Mausoleum (mâ-so-lē'um)

[From Mausolus.] See Halicarna us . Maxwell, James Clerk April 17, 1573: died at Ingolstadt, Bavaria, instrument in organizing the Catholic League in opposition to the Protestant Union in 1600. As the head of the Catholic League, he a isted the emperor Ferdinand II. against the elector palatine Frederick V. in the Thirty Years' War (see Ferdinand II . , Emperor of the Holy Ro Mauve (mov), Anton. Born at Zaandam, Sept. 27, 1651. Duke of Bavaria. He was the chief North Holland, Sept. 18, 1838: died at Arnhem, Gelder land, Feb. 5, 1888. A celebrated Dutch painter. He received medals at Vienna, Philadelphia, Antwerp, Amsterdam, and Paris. Among his principal works are "Crepuscule" (formerly in the George I. Seney and David H. King, Jr., collections), "Cattle in the Haarlem Meadows" (owned by S. Untermyer, New York city), "A Summer Day in Holland” (owned by H. N. Slater, Boston), "The Departure of the Flock" (owned by Joseph Jefferson), "Returning to the Fold" (formerly in the Mrs. F. C. Crosby collection), etc. Mavia (mä-vē'ä). See Konde . Maviti (mä-vētē). See Zulu . Mavrocordatos. See Maurocordatos . Max (mäks), Cornel i us Gabriel. Born at Prague, Aug. 23, 1840. A German historical and genre painter. He is the son of Joseph Max, a sculptor, and was a pupil of Piloty at Munich. He was profe or at the Academy of Munich 1879-83. Among his works are "The Anatomist" (1869), "The Last Token" (1874: now in the Metropolitan Museum, New York), "Nydia" (1874), "The Lion's Bride" (1879), etc. Maxen (mäks'en). A village in Saxony, 10 miles south of Dresden. Here, Nov. 20, 1759, the Pru ians (12,000-13,000) under Finck surrendered to the Austrians under Daun. Maxentius, Circus of. See Circus of Romulus . Maxentius (mak-sen's hi us), Marcus Aurelius Valerius. Drowned in the Tiber, Oct., 312 A. D. Roman emperor 306-312, son of Maxim i an us Herculius. On the abdication of his father and Diocletian as August i and the promotion of the Cæsars Constant i us and Galerius in 305, he was pa ed over in the appoint ment of the new Cæsars, the choice falling on Severus and Maximin us. In the following year, however, he had himself proclaimed Cæsar by the pretorians at Rome, and with the a istance of his father, who resumed his former rank, he overthrew Severus, who had ruled in Italy and Africa. He next banished his father, and eventually declared war against Const an tine (the Great), son of Constant i us, who had a umed the administration of his father's provinces (Gaul, Spain, and Britain) on the latter's death in 306. He was totally defeated by Const an tine at Saxa Rubra, Oct. 27, 312, and perished in the flight. Maxim (maks (maks'im), Sir Hiram Stevens. Born at Sangerville, Me., Feb. 5, 1840. An American-English engineer and inventor. He invented the automatic system of firearms, etc., and has devoted much time to the study of explosives and of aërial navigation. Knighted 1901. Maximes (mäk-sem'). [F., Maxims.'] A collection of moral maxims by La Roc he fou cauld (1665). Maximian. See Maxim i an us . Maxim i an us (maksim-i-ā'nus), Marcus Aurelius Valerius, surnamed Herculius. Died in Feb., 310. Roman emperor 286–305 and 306308. He was a Pan non i an peasant by birth, rose to the highest offices in the army, and was made Cæsar by Dioresigned the imperial dignity simultaneously with Diocle. tian in 305, but rea umed it in 306 at the instance of his son Maxentius, who had caused himself to be proclaimed (who commanded in Italy and Africa) in 307, but was himCæsar by the pretorians at Rome. He captured Severus self expelled from Rome by Maxentius in 308, and eventually found refuge with his son-in-law Const an tine at Arles. Having been twice discovered in conspiracy against his death, and strangled himself. son-in-law, he was ordered to choose the manner of his in 285 and August us in 286. (See Diocletian .) He Maximilian (mak-si-mil'i-an; G.pron.mäks-ēmēʻle-än) I. [ML. Max i mil i an us ( = Maxi [ mus Æmilianus ) , F. Maxim i lien .] Born March 22, 1459: died at Wels, Upper Austria, Jan. 12, 1519. Emperor of the Holy Roman Empire 1493-1519, son of Frederick III. He married Mary, daughter and heire of Charles the Bold of Burgundy, in 1477, and was elected king of the Romans in 1486. He became emperor in 1493. In order to suppre the system of private war and restore the imperial authority, he proclaimed a perpetual public peace in 1495; established the imperial chamber (Reichskammergericht) in 1495, and the imperial aulic council (Reichshofrat) in 1501; and divided Germany into six, and afterward (1512) into ten, circles (Land fried enskreise), over each of which was placed a captain with a force of standing troops for the punishment of disturbers of the peace. In 1499 he carried unsucce ful war against the Swi Confederacy, which resulted in the practical independence of the latter. Through the influence of his second wife, Bianca Sforza, daughter of the Duke of Milan, whom he married in 1494, he became involved in a contest with France for the sovereignty of Milan and Naples. In 1508 he joined the League of Cambray against Venice. In 1513 he joined the Holy League against France; and in the same year a isted Henry VIII. of England in gaining the brilliant victory over the French at Gui negate ("the battle of the spurs"). Maximilian II. Born at Vienna, Aug. 1, 1527: died Oct. 12, 1576. Emperor of the Holy Roman Empire 1564-76, son of Ferdinand I. He succeeded his father in 1564 as emperor, archduke of Austria, and king of Hungary and Bohemia. to the imperial throne he found the empire at war with the Turks. He concluded a truce with Selim II. in 1568, each party retaining its po e ions. He was of a mild and tolerant disposition, and left the Protestants und is turbed in the exercise of their religion. At his acce ion