necessitous (nesesitus)

[F. néce iteux = Pg. It. nec e i to so; as nece ity + -ous.] Pre ed by poverty; unable to procure what is nece ary for one's station; needy. Applied - ( a ) To persons. That we may suffer together with our calamitous and nece itous brethren. Jer . Taylor , Works (ed. 1835), I. 199. They who were envied found no satisfaction in what they were envied for, being poor and nece itous . Clarendon, Great Rebellion. We gentlemen of small fortunes are extremely nece i to us in this particular. Steele, Tatler, No. 208. (b) To circumstances. He was not in nece itous circumstances, his salary being a liberal one. F. B. Winslow, Obscure Mental Diseases, =Syn. Needy , Nece itous (see needy ); pennile , destitute, pinched, poor. nece itously (nē-ses'i-tus-li), adv . In a nece itous manner: as, to be nece itously circumstanced. nece itousne (nē-ses'i-tus-nes), n. The state of being nece itous; the want of what is nece ary for one's station; need. Where there is want and nece itousne , there will be quarrelling. T. Burnet, Theory of the Earth. nece itudet (nē-ses'i-tūd), n. [ L.nece itudo , inevitablene , need, distre , also intimate relationship or friendship, nece e , inevitable, nece ary: see nece ary , nece ity .] A sacred obligation of family or friendship; a tie or bond of relationship or intimacy. Between kings and their people, parents and their children, there is so great a nece itude , propriety, and intercourse of nature. Jer. Taylor . The mutual nece itudes of human nature nece arily maintain mutual offices, and correspondence between them. Sir M. Hale , Orig. of Mankind. nece ity (ne-ses'i-ti), n.; pl. nece ities (-tiz). [Early mod. E. also nece itie, nece itee; nece ite, nece itee, ne esite, néce ité = Sp. necesidad = Pg. nece itade = It. nece ità, the absolute character of a determination or limitation which is not merely without exception, but which would be so in any po ible state of things; absolute constraint. But who can turne the stream of destinee, Or breake the chayne of strong nece itee, Which fast is tyde to Joves eternall seat? Spenser, F. Q., I. v. 25. He must die, as others; And I must lose him; 'tis nece ity. Fletcher, Val ent in i an, iii. 3. That strength joyn'd with religion, abus'd and pretended to ambitious ends, must of nece ity breed the heaviest and most quelling tyranny. Milton , Church-Government, ii. 3. 2. As applied to the human will, the opposite of liberty . (a) Compulsion, physical or, more generally, moral; a stre upon the mind causing a person to do something unwillingly or with extreme reluctance: as, to make a virtue of nece ity. Thenne of nece ite They them withdrewe, and towarde the Citee They toke the way. Generydes (E. E. T. S.), 1. 2552. Then take his Head; Yet never say that I I u'd this Warrant, but Nece ity. J. Beaumont, Psyche, iii. 194. Nece ity... was the argument of tyrants, it was the creed of slaves. Pitt , On the India Bill, Nov. 18, 1783. And the great powers we serve themselves may be Slaves of a tyrannous Nece ity. M. Arnold , Mycerinus. (b) In philos . , the inevitable determination of the human will by a motive or other cause. This is only a special use of the word in the free-will dispute. In philosophy generally, by the nece ity of a cognition is properly meant a cognized nece ity , or universality in reference to po ible states of things; although some writers use the word to denote a constraint upon the power of thought. Will and reason (reason also is choice), Usele and vain, of freedom both despoil'd, Made pa ive both, had served nece ity , Not me. Milton , P. L., iii. 110 nece ity Wherever thought is wholly wanting, or the power to act or forbear according to the direction of thought, there nece ity takes place. Locke, Human Understanding, II. xxi. 13. 3. A condition requisite for the attainment of purpose; also, nece ary of life, without 3952 part, like or likened to a neck: as, the neck of the thigh-bone; the neck of the bladder; the neck of the uterus. See cut under femur.-5. The flesh of the neck and adjoining parts: as, a neck of mutton.-6. That part of a thing which mal. necker cher The devil on his neck. See devil. - To break the neck, to put one of the bones of the neck out of joint; dislocate a cervical vertebra. In legal execution by hanging the aim is to cause speedy or instantaneous death by dislocating the atlas or first bone from the axis or second bone, and at the same time injuring the spinal cord. See check break.-To give the finishing stroke. Whom when his foe presumes to checke, His seruants stand to give the necke. one's station, would be impo ible. These should be hours for nece ities , Not for delights. Shak., Hen. VIII., v. 1. 