Louis XIV

in 1660. She is frequently called Maria The res a Maries.'] A group of three small islands in the Pacific, west of Mexico, about lat. 21° 30′ Ν., long. 106° 30′ W. Maria-Theresiopol. See Theresienstadt . Mariazell (mä-rē-ä-tsel'). A village in Styria, Austria-Hungary, situated on the Salzabach 57 miles southwest of Vienna. It is the most frequented place of pilgrimage in the empire, on account of its shrine of the Virgin. Population (1890), commune, 1,263. Maribois (mä-re-bo-ēs'). A tribe of Indians which, at the period of the conquest, inhabited Nicaragua, near the present site of Leon. Probably their descendants are those now occupying the Indian suburb of Subtiaba, adjacent to Leon, and called Nagrandians by Squier and others, from the ancient name of this region. Their language appears to constitute a distinct of Austria (i. e., of the house of Austria or Hapsburg). Maria The res a (or The res i a). Born at Vienna, May 13, 1717: died at Vienna, Nov. 29, 1780. Archduche of Austria and queen of Hungary and Bohemia, daughter of the emperor Charles VI. She married Francis of Lorraine in 1736, and on the death of her father in 1740 succeeded to the hereditary po e ions of the house of Austria by virtue of the Prag matic Sanction. Her title being disputed, she became involved in the War of the Austrian Succe ion, which, with the exception of some unimportant ce ions, including that of Silesia to Pru ia, left her in the po e ion of her inheritance. Her husband was elected emperor as Francis I. in 1745. Her desire to recover Silesia led to the Seven Years' War (1756-63), which, however, ended in a confirmation of the ce ion. She made her son Joseph II. co-regent in 1765. See Pragmatic Sanction ; Austrian Succe ion, War of ; and Seven Years' War. stock. fine Pointed church with admirable sculpture. The Mit tel schlo also incloses a quadrangle, and measures about 300 by 270 feet. It contains the residence of the grand master and the state apartments. The splendid vaulting of the great hall is supported by a single column 38 feet high and only 10 inches thick. The a embly hall is also admirably vaulted, and has 3 slender central columns. The Vorburg, the third division of the castle, constituting the outer defenses, has been in part destroyed. Marienburg was the residence of the grand masters of the Teutonic Order 1309-1457. Later it belonged to Poland. Population (1890), 9,624. Marienwerder (mä-rē'en-ver-der). A town in the province of West Pru ia, Pru ia, 45 miles south by east of Dantzic. It was an ancient town of the Teutonic Order, and has a cathedral and a castle. Population (1890), 8,295. Marietta (ma-ri-et'ä). A city, capital of Washington County, Ohio, situated at the junction of the Muskingum with the Ohio, 94 miles east southeast of Columbus. It occupies the site of prehistoric mounds, and is the oldest town in Ohio (founded in 1788). It is the seat of Marietta College, founded in 1835. Population (1900), 13,348. Mariette (mä-ryet'), Auguste Edouard. Born at Boulogne, Feb. 11, 1821: died at Cairo, Egypt, Jan. 18, 1881. A French Egypt ologist, noted for his discoveries in Egypt, beginning with the excavation of the Serapeum and the Apis bulls in 1850. He founded the Egyptian Museum at Bulak, near Cairo (now at Gizeh), the French school of Egypt ology, and the Egyptian Institute. His works include "Le. Sérapéum de Memphis" (1857-60), "Karnak, etc." (1875), "Aperçu de l'his to ire d'Egypte," "Dendérah" (1870–76), "Abydos" (1869), "Deir-el-Bahari" (1877), "Monuments divers" (1876), "Itinéraire de la Haute-Égypte," and "Mastabas." Mar i glia no Mar i glia no (mä-rel-yä'nō). A town in the province of Caserta, Italy, 12 miles east-northeast of Naples. Population es. Population (1881), 11,461. Marignano. See Melegnano .. Marignolli (mä-ren-yōl'le), Giovanni de'. An Italian traveler in China. He was sent by Pope Benedict XII. on a mi ion to the Khan of Cathay or China in 1338, resided several years at Peking, and returned to the papal court at Avignon in 1353. He became chaplain to the emperor Charles IV. in 1354, and was afterward appointed bishop of Bisignano. He incorporated notes of his travels in a chronicle of Bohemia which he compiled by order of the emperor. Marihueno (ma-re-wa-no'). A rocky hill on the coast of Chile, fronting the bay of Arauco and a few miles north of the town of that name. The road pa es favorite the salon gila near it many of the