gamogenesis (gamojenesis)

[ These cells whose union constitutes the e ential act of gamogenesis are cells in which the developmental changes have come to a close cells which are incapable of further evolution. H. Spencer , Prin. of Biol., § 77. In the lowest organisms gamogenesis has not yet been observed. Huxley , Anat. Invert., p. 31. gamogenetic (gam"ō-je-net'ik), a. [ gamogenetically (gam"ō-je-net'i-kal-i), adv. In a gamogenetic manner; by gamogenetic means. gamomorphism (gam-o-morfizm), n. [ IMG:content-2078.png:[blocks in formation] gamopetalous (gam-o-pet'a-lus), a. [NL. ga- gan1t (gan). Preterit of gin1 . mopetalus , γάμος , marriage, + πέταλον, & gan24. An obsolete form of go . leaf (petal): see p petal .] In bot ., having the gans, v. i. An obsolete or dialectal form of petals united at the base base; belonging to the yawn. Gamopetala : same as monopetalous . gan3t, n. gamophyllous (gam-o-fil'us), 3), a. [NL. gamoga phyllus , φύλλον = L. folium, a leaf.] In bot . , having a single peri- anth-whorl of united leaves; symphyllous: op- posed to apo phyllo us . Sachs. note in singing, now called do ; orig. L. ut , conj., that. Guido d'Arezzo (born about 990) is said to have called the seven notes of the musical scale after the first seven letters of the alphabet, a , b, c, d, e, f, g : whence the name gamma , taken from the last of the series ( g , y), applied to the whole scale. He is also said to have invented the names of the notes used in singing ( ut , re , mi , fa , sol , la , si ), after certain initial syllables of a monkish hymn to St. John, in a stanza written in sapphic meter, namely: Ut queant lax is res on are fibris Mira gestorum famuli tuorum, Solve pollutis labiis reatum, Sancte Iohannes. The syllable ut has been displaced by the more sonorous do .] 1. In music: (a) The first or gravest note in Guido's scale of music; gam- ma ut. (b) The major scale, whether indicated by notes or syllables, or merely sung. At break of Day, in a Delicious song She sets the Gam - vt to a hundred yong. This bowse is better than rom-bowse, It sets the gan a giggling. Brome , Jovial Crew, ii. gan am (gan'am), n . Same as ashkoko . gancher app ganche , let fall on sharp stakes ganch1, gaunch1 (ganch, gânch), v . t. [ ganciata , the act of fixing with a hook, gancio = Sp. Pg Pg. gancho , a hook, perhaps qanja , a hook.] To put to death by letting fall from a height upon hooks or sharp stakes, or by hanging on a hook thrust between the ribs or through the pectoral mus- cles, as is or has been done with malefactors in Oriental countries. The Captain,... having vainly sought for his prisoner, filled forthwith a coffin with clay,.. giving out that he was dead, affrighted with the punishment of his prede- ce or, being ganched for the escape of certain Noblemen. Sandys, Travailes, p. 32. Take him away, ganch him, impale him, rid the world of such a monster. Dryden, Don Sebastian, iii. 2. ganch1, gaunch1 (ganch, gânch), n. [ ganch1 , gaunch1 , v.] The punishment or torture of ganching. I would rather suffer the gaunch than put the smallest constraint on your person or inclinations. Brooke, Fool of Quality, II. 289. ganch2, gaunch2 (gânch), v. i. [Sc., also writ- ten gansch ; origin obscure.] To make a snatch or snap at anything with open jaws, as a dog. ganch2, gaunch2 (gânch), n . [ ganch2 , gaunch2 , v.] A snatch at anything with open jaws; a bite. [Scotch.] I have heard my father say, who was a forester at the Cabrach, that a wild boar's gaunch is more easily healed M. N. Murfree (C. E. Craddock ), Prophet of Great Smoky [Mountains, p. 103. gane, v. i. Same as gan3 . gang (gang), v . i. [ ME.gangen , gongen (pret. supplied by wende , went , or eode , zede , etc., ppr. (rare) gangende , pp. supplied by gon , gone), gang an , gong an (pret. geóng , gióng , pp. ge- gangen , ge - gongen ) = OS. gang an = OFries. gung a = OHG. gang an, MHG. gangen (NHG. gehen E. go ) = Icel. gang a = OSw. gang a = ODan. gange = Goth. gaggan , go. This verb, though mixed in form and sense with the verb represented by go , and in the modern tongues to a greater or le extent displaced by it, is not, as is usually said, a fuller form of go , but is a different word: see go .] To go; walk; pro- ceed. [Now only prov. Eng. and Scotch.] Jhesu thougt hit was ful longe, Withouten felowshipe to gonge. A poplar greene, and with a kerved seat, Under whose shade I solace in the heat; And thence can see gang out and in my neat. I gang like a ghaist, and I çarena much to spin. Auld