Em, a prefix

See EN. (Typog.) The standard letter (M) by the size of which a compositor measures and calculates the amount of his composition. It is a umed to be square. Ema'ciate, ( e - mash'e -at,) v. n. [L. Lat. emacio , emaci at us -e, ez, and macio , to make lean, from macer , lean, meagre.] To waste away; to become lean; to lose flesh gradually; to decay in flesh. v. a. To cause to waste away or lose flesh gradually; to waste the flesh of and reduce to leanne . Ema'ciate, Ema'ciated, a . Reduced to leanne by a gradual lo of flesh; thin; lean. Emacia'tion, n. Act of emaciating, or of making lean or thin in flesh, or a becoming lean by a gradual waste of flesh; state of being reduced to leanne , leanne . ( Med .) E. or wasting of the body, is a symptom of many chronic and acute diseases, and when rapid and exce ive, shows the gravity of the disease. E or wast ing of the muscles, is always characterized by an unhealthy pallor of the skin, accompanied by great relaxation of that membrane; the cuticle often hanging in folds. Em'anant, a. Lat. emanans.] Resulting of something else; as, "the emanant act of creation." Hale. Em'anate, v . n. [Lat. emano, emanatus -e, ex, and mano, to flow; probably, by transposition of letters, from Gr. nam a, anything flowing, from nao , to flow.] To flow out; to i ue from a source; to flow from; to proceed from a source or fountain; to flow; to arise; to proceed; to i ue; to spring. -a. I uing out; emanant. Emana'tion, n. [Fr. émanati on, from L. Lat. emanatio.] Act of flowing or proceeding from a fountain-head or origin; that which i ues, flows, or proceeds from any source, substance, or body; efflux; effluvium. ( Phil .) The doctrine, in the ancient systems of philosophy, which regarded all things as emanating or flowing from the Supreme Being. According to it there was no spontaneous creation, but all things i ued nece arily out of the divine fullne without any free action on the part of God. This E. from original perfection departs more and more from its source and gradually de generates, which was thought to account for the origin of evil. This system came from the East, and exerted a powerful influence on the systems of ancient Greece, particularly the Pythagorean. Traces of it are to be found in the Hindoo mythology at the present day. It has been employed in theology to explain the relation ship among the persons of the Trinity, the Son and Spirit being regarded as effluxes or emanations from the Father. Em'a native, a . I uing from another. Em'anatory, a. That emanates; emanation. Eman'cipate, v. a. [Lat. emancipo -e, ex, and mancipium, a legal formal purchase among the Romans, by taking a thing in the hand and weighing out the money; a slave, from manus , the hand, and capio , to take.] To declare free and independent; to set free from servitude; to liberate; to restore from bondage to freedom; to free from bondage or restraint of any kind. -a. Set at liberty; free. Emancipation, n. [Fr. émancipation , from L. eman cipatio , from mancipo , I sell, or deliver over the tangible property in anything.] Act of emancipating or setting free from slavery, servitude, subjection, or dependence; deliverance from bondage, slavery, or from civil, or any other restraint; liberation; freedom; release; enfranchisement. (Law.) By the ancient Roman law, the son stood in the relation of a slave to the father. By a fiction of that law, the son might be freed from this relation by being three times sold ( mancipatus ) by the father. Hence the enfranchisement of the son derived from this ceremony the name of emancipation. In course of time, various modes of emancipation, both tacit and expre , became recognized by the Roman jurisprudence. The word, in countries following that law, signifies the exemption of the son from the power of the father, either by expre act, or by implication of law. By the present civil law of France, majority (and with it emancipation) is attained at twenty-one years of age; and the marriage of a minor emancipates him. ( Code Civil , lib. 1, c. iii.) ( Hist .) See SLAVERY. Emancipa'tionist, n. An advocate for the emancipation of slaves. Eman'cipator, n . [L. Lat.] One who emancipates or liberates from bondage or restraint. Eman'cipist, n. A convict who has been pardoned or emancipated; - used in Australia. Emanuel, ( e - man'u - el ,) The GREAT, king of Portugal, succeeded John II. in 1495. He was the son of Duke Ferdinand of Viseu, grandson of king Edward of Fortugal, nephew of king Alfonso V., and cousin of John II. His father, accused of conspiracy against John II., was slain by the latter with his own hand. E. restored the nobility to their privileges, and encouraged maritime adventures, by which means a new pa age to India was discov ered by Gama, and, in 1501, to Brazil by Cabral. Emanuel also sent an expedition to Africa, and established a commercial intercourse with the kingdom of Congo. Soon after his acce ion he published an edict for the expulsion of the Jews from his kingdom. In the last year of his reign, grieved by the agitation caused in Germany by the preaching of Luther, Emanuel wrote to the elector of Saxony, Frederick the Wise, exhorting him to get rid of that great heresiarch. Emanuel married in