bloodiest battles of the Araucanian war were fought, especially in 1554, 1563, and 1568. A fort was built on the top of the hill by So to may or in 1589. Also written Marigueno . Mariinsk (mä-rē-insk′), or Marinsk (märinsk'). A small town in the government of Tomsk, Siberia, situated on the Kiya about 100 miles east-southeast of Tomsk. Marina (mä-rē'nä). Born in Goazacoalco (Mexico) about 1501: died in Mexico after 1550. A Spanish name given to the Indian woman who became the mistre of Hernando Cortés, and was a prominent character in the conquest of Mexico. She was sold as a slave to the Tab as can Indians, and was one of the girls given by them to the Spaniards in 1519: owing to her knowledge of the Mexican language, she acted as interpreter. She bore several children to Cortés. In 1524 she was married to a Spanish captain named Juan Jaramillo. The name Marina was corrupted by the Indians to Malina , to which they added the titular suffix tzin , making Malintzin . This name was also given to Cortés. Marina (ma-rīna). In Shakspere's (1) "Pericles, Prince of Tyre," the daughter of Pericles and Thaisa. She was sold by perfidy as a slave at Mytilene, where Pericles found her. Marineo (mä-re-nā'ō). A town in the province of Palermo, Sicily, 12 miles south of Palermo. Population, commune, 9,673. Marini (mä-rē ́nē), or Marino (mä-rēnō), Giovanni Battista. Born at Naples, Oct. 18, 1569: died at Naples, March 25, 1625. A noted Italian poet, known in France as Le Cavalier Marin. His works include "Adone" "(1623), "La strage degli in no cent i" ("The Ma acre of the Innocents," 1633), sonnets, etc. Giovanni Battista Marini, the celebrated innovator on cla ic Italian taste, and who first seduced the poets of the seventeenth century into that labored and affected style which his own richne and vivacity of imagination were so well calculated to recommend. The most whimsical comparisons, pompous and overwrought descriptions, with a species of poetical punning and research, were soon esteemed, under his authority, as beauties of the very first order. Sismondi, Lit. of the South of Europe, I. 451. Marino (mä-rēnō). A town in the province of Rome, Italy, 13 miles southeast of Rome. Population (1881), 6,136. Mariño (mä-rēn' yō), Santiago. Born on the island of Margarita about 1788: died at La Victoria, Sept. 4, 1854. A Venezuelan general, prominent in the war for independence. After the first defeat of the patriots he invaded eastern Venezuela with only 45 men, rapidly gained ground, and was soon master of a large territory; but the rivalry between Mariño and Bolivar prevented them from coöperating until forced to do so, and eventually led to the defeat of both. Mariño was prominent in later campaigns and at Carabobo. Marino Faliero (mä-rēnō fä-lē-ā'rō). A tragedy by Lord Byron, published in 1820. Mar in us (Popes). See Martin . Mario (mä'rē-ō), Marchese di Candia. Born at Cagliari in 1812 (Grove): died Dec. 11, 1883. A celebrated Italian opera-singer. His voice was a tenor. He made his début in 1828 as Robert le Diable, having previously sung only in the fashionable society to which his noble birth admitted him. It was not till 1846 that he took the high rank in his profe ion which he afterward held. He sang with Grisi for twenty-five years in London, Paris, and St. Petersburg, and married her on the di olution of her previous marriage. He left the stage in 1867. He was considered the best lover on the operatic stage. Marion (mar'i-on). The capital of Marion County, central Ohio. Pop. (1900), 11,862. Marion (mar'i-on), Francis. Born at Winyaw, near George town, S. C., 1732: died near Eutaw, S. C., Feb. 27, 1795. An American Revolutionary general, distinguished as a partizan leader in South Carolina 1780-82. He served at Eutaw Springs in 1781. Marion Delorme (mä-rē-ôn' dė-lôrm'). A play by Victor Hugo, produced in 1831. Marion Delorme also appears in Bulwer's play "Riche lieu." Mariotte (mä-ryot'), Edme. Born in Burgundy about 1620: died at Paris, May 12, 1684. À noted French physicist, prior of St.