Robin Gray. To gang alow. See alow 2. To gang gizzen. See giz- zen. To gang gleyed. See gleyed . To gang one's gait, to go or take one's own way in a matter. [Scotch and old or prov. Eng.] He is fautles in faith, and so god mote me spede, I graunte hym my gud will to gang on his gate . dra , also ganra (> E. dial. ganner ) (the d be- ing excrescent as in andro- , thunder , etc.) (= D. gender ), a gander, the same word, but with dif- ferent suffix, as MHG. ganzer , G. ganser (now usually gänserich , after enterich = E. drakel q. v.); cf. L. anser (for * hanser ), m. and f., = Gr. χήν , m. and f., = Skt. hansa , m. The E. fem. is goose , orig. * gans : see goose and gan- net .] The male of the goose. I wi e (quod I) and yet though ye would believe one yt wold tell you that twise two ganders made alway four gese, yet ye would be aduised ere ye beleued hym that woulde tell you that twise two gese made all waye four gan- ders . Sir T. More, Works, p. 169. The female hatches her eggs with great a iduity; while the gander visits her twice or thrice day, and sometimes drives her off to take her place, where he sits with great When by the gamut some musicians make A perfect song, others will undertake By the same gamut chang'd to equal it. Long has a race of heroes fill'd the stage, That rant by note, and through the gamut rage. Then she had remembered the me age about any one calling being shown up to the drawing-room, and had gandered down to the hall to give it to the porter; after which she gandered upstairs to the dre ing-room again. H. Kingsley, Raven shoe, xlvii. gander-gra t, n. [Also gander -goose, gander- go , etc. Cf. goose - gra .] Some plant, prob- ably Orchis mascula . Daily by fresh rivers walk at will, Among the daisies and the violets blue, Red hyacinth, and yellow daffodil, Purple Narci us like the morning rays, Pale gander - gra , and azure culver-keys. J. Davors, quoted in Walton's Complete Angler, p. 55. gander-party (gan'der-pär"ti), n. A social gathering of men only; a stag-party. Lowell , Biglow Papers, Int. [Jocose.] gander-pull, gander-pulling (gan'der-púl, -pul"ing), n. A rude sport of which the e en- He forziaf. Old Eng. Homilies , p. 3296. Honden bute felinge, fet bute zonge [hands without feel- ing, feet without ability to walk]. Legend of St. Katherine , p. 499. Hence-5. A ravine or gulley. [Prov. Eng.]- 6. In mining . See gangue .-7. The field or pas- ture in which animals graze: as, those beasts have a good gang . [Scotch.]-8. A number going or acting in company, whether of persons or of animals: as, a gang of drovers; a gang of elks. Specifically - ( a ) A number of persons a ociated for a particular purpose or on a particular occasion: used especially in a depreciatory or contemptuous sense or of disreputable persons: as, a gang of thieves; a chain - gang . There were seven Gipsies in a gang , They were both brisk and bonny O. And five and five, like a mason gang , That carried the ladders lang and hie. L. P. Brockett , Silk Industry, p. 99. 10. As much as one goes for or carries at once; a go. [Scotch.] To please you, mither, did I milk the kye, An' bring a gang o' water frae the burn. Donald and Flora , p. 37. IMG:content-2079.jpg:[blocks in formation] tied in the end of the ganging. Hooks to be used on hali- They [antelope fawns) are not nearly so pretty as deer but trawl-lines are seized to the ends of the gangings with fawns, having long gangling legs and angular bodies. tarred or waxed twine. Cod trawl-hooks are generally T. Roosevelt, Hunting Trips, p. 201. provided with an eye at the upper end of the shank. A common way of ganging such hooks is to pa the end of ganglioform (gang'li-o-form), a . See gangli- the ganging through the eye of the hook, like threading form . a needle, and then make a figure-of-eight knot around the ganglion (gang'gli-on), n.; pl. ganglions , gan- sharp-toothed fish as the bluefish and kingfish are often ganged with wire, and those for sharks with an iron chain. gang-edger (gang'ej"èr), n . A machine having from three to six circular saws on a common mandrel, capable of being so adjusted as to slit wide planks into boards or scantlings of the width required. ganger (gang'èr), n . [= Icel. gangari = Sw. gångare = Dan. ganger , a steed (in comp. Sw. Jak if every hous were honest to ete fleish inne, Than were it honest to ete in a gonge . Alas! herww! now am I bownde In helle gonge to ly on ground. Ganga ( Pterocles alchata). goer), = G. gänger , a goer, walker, footman; as gang, v. i., + -er1.] 