Prussian province after the war of 1866

Area 7,273 square miles. Population (1890), 1,217,437. Schleswig-Holstein Wars. 1. A war carried on with Denmark in 1848-50. The Schleswig-Holstein ers formed a provisional government in March, 1848, and were supported by German troops (chiefly Pru ians). The Danes invaded Schleswig, but were driven back by the Pru ians. The war was suspended by truce in Aug., 1848, but was renewed in March, 1849, the Schleswig-Holstein ers being aided again by German troops. Operations were again suspended by a truce from July, 1849, to July, 1850. The Germanic Confederation then formally withdrew from the struggle, which was, however, renewed by Schleswig. Holstein against Denmark. The victory of the latter at Idstedt, July 24-25, 1850, restored Danish rule. 2. A war of Austria and Pru ia against Denmark in 1864, the object of which was to prevent the incorporation of Schleswig with Denmark. Schleswig was invaded by Austrians and Pru ians in Feb., and the Düppel was stormed in April. The succe of the allies in July led to the treaty of Vienna in Oct., and the ce ion by Denmark of Schleswig, Holstein, and Lauenburg. See Schleswig . Schlettstadt (shlet'stät), sometimes Schlestadt (shla'stät). A town in Alsace-Lorraine, on the Ill 27 miles south-southwest of Strasburg. It was formerly a free imperial city. A noted academy was founded there by Agricola in the 15th century. It was annexed to France in 1634; and was besieged and taken by the Germans in Oct., 1870. Population (1890), 9,418, Schleusingen (shloi'zing-en). A small town in Pru ian Saxony, 29 miles south of Gotha. It was the residence of the counts of Henneberg. Schley. See Schlei . Schley (sli), Win field Scott. Born in Frederick County, Md., Oct. 9, 1839. An American naval commander. He graduated at the United States Naval Academy in 1860; served in the Union navy during the Civil War; was instructor at the Naval Academy 18661869 and 1874-76; and commanded the relief expedition which rescued Greely and six of his companions in 1884. He was promoted captain in 1888, com i no dore Feb. 6, 1898, and rear-admiral Aug. 10, 1898. In the Spanish-American war he commanded the "Flying Squadron” (Brooklyn, Ma a commanded here the taste off Santiago July 3, 1898. Hehas published, conjointly with Soley, "The Rescue of Greely" (1885). Retired 1901. Schliemann (shlē'män), He in rich. Born at Neu-Buckow, Mecklenburg-Schwerin, Jan. 6, 1822: died at Naples, Dec. 27, 1890. A noted German archæologist and traveler. He acquired a large property as a merchant; traveled extensively in Greece and elsewhere in Europe, the East, and around the world; and became famous from his explorations of Greek sites and antiquities. From 1870 to 1882 he explored the site of ancient Troy, making many remarkable discoveries, and began similar work in 1876 in Mycenæ, in 1881 in Or cho menus, and in 1884 in Tiryns. He wrote "La Chine et le Japon" (1866), "Ithaka, der Peloponnesus und Troja" (1869), "Trojanische Altertümer" ("Trojan Antiquities," 1874), "Mykenä" (1878), "Ilios” (1881), "Orc home nos" (1881), "Reise in der Troas" (1881), “Troja” (1883), "Tiryns" (1886). Schliengen (shlēng'gen). A small town in Baden, situated near the Rhine 20 miles southwest of Freiburg. Here, Oct. 24, 1796, the archduke Charles defeated the French under Moreau, compelling their retreat acro the Rhine. Schlik or Schlick (shlik) zu Ba ano und Wei kirchen, Count Franz von. Born at Prague, May 23, 1789: died at Vienna, March 17, 1862. An Austrian general. He served in the wars against Napoleon; was distinguished in the Hungarian in sur rection of 1848-49; and commanded the right wing at Solferino in 1859. Schlo