succe ion three wives: the first, Isabella, daughter of Ferdinand and Isabella; the second, Mary, her sister; and the third, Eleanor of Austria, sister of Charles V., who survived him and married Francis I. of France, D.1521. Eman'uel, in Georgia , a S.S.E. co.; area , abt. 1,000 sq. m. Rivers Ogeechee River, and Pend let on's, Ohoapee, and Cannouchee creeks. Surface , level; soil, sandy and generally sterile. Cap . Swains borough. Emarginate, v. a. [Lat. emarginare, emarginatum .] To take the margin or edge from. Emar'ginate, or EMAR'GINATED, a. [Fr. emarginé , from Lat. mar go , an edge.] ( Bot .) A leaf notched in a peculiar manner at the apex, as in the leaf of boxwood. ( Min .) Having all the edges of the primitive form truncated, each by one face. (Zool.) Having the margin broken by an obtuse notch on the segment of a circle. Emarginately, adv . In the form of notches. Emargina'tion, n. The act of taking away the margin. Emas'culate, v . a. [L. Lat. emasculo-e, ex, and mas culus , dim in. of mas , a male. See MASCULINE.] To unman; to castrate; to geld; to deprive of virility. - To deprive of masculine strength or vigor; to weaken; to render effeminate; to vitiate by unmanly softne . -a. Unmanned; vitiated. Emascula'tion, n. [Fr. émasculation .] Act of emasculating or depriving of virility; castration. - Act of depriving of vigor or strength. - Unmanly weakne . Emas'culator, n . One who, or that which, emasculates. Emas'culatory, a. Tending to emasculate. Em'aus, in Pennsylvania , a post village of Lehigh co., 5 m. S.W. of Allen town. Em'aus, in Virginia , a post-office of Bedford co. Embale', v. a. [Fr. emballer - em , for en , and balle , q. v.] To make up into a bundle, bale, or package; to pack. Embalm', v. a. [Fr. embaumer-em, and baume , balm, for balsam. See BALM.] To anoint or preserve with balm; to open a dead body, take out the intestines, and fill their place with odoriferous and desiccated spices and drugs, to prevent its putrefaction; to fill with sweet scent, as the air; to preserve, with care and affection, from lo or decay. Embalmed', p . a . Filled with aromatic spices or plants for preservation; filled with sweet scent; preserved from lo or destruction. Embalm'er, n. One who embalms bodies for preservation. Embalming, (em-bäm'ing,) n. [Fr. embaumer; Lat. balsamum , balm.] The art, invented by the Egyptians, of preserving dead bodies from decay by means of aromatics, antiseptics, or desiccation. E. was practised by a ociated with their religious belief, for they held that the soul, after completing its cycle of separate existences of several you sand years, again returned to the body, and if that were found decayed or wasted, it transmigrated. The invention of the art was ascribed to Anubis, the son of Osiris, who first performed this office to his father: hence, all deceased persons were supposed to be embalmed after the model of Osiris. The proce of E. is described by Hero dot us and Diodorus. The corpse of a male was at once delivered to the embalmers; if a female, it was retained at home until decomposition had begun. A scribe first marked with a reed pen a line on the left side below the ribs; along this line the para schistes or flank-incisor made a deep incision with a rude knife of stone or flint, on which he was pursued with curses and pelted with stones as if he had committed some heinous offence. The taricheutes , or preparer, then proceeded to remove the entrails and lungs, leaving the heart and kidneys. The brains were drawn through the nostrils by a crooked iron instrument. The entrails were washed with palm-wine and perfumed, and the cavities were then filled up with myrrh, ca ia, and other aromatic drugs. The flank incision was then sewed up, and the body steeped in natron for seventy days, after which it was wrapped in linen bandages anointed with gums. The body thus prepared was put in a wooden coffin, and placed in an upright position either in a sepulchre or in one of their own apartments; for many of them kept their dead at home, and sometimes produced them at festive entertainments. Modern discoveries in the tombs leave no doubt that the intestines were separately embalmed and deposited in four vases in the coffin. This method of E. was the most expensive, and adopted only by the wealthy cla es. The cost was a talent of silver, or about $1,220. Another and cheaper mode, costing only 20 minæ, about $210, was effected without any incision, by injecting the viscera with oil of cedar, and then steeping the body in natron for 70 days; after which the viscera came away, and nothing remained but skin and bones. The 3d method, used only for the lower cla es, was performed by washing the body in myrrh and laying it in salt for 70 days. The succe of the art as practised by the ancient Egyptians, is attested by the numerous mummies that are to be seen in all the great museums of Europe and America. All cla es among them were embalmed, also the animals which their religion held sacred. Of these upward of 50 species have been found embalmed, among them the ibis, crocodile, cat, . The art was practised also by the ancient Jews, Greeks, and Romans, though it never attained such perfection among them as among the people from whom it