-Martin-sous Beaune, near Dijon. He made many discoveries in hydrodynamics. His "Traité du mouvement des eaux" was published in 1786. The name "Mariotte's law" has been given to the principle (earlier discovered by Boyle) that at given temperature the volume given ma of gas varies inversely as the pre ure which it bears. Mariposa (ma-re-pō'sä). [Sp., 'butterfly': first applied applied to to a county of California taken for the stock name.] A county in the central part of California, east by south of San Francisco. It contains the Yosemite Valley and the Big Tree Grove. California, and afterward Mariposa Grove. A grove of gigantic trees ( Sequoia ) in Mariposa County, California. Mariposan (mar-i-po's an). [From Mariposa .] A linguistic stock of North American Indians, comprising the Yokut and Cholovone divisions, which embraced about 25 small tribes. The Yokut, or southern division, formerly inhabited that portion of California which is drained by the Fresno, the upper San Joaquin above the Fresno, Kings, Kaweah, and Tule rivers; the northern, eastern, and western shores of Tulare Lake; and a narrow strip in and along the foot-hills from the middle of the western shore of the lake to Mount Pinos on the south. The Cholovone, or northern division, which was separated from the Yokuts by tribes of Moquelumnan stock, occupied the east bank of the San Joaquin from the Stanislaus to the point where the former turns westward to enter Suisun Bay. In 1850 the tribes of the stock contained 2,000 to 3,000 individuals, but the number has gradually diminished until in 1890 but 167 remained. These are under the mi ion agency. Marischal, Earls. See Keith . Marisco (mä-ris'kō), or Marsh (märsh), Richard de. Died at Peter borough, May 1, 1226. Bishop of Durham and chancellor. In 1209 he was appointed rector of Bampton, Oxfords hire, and in 1210 was John's adviser in the persecutions of the Cistercians. In 1212 he was sheriff of Dorset and Somerset, and in 1214 chancellor (an office which he retained after John's death). Mar it an a (mar-i-tä nä). A tambourine dancer in "Don Cæsar de Bazan." Don Cæsar marries her to save his life. In 1217 he was made bishop of Durham. Mar it an a. An opera by Wallace, first produced at London in 1845. Maritime Alps. A division of the Alps which lies on the border of France and Italy, southwest of the Ligurian and the Cottian Alps: sometimes made to include the Ligurian Alps. Maritime Andes. The so-called branch of the Andes on the coast of Venezuela. Maritime Province, Ru . Primorskaya (premōr's ki-ä). A province in eastern Siberia, extending along the Pacific. Capital, Khabarovka; chief port, Vladivostok. Area, 715,982 square miles. Pop Population, 102,786. Maritime Province. See Küstenland . Maritza (mä-rēt ́sä). A river in Eastern Rumelia and European Turkey: the ancient Hebrus. It flows past Philippopolis and Adrianople, and empties into the Egean Sea near Enos. Length, 270 miles. It is naviga. ble in its lower course. In 1364 the first encounter between the northern Christians and the invaders took place on the banks of the Maritza, near Adrianople, whither Louis I., king of Hungary and Poland, and the princes of Bosnia, Serbia, and Wall a chia, pushed forward to put an end once for all to the rule of the Ottoman in Europe. Lala Shahin, Murad's commander-in-chief, could not muster more than half the number of troops that the Christians brought against him; but he took advantage of the state of drunken revelry in which the too confident enemy was plunged to make a sudden night attack, and the army of Hungary, heavy with sleep after its riotous festivities, was suddenly aroused by the beating of the Turkish drums and the shrill music of their fifes. The Ottomans were upon them before they could stand to arms. "They were like wild beasts scared from their lair," says the Turkish historian Sa'-ud-din; "speeding from the field of fight to the waste of flight, those abjects poured into the stream Maritza and were drowned." To this day the spot is called Sirf Sindughi, "Serbs' rout." Poole, Story of Turkey, p. 36. Mariupol (mä-rē-öʻpoly). A seaport in the government of Yekaterinoslaff, Ru ia, situated on the Sea of Azoff, at the mouth of the Kalmius, about lat. 47°7′ N., long. 37°35′E. Population (1893), 19,926. Marius (mä-rē-üs'). A character in the novel "Les Misérables," by Victor Hugo. Marius (ma'ri-us), Caius. Born near Arpinum, Italy, about 155 в. с.: died 86 B. c. A celebrated Roman general. He served in the Numantine war in 134; was tribune in 119, and pretor in 115; was legate under Me tell us in the Jugurthine war 109-108; was consul in 107, 104, 103, 102, 101, 100, and 86; commanded against Jugurtha 107-106, and against the Cimbri and Teutones 104-101; defeated the Teutones at Aix in 102, and the Cimbri at the Raudian Fields, near