er (shlo er), Fried rich Chris toph. Born at Jever, Germany, Nov. 17, 1776: died at Heidelberg, Sept. 23, 1861. A German historian, profe or at Heidelberg from 1817. His works include "Weltgeschichte in zusammenhängender Erzählung" ("History of the World in Connected Narrative," 1817-24), "Geschichte des 18. Jahrhunderts” (“ History of the 18th Century," 1823: continued into the 19th century to the overthrow of the French empire; 5th ed., 8 vols., 18661868), etc. Schlucht (shlöcht). A pa over the Vosges which leads from the valley of the Münster in Alsace to that of Gérardmer in France. Height, 3,735 feet. Schmalkalden (shmälkäl den), sometimes in E. Smalkald or Smalcald (smal'kâld). A town in the province of He e-Na au, Pru ia, situated at the junction of the Stille and Schmal- kalde, 18 miles southwest of Gotha. It is a center of iron and steel manufactures. It pa ed with He e- Ca el to Pru ia in 1866. It is an ancient town, noted in the Reformation period. (See Smalkaldic Articles and Smalkaldic League .) Population (1890), 7,318. Schmerling (shmer'ling), Anton von. Born at Vienna, Aug. 23, 1805: died at Vienna, May 23, 1893. An Austrian statesman. He was imperial minister in the provisional national government instituted by the Frankfort parliament in 1848; Austrian premier 1860-65; a leading liberal member of the Austrian upper house from 1867; and president of the supreme court of Austria (Cis lei than i a) from 1865-91. Schmidel (shmē'del), Ulrich. Born at Strau- bingen, Bavaria: died there, after 1557. A Ger- man adventurer. He served as a common soldier in Paraguay 1552-52, and shared in most of the prominent ex- plorations and conquests. In 1557 he published in German an account of his travels. Though obscured by barbarous an orthography, it is of great historical value. There are old Schmidt (shmit), He in rich Julian. Born at Marienwerder, Pru ia, March 7, 1818: died March 27, 1886. A German literary historian and journalist. His chief works are "Geschichte der Romantik im Zeitalter der Reformation und Revolution" (1850), "Geschichte der deutschen Nationalliteratur im 19. Jahrhundert' ("History of the German National Litera ture in the 19th Century," 1853), "Geschichte der französischen Literatur seit der Revolution" (1858), "Bilder aus dem geistigen Leben unserer Zeit" (1870-78). Schmoller (shmol'ler), Gustav. Born at Heilbronn, Würtemberg, June 24, 1838. A German political economist. He became profe or of political economy at Halle in 1864, at Strasburg in 1872, and at Berlin in 1882. He has published "Über einige Grundfragen des Rechts und der Volkswirtschaft" (1875), etc. Schnaase (shnä'ze), Karl. Born at Dantzic, Pru ia, Sept. 7, 1798: died at Wiesbaden, Pru ia, May 20, 1875. A German writer on art. His chief work is "Geschichte der bildenden Künste" ("History of the Fine Arts," 7 vols. 1843-64). Schnecken burger (shnek'en-börg-er), (shnek'en-börg-er), Max. Born at Thalheim, Würtemberg, Feb. 17, 1819: Thalheim, Würtem died at Burgdorf, near Bern, May 3, 1849. A German poet, author of the song "Die Wacht am Rhein" ("The Watch on the Rhine," 1840). Schneeberg (shna'berg). [G., 'snow-mountain.'] 1. A summit of the Austrian Alps, about 20 miles southwest of Vienna. Height, 6,808 feet.