was borrowed. The Persians employed wax, the A yrians honey; the Jews embalmed some of their kings with spices, with which also the body of our Lord was anointed; and Alexander the Great was embalmed with wax and honey. It appears that the early Christians embalmed their dead, and, according to St. Augustine, mummies were made in his time, at the end of the 5th century. An elaborate proce of embalming was also adopted by the Guauches or ancient inhabitants of the Canary Isles. (See MUMMY.) The art of E. was probably never lost in Europe, but the mode of E. by injecting into the veins of the body a concentrated solution of sulphate of alumina, discovered by Gaunal in 1834, has considerably diminished the cost of E. From that time many substances have been experimented on and employed as substitutes for sulphate of alumina for the preservation of dead bodies, one of the most succe ful being, we believe, sulphate of zinc at different degrees of strength. We know reputed embalmers who make a mystery of their proce , and do not use other substances. Embalm'ing, n. Act or art of filling a dead body with spices for preservation. Embalm'ment, n. [Fr. embaumement.] The act of embalming. Embank', v . a. [ En or in, and bank .] To inclose with a bank; to defend with a bank, mound, or dikes. Embankment, n. Act of surrounding or defending with a bank; a mound or bank raised for various purposes, as for protecting against inundation, or for the pa age of a railway. Embar', v. a . [ En and bar.] To shut, close, or fasten with a bar; to make fast; to inclose so as to hinder egre or escape. Embarcadere, n . [Fr. embarcadère .] A landing place. (R.) Embarca'tion, n. [Fr.] Same as embarkation. Embargo, n.; pl . EMBARGOES. [Sp. and It. embargo , authorities of a country to prevent ve els leaving or entering its ports. Embargoes are usually imposed only in time of war, or in apprehension of an invasion; in which cases the government employs the ships under E. in armaments, expeditions, transportation of troops, . Formerly, when it was nece ary to conceal important movements from the enemy, an E. was laid upon all ve els that might be the means of conveying information. E. may also be laid by government upon the ships of its subjects, in order to employ them in its service. -v. a. To hinder or prevent, as ships from sailing for a limited time; to stop. - To hinder from being prosecuted by the departure or entrance of ships. Embark', v. a. [Fr. embarquer , from bark; It. im barcáre; Sp. embar car.] To put or cause to enter on board a ship or other ve el, or boat.-To engage; to put to risk or venture; to engage, as a person in any affair. -v. n. To go on board of a ship, boat, or ve el. - To engage in any busine , or to undertake it; to take a share. Embark a'tion, n. [Fr.] Act of embarking, or of putting or going on board of a ship or other ve el; that which is embarked. Embarra , in Illinois , a township of Edgar co. Pop . (1897) abt. 1,800. Embarra , in Minnesota , a post-office of St. Louis co. Pop. abt. 400. -A post-office of Waupaca co. Embarras Point, in Illinois , a village of Edgar co., abt. 100 m. E. of Springfield. Embarras River, in Illinois , rises in Champaign co., and flowing generally S. through Douglas, Coles, and Cumber land cos. to Newton and Jasper cos., turns to the S.E., traverses a part of Crawford co., and enters the Wabash River from Lawrence co. Embarras River, in Wisconsin, enters Wolf River from Waupaca co. Embarra , v. a. [Fr. embarra er-em, and barre , a bar.] To put a bar or difficulty in the way of; to involve in difficulties; to hinder; to perplex; to entangle. - To confuse; to confound; to disconcert; to abash; to distre ; to embroil. - To render intricate, perplexed, or entangled. Embarra ed, p . a . Perplexed; rendered intricate. Confused; confounded. Embarra ing, p . a . Perplexing; entangling; confusing; confounding; abashing. Embarra ingly, adv . In an embarra ing manner. Embarra ment, n. Act of embarra ing; perplexity; intricacy; entanglement; trouble; distre ; anxiety. Confusion of mind; abashment. Embase/ment, n. Deterioration; debasement. (R.) IMG:content-0032.png:[graphic] (Med.) Same as embasis. Em'basis, n. [Gr.] (Med.) A bathing-tub or ve el filled with warm water. Emba ador, n. An AMBASSADOR, q. v. Em'ba age, n. Emba y. (0.) Emba y, n . [Fr. amba ade ; Sp. embazada ; It. am basciáta . See AMBASSADOR.] The charge, employment, or commi ion of a public minister, whether amba ador or envoy; the person or persons intrusted with a public or solemn me age; any solemn me age. Embathe', v. a. [ En and bathe .] To bathe. Embat'tle, v . a . [ En and battle .] To arrange in order of battle; to array troops for battle. - To furnish with battlements. -v. n. To be arranged in order of battle. Embat'tled, p . a . Arrayed in order of battle. - Furnished with battlements. - Having been the place of battle. (Her.) One of the eight crooked or curved lines used in addition to the straight line, in dividing one part of the field from another, or for the outline of any principal ordinary. When this outline, or line of division, is in the form of the battlements of a tower, it is said to be embattled. French heralds use the term crenelle. Embat'tlement, n. Same as