adalbert. Born at Glinno, near Posen, Nov. 4, 1760: died at Warsaw, July 23, 1829. A Polish dramatist and actor. Bohain (bō-an'). A town in the department of Aisne, France, 31 miles north by west of Laon. Population (1891), commune, 6,980. Bohemia (bō-hē'mi-ä). [F. Bohème , G. Böhmen , etc.; ML. Bohemia , L. Boihæmum , Boiohæmum , Gr. Βουίαιμον, the region, Bohemi , Boihemi , Boi- emi , the tribe so named, from Boii (see Boii ) and OHG. heim , OS. hēm , etc., home, dwelling- place.] 1. A crownland, capital Prague, in the Cisleithan division of Austria-Hungary, and the northernmost portion of the empire. It is bounded by the kingdom of Saxony (separated by the Erzge- birge) on the northwest and north, Pru ian Silesia (sep a- rated by the Riesengebirge and other mountains) on the northeast, Moravia (partly separated by the Mährische Gebirge) and Lower Austria on the southeast, Upper Aus- tri a on the south, and Bavaria (mainly separated by the Böhmerwald) on the southwest. Its surface is moun- tainous and undulating, and is traversed by the Elbe and its tributaries, the Moldau, Eger, Iser, etc. It produces wheat and other cereals, fruit, flax, and hops, has exten- production of coal. It has also mines of iron, silver, lead, sive forests, and is the chief region of the empire in the sulphur, alum, and graphite. It has manufactures of linen, gla , calico, woolens, paper, chemicals, porcelain, beer, sugar, iron, etc. It has 110 representatives in the Austrian Reichsrat, and has a landtag of 242 members. The lan- guage of the majority is Czech; but about 35 per cent. speak German. The prevailing religion is Roman Catho- lic. The early inhabitants of this district were the Boii, and after them the Marcomanni. It was colonized by Czechs in the early part of the 6th century; was the seat of a temporary realm under Samo in the 7th century; formed part of Svatopluk's Moravian realm at the end of the 9th century, and became a fief of Germany in 929. It was a duchy and became a kingdom in 1198. Moravia was united to it in 1029. Under Ottocar II. (1253-78) it acquired temporarily Austria, Carinthia, and Styria; Lusatia and Silesia were annexed in the 14th century. Bohemia was one of the electorates of the Holy Roman Empire. After dom was ruled by the house of Luxemburg, 1310-1437. It the extinction of the dynasty of Premysl (1306) the king was united with Austria in 1526. It suffered in the Hu - ite wars, and was the scene of the outbreak of the Thirty Years' War in 1618. Frederick (elector palatine) was chosen king of Bohemia in 1619, and overthrown in 1620, after which Protestant ism was extirpated by the Hapsburg ruler, Fer- dinand II. In recent times a vigorous agitation in favor of national autonomy has been carried on by the Czechs. Area, 20,060 square miles. Population (1900), 6,318,280. 2. A name for any place where people, espe- cially artists and literary people, lead an un- conventional or somewhat irregular life; or the people collectively who lead such a life. This usage, with that of the adjective Bohemian in corre- sponding senses, was introduced from the French, who as- sociated Bohemia ( la Bohème ) with gipsies, by Thackeray. Stanford Dictionary . Bohemian Brethren. A religious sect in Bohe- mia, 15th-17th century, a branch of the Hu ites. Bohemian Girl, The. An opera by Balfe, pro- ducedin London in 1843. The libretto was by Bunn from a ballet by St. Georges, which was taken from Cervantes. It was brought out again in London in 1858 as "La Zingara." a great succe . "Bohemian" here means "gipsy." The opera appeared in Hamburg as "La Gitana," in Vienna as "Die Zigeunerin," and in Paris as "La Bohémienne." Bohemond (bō hệ-mond), or Bohemund (bō'- hệ-mund), I. Marc." Born 1056 (1065?): died at Cano a, Italy, 1111. A Crusader, son of Robert Guiscard. He became prince of Tarentum in 1085, joined the first Crusade in 1096, and captured An- tioch in 1098. Bohio (bo-yō'). A name given by the Cuban Indians, in the time of Columbus, to Haiti or Hispaniola. It is said to have meant 'a house,' and to have referred to the populousne of Böhl von Faber, Cecilia. See Arrom . Bohlen (bo'len), Peter von. Born at Wüp- pels, Oldenburg, Germany, March 9, 1796: died at Halle, Germany, Feb. 6, 1840. A German Orientalist, profe or of Oriental languages in Königsberg. Böhler (bè'ler), Peter. Born at Frankfort-on- the-Main, Germany, Dec. 31, 1712: died at London, April 27, 1775. A German clergyman, bishop of the Moravian Church in America and England. Böhm (bėm), Theobald. Born at Munich, April 9, 1794: died at Munich, Nov. 25, 1881. A German flutist and composer. He was the in- vent or of several improvements in the flute, especially of a new system of fingering. Böhme (bé'me), or Böhm (bem), or Behmen (bā'men), Jakob. Born at Altseidenberg, Silesia, Pru ia, 1575: died at Görlitz, Pru ia, Nov., 1624. A celebrated German mystic. His works include "Aurora" (1612), “Der Weg zu Chris to" (1624), etc. Böhmisch-Brod (bė'mish-brot). A town in Bohemia, 20 miles east of Prague. Near here, May 30, 1434, the Taborites were defeated by the Calix tines and Roman Catholics (also called "the battle of Lippau"). Bohorquez, Francisco. See Enim . Böhtlingk (bėt'lingk), Otto. Born at St. Pe- tersburg, June 11 (N. S.), 1815: died at Leipsic, April 5, 1904. A noted Ru ian Orientalist. His chief work is the Sanskrit-Wörterbuch " (with Rudolf Roth; published 1853–75). Bohun (bō'hun), Edmund. Born at Rings field, Suffolk, England, March 12, 1645: died in Caro- lin a, Oct. 5, 1699. An English publicist and of the colony of Carolina in 1698 (?). His chief miscellaneous writer, appointed chief justice work is a "Geographical Dictionary" (1688). Bohun, Henry de. Born 1176: died on a pil- grimage to the Holy Land, June 1, 1220. The first Earl of Here ford (created April, 1199), and constable of England. Bohun, Humphrey de. Died Sept. 24, 1274. The second Earl of Here ford and the first Earl of E ex, the fifth of the name. He was constable of England. In 1258 he joined the barons in their con- federation for the redre of grievances, but went over to the king in 1263, and was taken prisoner in the battle of Lewes, May 14, 1264. Boileau-Despréaux gave out his fourth and fifth "Épitres," the first four books of the "Lutrin," and "L'Art poétique," in the first edition of the "Œuvres du sieur D." (1674). This publication raised Boileau to the first rank among French writers. In 1677 he received a pension of 2,000 livres, and was invited with Racine to compile the history of Louis XIV. In the same year he composed his seventh, eighth, and ninth "Epitres." In 1684, despite his enemies' opposition, Boileau entered the French Academy on the expre ed desire of the king. In 1693 he published his "Réflexions critiques sur Long in," in answer to Perrault's "Dialogues sur les anciens et les modernes." The first five editions of Boileau's works are dated 1666, 1674, 1694, 1701, and 1713. The last edition revised throughout by Boileau himself, that of 1701, is generally taken as the standard. In addition to the works above mentioned, it contains the tenth and eleventh satires, and the last three "Epitres." A twelfth satire was published after Boileau's death in the edition of 1716. To Boileau's works, and more especially to the "Art poétique," are due the theories on which the cla ical literature of France is based.