1. One who or that which gangs or goes; a goer; a walker. [Scotch.] The stringhalt will gae aff when it's gaen a mile; it's a weel kenn'd ganger ; they ca' it Souple Tam. IMG:content-2080.jpg:[blocks in formation] 3. In coal - mining , one who is employed in con- veying the coal through the gangways. [Mid- land coal-field, Eng.]-4. Naut . , a length of chain, one end of which is fastened to an an- chor when let go, when the other end is fastened Gangetic (gan-jet'ik), a. [L. Gang etic us , Γάγγης , Hind.) Ganga , Ganges.] Of or pertaining to the river Gan- ges in India, or to the region through which it flows: as, Gangetic cities; Gangetic river-sys- tem. Also Gangic. There [in India] he went gunning for gavials, or Gangetic crocodiles. The American , XI. 168. gang-farmert, gong-farmert, n. [ME. gong- farmer, -formar, -fermerour, etc.] A cleaner of privies. Palsgrave . gang-flower (gang'flou"ėr), n . The milkwort, Polygala vulgar is : so named from its blo om- ing in gang-week. Gangic (gan'jik), a . [ Ganges + -ic.] Same as Gangetic . [Rare.] Doubt-le his Deeds are such, as would I sing But halfe of them, I vnder-take a thing As hard almost as in the Gangic Seas ganging (gan'jing), n. 1. The act or mode of fastening fastening a fish-hook to the line. - 2. A section or or part part of of a fishing-line to the free end of which a hook is ganged; a ganging-line. The ganging is sometimes of wire or chain, as for catching sharks; and all sizes of line are used, from fine silken thread up to the largest cord that will take a hook. The go-by. [Scotch.] ganging-line (gan'jing-lin), n . of a fishing-line, especially when many methods of ganging. For hand-lines for cod a single strand of line about two feet long is doubled, and its bight is plaited or hitched to the shank of a hook, after which the ends are laid up together and a single wall-knot is ganging-plea (gang'ing-plē), n . A long-con- tinued suit; a permanent or hereditary litiga- tion. [Scotch.] But I thought ye had some law affair of your ain to look after; I have ane mysell-a ganging - plea that my father left me, and his father afore left to him. ganglia, n. Latin plural of ganglion . gangliac (gang'gli-ak), a. [ gangli - on +-ac.] Same as ganglial . ganglial (gang'gli-al), a . [ gangli - on + -al . ] Relating to a ganglion or ganglia; ganglionic. gangliar (gang'gli-är), a . [ gangli - on + -ar3.] Same as ganglial . Very peculiar round or biscuit-formed bodies, prob a- bly not gangliar in their nature. gangliate, gangliated (gang'gli-āt, -a-ted), a . Provided with a ganglion or with ganglia; gan- glionated; knotted, as a nerve or lymphatic. Also ganglionated . gangliform, ganglioform (gang'gli-fôrm, -0- fôrm), a . [ γάγγλιον , a tumor, + L. form a , shape.] Having the form or character of a ganglion; resembling a ganglion. gangling (gang'gling), a . [Prop. ppr. of * gan- gle , freq. of gang , go. Cf. gangrel . Awkward and sprawling in walking; loose-jointed. [Col- loq.] IMG:content-2081.jpg:[graphic] IMG:content-2082.png:[blocks in formation] neut. pl. of ganglionic us : see ganglionic .] In med., a cla of medicinal agents which affect the activity of parts of the sympathetic ner- vous system. ganglion + -it is .] In pathol .: ( a ) Inflammation of a nervous ganglion. (b) Same as lymphade- -Petrous ganglion, the inferior and larger ganglion of the glo opharyngeal nerve. Also Andersch's gan- glion. Pharyngeal ganglion, a ganglion of the ca- rotid plexus, in relation with the ascending pharyngeal artery.-Phrenic ganglion. ganglion.-Pneumogastric ganglion, either one of two largements: 3: said of a nerve. gangliopathic (gang "gli-o-path'ik), a . [ gangliopathy + ic.] In pathol ., pertaining to gangliopathy. gangliopathy (gang-gli-op'a-thi), n. [ γλιον, a tumor umor (ganglion), + πάθος , suffer- ing.] In med ., a pathological or morbid cond i- tion of nervous ganglia, especially of subordi- nate ganglia. ganglion, of or the ganglion pneumogastric of the root; nerve, the viz.: jugular The ganglioer upper ganglious (gang'gli-us), a. (6) The lower ganglion, or ganglion of the trunk. Also vagus ganglion.