Vercellæ, in 101; and defeated the Marsi in the Social War in 90. His rivalry with Sulla caused the first civil war in 88. He was driven from Rome in that year, but returned, and with Cinna captured Rome in 87, and proscribed the aristocrats. Marivaux (mä-re-võ'), Pierre Carlet de Chamberlain de. Born at Paris, Feb. 4, 1688: died Feb. 12, 1763. A French dramatist and novelist. The plays he wrote previous to 1720 were distinct failures. His best work was done between 1722 and 1746: in that time he wrote some twenty-five plays, foremost among which Markham, John stand "Le jeu de l'amour et du hasard" (1730), "L'École des mœurs" (1732), ", Les fau es confidences" (1736), Le legs"(1736), and "L'Epreuve" (1740). All Marivaux's plays are more or le alike in their subject-matter. As SainteBeuve remarks, the various situations are effected not through outside events, but by the expre ion of inner feelings on the part of the different characters. Difficulties arise entirely through the fault of the lovers themselves, either in their curiosity, their timidity, their ignorance, their pride, or their pique. As a novelist Marivaux wrote "Marianne" (which see), his masterpiece; also "Le pays an parvenu" (1735) and "Pharamond, ou les folies romanesques" (1737). Marivaux's peculiar style has been named for him marivaudage . The term is now generally used in a depreciative sense. On the whole, Marivaux is original in his conceptions, and may be ranked next to Molière. He was received into the French Academy in 1743. Mark (märk). An ancient countship of Germany, now comprised in the province of West phalia, Pru ia, in the government district of Arnsberg. The countship arose in the middle ages, and became united with Cleves about 1400. In 1666, in consequence of the contest of the Jülich succe ion, it pa ed to Brandenburg. It pa ed to France in 1807, and formed part of the duchy of Berg. In 1813 it was restored to Pru ia. Mark (märk), Saint. [L. Marcus , Gr. Μάρκος .] The writer to whom is a igned by tradition the authorship of the second gospel. He has been generally supposed to be identical with the "John whose surname was Mark," mentioned in the Acts of the Apostles (particularly as a companion of Paul and Barnabas, and after their separation of Barnabas alone), and with the Mark whose name occurs in other pa ages in the New Testament (Pauline Epistles and 1 Peter). Probably the person mentioned in the Acts and the Pauline Epistles is not the same as the one named in the Epistle of Peter. Mark, Gospel of. The second gospel, the authorship of which is traditionally a igned to Mark. It is the most original of the synoptical gospels. It has been regarded as reflecting especially the influence of Peter. Mark, St., Basilica of. A famous Venetian basilica, founded in 830 to receive the relics of the evangelist brought from Alexandria, rebuilt in 976, and given its definitive form in 1052. It is the most famed Byzantine structure of western Enrope, cruciform in plan, with five great domes on pendentives, and many smaller domes in subordinate positions. The outer aisle or atrium was added later: with its five deep, wonderful color of its pied abo lite i arches repeated and fantastically canos incrusted marbles, it gives, with the domes and many pinnacles, to the exterior its picturesque and unique charac ter. The four celebrated bronze horses in front of the upper middle arch came from Constantinople, and probably adorned originally a Roman triumphal arch. The interior, though it measures only 205 by 164 feet, is or one of the most impre ive in the world. Almost the whole surface of walls, domes, and arches is covered with magnificent mosaics, representing Old and New Testament scenes on a gold ground. Most of the capitals of the columns are of the finest Byzantine, though some are cla ical; and the rood-screen, surmounted by its long row of statues, is at once beautiful and venerable. Externally and internally, and despite regrettable restorations, St. Mark's is the most superb piece of architectural coloring in the world. Mark. The cowardly and treacherous king of Cornwall, in Arthur i an romance. Mark appears in his more general form in the older romance as evidence that the later romance-writer found in the king's treachery some sort of palliation for what Sir Walter Scott calls the extreme ingratitude and profligacy of the hero. Cox , Pop. Romances, Int., p. 38. Markab (mär'kab). [Heb. and Ar., usually 'a wagon' or 'a chariot,' sometimes a saddle.' The name is from the Alphonsine tables.] The bright second-magnitude star a Pegasi, at the base of the horse's neck. Mark Antony. See Antony . Market Harborough (märket här'bur-ō). A town in Leicestershire, England, 12 miles south of Leicester. It is a hunting center. Population (1891), 5,876. Markham (märk'am), Clements Robert. Born at Stillingflect, near York, July 20, 1830. An English traveler, geographer, and historian. He served in the navy; took part in an arctic expedition 1851; traveled in Peru 1852-54; and in 1860 visited Peru and India as commi ioner to introduce cinchona plants into the latter country. He was secretary of the Royal Geographical Society 1863-88, and was attached to the Aby in i an expedition of 1867-68. His works include "Travels in Peru and India" (1862), "History of the Abys. sinian Expedition" (1869), "The War between Peru and Chile" (1882), "History of Peru" (1892), works on arctic exploration, etc. He has edited various reprints of works on South America for the Hakluyt Society. Markham, Frederick. Born near Lewes, Su ex, Aug. 16, 1805: died at London, Dec. 21, 1855. An English lieutenant-general. He served as lieutenant-colonel in the Panjab campaign 1848-49. In 1854 he was made major-general, and in 1855 received the local rank of lieutenant-general. He commanded the second division before Sebastopol. Markham, Gervase or Jervis. Born about 1568: died at London, Feb., 1637. An English author. He fought in the Low Countries and in Ireland, and was a poet and dramatist. Markham, John. Born at Westminster, June 13, 1761: died at Naples, Feb. 13, 1827. An English admiral, the second son of William The Century Cyclopedia of Names Markham, John Markham, archbishop of York. In March, 1775, he entered the navy, and in 1776 joined Lord Howe in New York. He was made post-captain Jan. 3, 1783. When in Feb., 1801, Lord St. Vincent was appointed first lord of the admiralty, he made Markham a member of the board. Markham, William. Born at Kinsale, Ireland, April, 1719: died at London, Nov. 3, 1807. Archbishop of York. He graduated at Oxford in 1742. In 1753 he became head-master of Westminster School; in 1767 dean of Christ Church, Oxford; in 1771 bishop of Chester; and in 1777 archbishop of York. Mark neuk irc hen (märk"noi'kirch-en). Atown in the kingdom of Saxony, 45 miles southwest of Chemnitz. It has manufactures of musical instruments. Population (1890), 6,652. Mark Twain. See Clemens . Marl borough (märl'bur-ō or mal'bur-ō). A town in Wilts hire, England, situated on the Kennet 27 miles east of Bath. It contains a school (Marl borough College) near the site of its ancient castle. There are megalithic remains in the neighborhood. Population (1891), 3,012. Marl borough, or Marlboro' (märl'bur-ō). A city in Middle sex County, Ma achusetts, 26 miles west of Boston. It has manufactures of boots and shoes. Population (1900), 13,609. Marl borough, Dukes of. See Church ill and Spencer Marl borough, Sarah Jennings, Duche of. Born near St. Albans, May 29, 1660: died (probably) at Marl borough House, Oct. 18, 1744. A celebrated favorite of Queen Anne. She married John Church ill, afterward Duke of Marl borough, in 1678. In 1683 she wa was appointed one of the ladies of the bed chamber to Anne, then the prince Anne, with whom she was very intimate. Her imperious nature and strong intellect for a while entirely dominated the latter, but her rule became unbearable, and she was superseded in the queen's affection by Mrs. Masham. In 1711, on the dis mi al of Marl borough from office, she retired from the queen's service, and pa ed the rest of her life in a series of bitter quarrels. See Morley, Mrs. Marl borough House. The London residence of the Prince of Wales. It is a large building of brick trimmed with stone, with extensive gardens fronting on the Mall. It was built for the first Duke of Marl borough by Wren in 1710. Marlitt (mär'lit), E., pseudonym of Eugenie John. Born at Arnstadt, in Thu ring i a, Dec. 5, 1825: died there, June 22, 1887. A German novelist. Her father was a portrait-painter. In her seventeenth year she was sent by her foster-mother, the Prince of Schwarzburg-Sonders hausen, to Vienna to receive instruction in vocal music, but became deaf and was obliged to give up a contemplated musical career. Subsequently she lived for eleven years at the court of the prince , but ultimately took up her residence in her native place. Beginning with "Die zwölf Apostel" ("The Twelve Apostles"), which was published in 1865, all her stories have first appeared in the journal "Die Gartenlaube." Other works are "Gold else" ("Gold Elsie"), "Blaubart" ("Blue Beard"), "Das Geheimni der alten Mamsell" ("The Old Mamselle's Secret”), all 1868, “Thüringer Erzählungen" ("Thu ring i an Tales," 1869), "Reichsgrätin Gisela" ("Counte Gisela," 1870), "Heideprinze chen" ("The Moorland Prince ," 1872), "Die zweite Frau" ("The Second Wife," 1874), "Im Haus des Kommerzienrats" ("In the House of the Counselor," 1877), "Im Schillings hof" (1879), etc. Marlow, Great. See Great Marlow . Marlow (mär'lō), Young. The son of Sir Charles Marlow in Goldsmith's "She Stoops to Conquer.” He is extremely shy with women of reputation and virtue, but an impudent fellow among women of another stamp; hence Mi Hard castle "stoops" to the disguise of a barmaid "to conquer" him. Marlowe (mär'lō), Christopher. Born at Canterbury (baptized Feb. 26, 1564): killed in a street fight at Deptford, June 1, 1593. An English poet and dramatist, son of John Marlowe, a shoe and there are indications that he a isted in writing some of the earlier Shaksperian plays. He wrote two sestiads of a paraphrase of the "Hero and Leander" of Musæus, which was finished by George Chapman. "Come live with me and be my love" was first printed in the "Pa ionate Pilgrim" in 1599. Marly-le-Roi (mär-lēʻlė-rwä'). A village in the department of Seine-et-Oise, France, situated on the Seine 10 miles west of Paris. It was formerly noted for its château of Louis XIV. Near it is Marly-la-Machine, a hamlet noted for its hydraulic works for supplying Versailles with water. Population, 1,200. Mar Magallanico or Magalhanico. ['Sea of Magellan.'] A name sometimes given by geographers of the 16th century to the South Pacific Ocean. Marmande (mär-mond'). A town in the department of Lot-et-Garonne, France, situated on the Garonne 42 miles southeast of Bordeaux. Population (1891), commune, 10,341. Mármaros-Sziget. See Sziget . Marozia Nera, celebrated for its beauty. Height of the falls, 65 feet, 330 feet, and 190 feet respectively. Marne (märn). A river in France which joins the Seine 2 miles southeast of Paris: the Roman Matron a. Length, 306 miles; naviga- ble from St.-Dizier. Marne. A department in France. Capital, Châlons-sur-Marne. It is bounded by Aisne and Ar- dennes on the north, Meuse on the east, Haute-Marne and Aube on the south, and Aisne and Seine-et-Marne on the west, forming part of the ancient Champagne. The sur is and partly hilly. traversed by the Marne. The leading product is champagne. Area, 3,159 square miles. Population (1891), 434,692. Marne, Haute-. See Haute - Marne . Marmier (mär-mya'), Xavier. Born at Pon- Marnix, Philipp. See Sainte- Aldegonde . tarlier, France, June 24, 1809: died Oct. 11, 1892. A French littérateur, author of travels and translator from the German. He made a journey to Scand in a via and Lapland at the expense of the government in 1836-38; was appointed profe or of foreign literature at Rennes in 1839; and became librarian of the ministry of public instruction at Paris in 1841, and in 1846 custodian of the library of Sainte-Geneviève. He published histories of the German, Danish, and Swedish literatures, a history of Iceland, translations from the German and Scand in avian, etc. Marno (mär'nō), Ernst. Born at Vienna, 1844: died at Khartum, 1883. An African traveler. A specialist in zoölogy, he accompanied Casanova as far as Aby in i a in 1866; visited Khartum in 1869, and Sennaar and Fazogl in 1870; explored the Bahr es-Seraf 1871-72; and published in 1874 "Reisen im Gebiete des Blauen und Wei en Nil." Called again to the Egyptian Sudan by Gordon, he explored the Makaraka and Kordofan, and returned and wrote "Reisen in der Äquatorialprovinz und in Kordofan" (1876). In 1879 he was again with Gordon fighting the slave-traders. Maro (ma'rō). The family name of Vergil Marocco. See Morocco . Marmion (mär'mi-on). A narrative poem by by (Publius Vergilius Maro). Sir Walter Scott, published in 1808. Mac ready adapted it for the stage, and played it at his benefit. Marmion, Shakerley or Shackerley. Born near Brackley, North amp tons hire, Jan., 1603: died at London, Jan., 1639. An English drama- tist and poet. He wrote "Holland's Leaguer" (licensed and printed 1632), "A Fine