Kuenen, Abraham

D.D. (Leiden, 1851); b. at Haarlem, North Holland, Sept. 16, 1828; studied at the gymnasium of Haarlem, and at the University of Leiden, 1846-51; and since March 12, 1853, has been profe or of theology there. He is a member of the Teyler Theological Society of Haarlem, and of the Royal Academy of Sciences and Literature at Amsterdam; secretary of The Hague Society for the Defence of the Christian Religion; and September, 1883, was president of the Sixth International Congre of Orientalists, held at Leiden. In theology he is " liberal," belongs to what is called in Holland " the modern school," advocates the application of historical criticism to the Bible, especially to the Old Testament. Since 1866 he has been one of the editors of the Theologisch Tydschrift. Besides numerous articles he has written Historisch-krilisch Onderzoek naar het onstaan en de verzameling van de boeken des Oudcn Verbonds (His to rico-crilical Investigation into the Origin and Collection of the Books of the Old Testament), Leiden, 1861-65, 3 vols., 2d ed. Dr. A. Pierson, of the first two volumes, on the historical and prophetical books, Paris, 1866-79 English trans, of the first two chapters by Bishop J. W. Colenso, in his Pent a teuch and Book of Joshua critically examined, London, 1865; German trans, of the 2d ed. by Dr. Th. Weber, Leipzig, 1885, sqq.); De godsdienst van Israel tot den on der gang van den Joodschen Staat, Haarlem, 1869-70, 2 vols. (English trans, by A. W. May, The Religion of Israel to the Fall of the Jewish Stale, London, 1874- 75, 3 vols.); De profcten en de profetie onder Israel, Leiden, 1875, 2 vols. (English trans, by A. Milroy, Prophets and Prophecy in Israel, 1877); National Religions and Universal Religion (Hibbert Lectures for 1882), London, 1882 (Dutch edition, Volksgodsdienst en Wereldgodsdienst, Leiden, 1882; French trans, by Vernes, Paris, 1883; German trans., Berlin, 1883); minor pamphlets, university orations, etc. 133 Kurtz, Johann He in rich, Lie. Theol. (hon., Konigsberg, 1844), D.D. (hon., Rostock, 1849), Luther an (moderately confe ional); b. at Montj'oie, near Aachen, Pru ia, Dec. 13, 1809; studied at Halle 1830, and at Bonn 1831-33; became head master in religion at the Mitau gymnasium, 1835; ordinary profe or of theology in Dorpat University, 1850; profe or emeritus, 1870. Since 1871 he has lived at Marburg. His books are, Das Mosaische Opfer, Mitau, 1842; Die Astronomie und die Bibel, 1842 (5th ed. under title Bibel und Astronomie, Berlin, 1865; English trans., The Bible and Astronomy, Philadelphia, 1857); Lehrbuch der heiligen Geschichte, Konigsberg, 1843, 16th ed. 1884 (English trans., Manual of Sacred History, Philadelphia, 1855); Be it rage zur Verteidigung und Begriindung des Pentateuchs, 1844; Christliche Religionslehre, Mitau, 1844, 13th ed. Leipzig, 1883; Die Einheit der Genesis, Berlin, 1846; Biblische Geschichte mit Erlauterungen, 1847, 34th ed. 1882 (English trans, by A. Melville, Bible History, Edinburgh, 1867); Geschichte des Alien Bundes (bis zum Tode Mosis), 1848-55, 2 vols., 3d ed. vol. i. 1864, 2d ed. vol. ii. 1858 (English annotated trans, by Dr. A. Edersheim, History of the Old Covenant, Edinburgh, 1860, 3 vols.); Lehrbuch der Kirchengeschichte, Mitau, 1849, 9th ed. Leipzig, 1885, 2 vols, in 4 parts (English trans., Text-book of Church History, Philadelphia, 1860, 2 vols.; new ed. revised, 1875); Leitfaden (now called Abri ) der Kirchengeschichte, Mitau, 1852, 11th ed. Leipzig, 1886; Handbuch der allgemeinen Kirchengeschichte, Mitau, vol. i. 1853-54, 3 parts, 2d ed. 1856-68, vol. ii. 1st part (to the end of the Caroling i an age), 1856 (English trans., History of the Christian Church, Edinburgh, 1863); Die Ehen der Sohne Golles mit den Tochlern der Menschen in 1. Mos. vi. 1-4, Berlin, 1857; Die Sohne Gottes in 1. Mos. vi. 1-J, und die sundigenden Engel in 2. Petri ii. 4, 5 und Judai, 6, 7, Mitau, 1858; Die Ehe des Prop helen Hosea, Dorpat, 1859; Der alttestamentliche Opferkultus nach seiner gesetzlichen Begrundung und Anwendung, Mitau, 1862 (English trans., Sacrificial Worship of the Old Testament, Edinburgh, 1863); Zur Theologie der Psalmen, Dorpat, 1865; Der Brief an die Hebrder erklart, Mitau, 1869. L. l.