CALIX TINES

One division of the Bohemian Reformers, who in the 15th century protested against the errors of the church of Rome, and maintained their independence by force of arms. After the death of Hu , his followers split into two principal parties, under the names of Taborites and Calix tines; of which the latter were the most moderate, and held out chiefly on the ground of the refusal of the cup (calix) to the laity, whence they derived their name. Their hostility was at length propitiated by indulgence on this point: the church of Rome declaring expre ly at the same time that the giving or withholding of the sacramental wine is a matter of ecclesiastical ordinance merely, and neither the one nor the other e ential to the reception of the benefits of the eucharist. The council of Basle (1431) says,— Sive sub una specie sive duplici quis communicat, secundum ordinationem seu observationem ecclesise, proficit digne communicant i bus ad saluter a. The same name is given to the followers of Calixtus,a German divine of the 17th century, who proposed a reconciliation between the Roman Catholics, Luther ans, and Reformed church, on the basis of the Apostles' Creed. CALLIGRAPHY^ (Yunanca köken — orijinale bakınız.) The art of beautiful writing. The scribes who made a profe ion of copying manuscripts, before the invention of printing, have been termed Calligraphers. Their art consisted not merely in writing, but also in embellishing their work with ornamental devices, although illumination (which see) was also practised as a distinct emplopnent. Among the MSS. of the early part of the middle ages which we po e , there are some sumptuous specimens of the art, written in letters of gold, vermilion, . and on leaves of different colours, but that fashion went early out of use; and in general it may be said, that the current writing of calligraphers diminished in beauty and in laborious minutene , especially in Italy, during the centuries immediately preceding the invention, of printing. [s. 195]