Companion" (1633), "The An- tiquary" (his best-known play: acted in 1636, printed 1641). He also wrote "Cupid and Psyche," and other poems. Marmol (mär-mōl'), José. Born in Buenos Ayres about 1818: died there, Aug. 12, 1871. An Argentine author. He was exiled by Rosas, fought against him, and was subsequently a member of Congre and director of the national library. His works include many poems and dramas, and "La Amalia," a romance of the time of Rosas, which has been translated into French and German. Marmolada (mär-mō-läʼdä). The highest sum mit of the Dolomite Alps, near the border of southern Tyrol and Italy. Height, 11,045 feet. Marmolejo, Alonso de Góngora. See Góngora Marmolejo . Marmont (mär-môn'), Auguste Frédéric Louis Vie e de, Duc de Raguse. Born at Châtill on sur-Seine, France, July 20, 1774: died at Venice, March 2, 1852. A French marshal. He served with distinction in the Napoleonic campaigns, particularly at Marengo (1800) and Ulm (1805), and in the campaigns of 1809 and 1813-14; was governor-general of the Illyrian Provinces 1809-11; was Wellington Salamanca July 22, 1812; and surrendered his army to the provisional government April, 1814. He unsucce fully attempted to suppre the revolution of 1830. His "Mémoires" were published 1856-57. Marm on tel (mär-môn-tel'), Jean François. Born at Bort, Limous in, July 11, 1723: died at Abbeville, Eure, Dec. 31,1799. A French writer. He was brought up by the Jesuits, and destined for the church. In 1741 he was appointed substitute instructor in philosophy at Toulouse. His first piece of literary work, an ode (1743), proved a failure. Encouraged by Voltaire's sympathy, however, he came to Paris, and took several prizes in literary competition (1745-47). He wrote several tragedies, "Denys le tyran" (1748), “Arsitomène” (1749), "Cléopâtre" (1750), "Les Héraclides "(1752), and "Egypt us (1753), but his succe was not great as a poet. Then he turned his attention to prose, and contributed largely to the "Encyclopédie." He recast several of his articles and published them subsequently in book form, such as his française" (1763), and his "Éléments de littéra ture" (1787): this latter work places him second to La Harpe only as a propagandist of literature in the 18th century. He had already acquired renown by his "Contes moraux" (1761), his philosophical novel "Bélisaire" (1767), and his historical novel "Les Incas" (1777). He published further "La Pharsale," translated from Lucan (1761), and wrote the words for several comic operas, as "Le Huron" (1768), "Zémire et Azor” (1771), “Didon” (1783), and "Pénélope" (1785). Between 1789 and 1792 he published in "Le Mercure" a second series of "Contes moraux." His posthumous works are “Mémoires d'un père à ses enfants" (1804), and "Leçons d'un père à ses enfants sur la langue française" (1806). He was elected to the French Academy in 1763. He is a truly representative disciple of Voltaire. Marmora (mär'mō-rä). An island in the Sea of Marmora, belonging to Turkey, about 70 miles west-southwest of Constantinople: the ancient Pro connes us. Length, about 11 miles. Marmora, Sea of. A sea between European and Asiatic Turkey, communicating with the Black Sea on the northeast by the Strait of Bosporus, and with the Ægean Sea on the south west by the Dardanelles: the ancient Pro pont is. 1830: died at Boston, Ma ., May 19, 1876. An American actor. His first stage appearance in America was in Sept., 1855. He was noted as Sir Lucius O'Trigger, Captain Hawtree, etc. 50 miles. Mar more (mär'mō-rā), Cascate delle, or Falls of Terni (ter'nē). A series of cascades near Terni, Italy, in the Velino near its mouth in the Marochetti (mä-rō-ket'tē), Carlo. Born at Turin, 1805: died at Paris, Jan. 4, 1868. An Italian sculptor, royal academician, and baron of the Italian kingdom. He was educated at the Lycée Napoléon at Paris, and studied sculpture with Baron Bosio. His chief works are equestrian statues of the Duke of Orléans, the equestrian statue of Richard Cœur de Lion at Westminster, the equestrian statues of the Queen and Duke of Wellington at Glasgow, and the Inkerman monument at St. Paul's. Maronites (mar'ō-nīts). A section of the Syrian population, settled chiefly on and around Mount Lebanon, from Tripolis in the north to Tyre and the Sea of Galilee in the south. Their number is above 200,000. They live by cattle-breeding, agriculture, and silk-culture. They form a separate ecclesiastical