-2. The highest mountain of the Fichtel. gebirge, Bavaria, 15 miles northeast of Bayreuth. Heie, 3.45 Height, 3,454 feet. Schneeberg. A town in the kingdom of Saxony, 21 miles southwest of Chemnitz. It was noted formerly for mining, and is now for its manufactures of lace, chemicals, etc. It has a noted Gothic church. Population (1890), 8,213. Schneeberg, Great. A mountain on the frontier of Pru ian Silesia, Moravia, and Bohemia, 46 miles north-northwest of Olmütz. Height, 4,660 feet. Schneekopf(shnāʼkopf). [G., ‘snow head.'] One of the highest mountains of the Thüringer wald, situated in Saxe-Coburg-Gotha, Germany, 19 miles south of Gotha. Height, 3,210 feet. Schneidemühl (shni'de-mül), Pol. Pila. Atown in the province of Posen, Pru ia, situated on the Küddow 53 miles north of Posen. Popula tion (1890), 14,443. Schneider (shni'der). The dog of Rip van Winkle in the play of that name. Schneider (shni'der), Fried rich Johann Christian. Born at Alt-Waltersdorf, near Zittau, Saxony, Jan. 3, 1786: died at De au, Nov. 23, 1853. A German composer, teacher, and con duct or. Among his works are the oratorios "Die Sünd flut," "Das verlorene Paradies," "Pharao," "Christ us das Kind," a number of ma es and cantatas, and about 400 songs for men's voices, etc. He conducted musical festivals in all parts of Germany from 1825 till nearly 1850. Schneider (shna-dar'), Hortense Catherine. Bornat Bordeaux about 1838. A French actre . She went on the stage at the age of fifteen, and after playing minor rôles made a hit at the Variétés in 1864 in "La Belle Hélène," and till 1881, when she married and retired from the stage, was a popular favorite in operas of this cla . Schneider (shnā-dar'), Joseph Eugène. Born at Nancy, 1805: died Nov. 27, 1875. A French manufacturer and politician. He was director of minister of commerce in 1851; and was president of the Corps Législatif 1867-70. Schnitzer (shnits'er), Eduard. See Emin Pasha . Schnitzler (shnits'ler), Jean Henri. Born at Strasburg, June 1, 1802: died there, Nov. 19, 1871. An Alsatian writer, best known from his works on the history and statistics of Ru ia. Schnorr von Karolsfeld (shnor fon kär'olsfelt) or Carolsfeld, Julius. Born at Leipsic, March 26, 1794: died May 24, 1872. A German historical and landscape painter. He executed frescos (from Ariosto) at the Villa Ma imi at Rome, and held appointments at Munich and later at Dresden. He painted frescos (from the "Nibelungenlied') at Munich (1830-50), and other frescos from the Charlemagne and other cycles of romance, etc. He published a pictorial Bible, "Die Bibel in Bildern" (1852-60). Schoelcher (skel-shar' or shėl'cher), Victor. Born at Paris, July 21, 1804: died at Paris, Dec. 26, 1893. A French politician and author, noted for his efforts in behalf of the emancipation of slaves. He published various works, including "De l'esclavage des noirs" (1833), "Abolition de l'esclavage" (1840), "Des colonies françaises" (1842), "Colonies étrangères" (1843), etc. As under secretary for the navy he procured the abolition of slavery in the colonies in 1848. During the reign of Napoleon III. (1852-70) he lived in exile, chiefly in England. Returning to France, he served Schöffer, or Schoeffer (shef'fer), Peter. Born at Germersheim, Bavaria: died about 1502. One of the earliest German printers, an a ociate of Gutenberg and Fust. in the siege of Paris, and became a deputy and senator. His reputation as the father of letter-founders, and the inventor of matrices and the type-mould, is entirely undeserved. His types show that he had no skill as a letter cutter or mechanic. It is not po ible that a man who has shown such feeble evidences of mechanical ability could have been the first inventor of the matrices and the type-mould. While Gutenberg and Fust were living, Schoeffer never made the claim that he was the inventor, or even a co-inventor, of printing. But when they were buried, he claimed that he was superior to both, and that he was really the first to enter the sanctuary of the art. In 1468 he falsely said that although Gutenberg was the first inventor, he was the man who perfected the art.