- Renal ganglia, ganglia of the renal plexus of sympathetic nerves. - Sacral ganglia, four or five ganglia of the sacral or pelvic portion of the sympa- thetic system. - Semilunar ganglion. (a) Of the abdo- men, either half of the great ganglion of the solar plexus, ganglion-corpuscle (gang'gli-on-kôr pus-l), n. A ganglion-cell. Ganglion eur a (gang"gli-ō-nū'rä), n . pl. [NL., νεύρον , α sinew (nerve).] Animals having a ganglion ary or gangliate nervous system, and not a cere- brospinal nervous system: applied by Rudolphi and others to articulates and mollusks, the Ar- thropoda and Mollusca of modern systems. ganglioneural (gang"gli-ō-nū'ral), a . [ Gan- glioneur -a + -al.] Having a ganglion ary ner- vous system; specifically, of or pertaining to the Ganglion eur a . ganglion-globule (gang'gli-on-globul), n . A ganglion-cell. ganglionic (gang-gli-on'ik), a . [ ganglion + -ic.] Pertaining to a ganglion or ganglia; hav- ing or characterized by ganglia. Ganglionic corpuscle. Same as ganglion-cell. - Ganglionic ner- vous system, the sympathetic system. IMG:content-2083.png:[blocks in formation] gangrenate (gang'gre-nāt), v . t .; pret. and pp. gangrenated , ppr. gang ren at ing . [ gangrene + -ate2 .] To produce a gangrene in; gangrene. So parts cauterized, gangrenated , siderated, and mort i- fied, become black. Sir T. Browne, Vulg. Err., vi. 20. gangrene , F. gangrène = Sp. Pg. gangrena It. gangrena, can crena, can gren a , sore, a redupl. form, γραίνειν , γράειν, gnaw. grand , γάγγραινα , a gangrene, an eating necrosis or mortification of soft ti ues when Cf. Skt. V gar , gir , swallow.] 1. In pathol ., the parts affected become dry, hard, and dark in color ( dry gangrene or mummification ), or when, remaining soft and moist, the parts fall a prey to septic organisms and undergo putre- faction ( moist gangrene or sphacelus ). And my chyrurgeons apprehended some fear that it may grow to a gangrene , and so the hand must be cut off. Sir K. Digby , Sympathetic Powder. 2. In bot . , a disease ending in putrid decay.- Hospital gangrene, a rapidly spreading, sloughing ulcer, starting from a wound and attended with general prostra tion. It occurs in ill-kept hospitals where many ed are crowded together. Also called sloughing phagede . na. - Symmetrical gangrene. Same as Raynaud's dis- ease (which see, under disease ) . gangrene (gang'gren), v.; pret. and pp. gan- grened, ppr. gangrening . [ gangrene , n.] I. trans. To produce a gangrene in; mortify; hence, figuratively, to cause decay or destruc- tion in. The service of the foot, Being once gangren'd , is not then respected For what before it was. Shak ., Cor., iii. 1. The rust Of heavy chains has gangrened his sweet limbs. Shelley, The Cenci, ii. 1. One vice that gangrenes Christian nations was unknown amongst them [New England Indians]: they never offered indignity to woman. S. Judd , Margaret, ii. 4. II. in trans. To become mortified. Wounds immedicable Rankle, and fester, and gangrene , gangrenes cent (gang-gre-nes'ent), a. [ At fasts-eve pa -puffes; gang - tide gaites, Did alle ma es bring. Warner , Albion's England. A projecting tooth. Compare IMG:content-2084.png:[blocks in formation] He [Fergus] was bound to be in his place - he usually sat above the gangway at the end of the front Opposition bench, and there he was. Quarterly Rev., CXLVI. 203. 3. In coal- mining , the main haulage road or level driven on the strike of the coal; any mine- pa age used for opening breasts, or for the haulage of the coal. To bring to the gangway ( naut .), to punish (a seaman) by seizing him up and flog- ging him. A lad- gangway-ladder (gang'wa-lader), n . der from the gangway of a ve el to the water's edge. gang-week (gang'wek), n. [ gang + week. Cf. gang-day.] Rogation-week, when proces- sions, with singing of litanies, were made in Great Britain, until the Reformation, and in a few instances still are made (under the name of perambulations ) by ministers, church war- dens, and parishioners, to survey the bounds of parishes or manors. Also called gang - tide . See rogation . ganister metal., a hard, silicious rock forming the floor of some coal-seams in England. It is used as a refractory material, and also for flagging. Ganister is also artificially made by mixing ground quartz and fire-clay; this artificial form is used for lining Be emer converters. Calcined, pulverized, and sifted ganister is used on a straight buff-stick of bull-neck leather to smooth the threaded shoulders of socket-knives after they have been filed. - Ganister beds, a series of beds in the northern counties of England, immediately over the millstone-grit, belonging to the lower coal-measures; they produce excellent flagstones. One seam of coal in England is called the ganister coal, because it almost always has a ganister floor. Hence the name ganister beds has been given to the lower coal measures.