community, having been originally Monothelites (holding that in Christ there was only one will). Since 1182 they have been united to the Catholic stradally their secoman leges, as the Syrian liturgy and marriage of the lower by Christian pasha and by clergyational condemolitically a sheiks chosen from their aristocracy, and only paying a tribute to the Turkish government. The name Maronites is derived from an old monastery which was situated on the Orontes (modern al-Azi) between Hamah and Emesa, and was so named after a saint who lived in the 4th century ( mar meaning in Syrian 'lord,' 'master,' then 'saint'; maron , my lord). Some derive it from a village, Mar one a, situated east of Antioch. Maroons (ma-rönz'). The name formerly given in Jamaica to bands of fugitive slaves and their descendants. They formed villages in the mountains in the 17th century. Early in the 18th century they became formidable under their leader, Cudjoe, attacking plantations and openly opposing government troops. In 1738 Governor Trelawney made a treaty of peace with them, securing their freedom and granting them lands. They rebelled in 1795, were partially reduced in 1796, and many of them were sent to Nova Scotia and Sierra Leone. The last outbreak of the survivors was in 1798. The name (French nègres marrons ) is sometimes applied to the bush negroes of Guiana. Maros (mor'ōsh). A river in Transylvania and Hungary which joins the Thei near Szegedin. Length, about 600 miles; navigable from Karls burg. Maros-Vásárhely (mor'ōsh-vä'shär - hely), G. Neumarkt (noi'märkt). The capital of the county of Maros-Torda, Transylvania, situated on the Maros in lat. 46° 28′ N., long. 24° 35′ E.: the chief town of the Szeklers. Population (1890), 14,212. Marot (mä-rö'), Clément. Born at Cahors, 1497: died at Turin, 1544. A noted French poet. He was sent to Paris at an early age to study law, but the work was not to his taste, and he soon gave it up. His father had been court poet to the Queen of France, Anne de Bretagne, and through him the son obtained acce to the court circles, where he won the good will of Marguerite de Valois. When Francis I. came to the throne of France in 1515, Clément Marot attracted the king's attention by his poem "Le temple de Cupidon," and was retained by him at court. The poet followed his royal patron on his expeditions, and led on the whole an eventful life. Besides a great deal of original poetry, Marot translated portions of Vergil, Ovid, and Petrarch, also 52 psalms of David. His complete works have been variously edited: the last edition from the author's lifetime is dated 1544. His modern editors are Fresnoy (1731), Rapilly (1824), Jannet (1868-72), and Guiffrey, whose work is still (1894) in course of publication. Marozia (ma-rō'zi-ä). Died before 945. A Roman woman notorious for her profligacy and court. She was the daughter of the infamous The odor a influence exercised papal Marozia and Theophylactus, became the mistre of Pope Sergius III., and married succe ively Alberic I., prince of Rome, her stepson Guido, and Hugo, king of Italy. She was in. strumental in raising three popes to the throne, among whom was her son by Sergius, John XI. She was eventually imprisoned by her son Alberic. See Alberic II . Marplot, or the Second Part of The Busy Body. A comedy by Mrs. Cent livre, produced in 1710. Henry Woodward altered it, and called it "Marplot in Lisbon." Martin Marplot is a silly, cowardly fellow, who spoils everything he undertakes. He differs somewhat from Mar-all in Dryden's play, and is the origi nal of the more modern Paul Pry. were written Marprelate Controversy, The. A vigorous and vituperative pamphlet war waged by the Puritans against the defenders of English Church discipline about 1589. The pamphlets wer by a number of persons, but were published under the name of Martin Marprelate. Udall was the originator of the controversy, but afterward announced his disapproval of the Martin ist methods. The pre which printed the tracts was moved from place to place to avoid government suppre ion, and was once seized, near ear Manchester, but the publications were continued. Penry, Barrow, Job Throckmorton, Fenner, John Field, and others have all been supposed to be the authors of the tracts, but some think Martin Marprelate to have been a layman about the court. The controversy was suppre ed by the death of Udall in prison, and the execution of Penry and Barrow in 1593.