2. When war is called a nece ity, it is meant, of course, that its object cannot be attained in any other way. Sumner, Orations, I. 48. 4. Want of the means of living; lack of the means to live as becomes one's station or is one's habit. Off me shall ye have both ayde and comfort In all your nedes of nece ite. Rom . of Partenay (E. E. T. S.), 1. 3818. I abjure all roofs, and choose To wage against the enmity o' the air; To be a comrade with the wolf and owl- Nece ity's sharp pinch! 5. Extreme need, in general. Shak ., Lear, ii. 4. 214. IMG:content-1258.png:[blocks in formation] 7. Bad illicit spirit. Hall i well. [Prov. Eng.] -Doctrine of nece ity, the doctrine that all human actions are absolutely determined by motives, so that the will is not free. - Internal nece ity. See internal.Legal nece ity, constraint by the law; also, that which one is constrained by the law to do, irrespective of consent. The word nece ity is also used in the law to denote that degree of moral nece ity which is recognized as justifying or excusing an act otherwise unlawful, such as the killing of an a ailant in self-defense; also, particularly in the phrase public nece ity, to designate the requirement of what is needed for reasonable convenience or facility and completene in accomplishing a public purpose.Logical nece ity, truth, not merely in the existing state of things, but in every state of things in which the proposition to which the nece ity belongs should preserve its signification; the truth of that to know which it is suficient to know the meanings of the words in which it is expre ed. - Money of nece ity, coins (generally of unusual shape, and rudely fabricated) i ued during a siege (see siege - piece ), or in times of nece ity, when there is an insufficient supply of gold and silver and the operations of the ordinary mints are suspended. - Moral nece ity. See def. 2, above. - Natural nece ity. See natural. Physical nece ity, the nece ity which arises from the laws of the material universe. This nece ity is conditional, not absolute. - Works of nece ity, in the Sunday laws, any labors which are nece ary to be done on Sunday for life, health, comfort, general welfare, and reason able convenience for enjoying the leisure and the privileges of the day, such as the running of horse-cars, ferries, and, within reasonable limits, railroad-trains, and such labors as are requisite for maintaining in their nece ary continuity proce es of manufacture incidental to civilization, such as keeping up the fires of a blast-furnace. =Syn. Nece ity, Need. Nece ity is more urgent than need: a merchant may have need of more money in order to the most succe ful managing of his busine ; he may have a neces sity for more cash in hand to avoid going into bankruptcy. neck (nek), n. [ it extends. See cuts under muscle. He hat he abouten his Nekke 300 Perles oryent, gode and grete, and knotted, as Pater Nostres here of Amber. Mandeville, Travels, p. 197. Or necklace for a neck to which the swan's Is tawnier than her cygnet's. Tennyson, Lance lot and Elaine. 2. Figuratively, life, from the breaking or severing of the neck in legal executions: as, to risk one's neck; to save one's neck.-3. In entom.: (a) The membrane connecting the hard parts of an insect's head with those of the thorax, and visible only when the head is forcibly drawn out. (b) The posterior part of the head when this is suddenly narrowed behind the eyes. (c) A slender anterior prolongation of the prothorax found in certain Diptera and Hymenoptera.-4. In an at., a constricted part, or constriction of a Some of them upon the necke of their launce haue an hooke, where with all they attempt to pull men out of their saddles. Hakluyt's Voyages , I. 62. (a) That part of a garment which covers the neck: as, the high neck of a gown. (b) A long narrow strip of land connecting two larger tracts; an isthmus. They followed vs to the necke of Land, which we thought had beene severed from the mayne. Quoted in Capt . John Smith's Works, I. 107. (c) The slender upper part of any ve el which has a larger rounded body: as, the neck of a bottle, retort, etc. Breton, Daffodils and Primroses, p. 5. ( Davies .) To harden the neck, to grow obstinate or obdurate; be more and more perverse and rebellious. Our fathers dealt proudly, and hardened their necks , and hearkened not to thy commandments. Neh. ix. 16. To tie neck and heels, to confine by forcibly bringing the chin and knees of a person close together. - To tread on the neck of, figuratively, to subdue utterly; oppre . -To win by a neck, in racing , to be first by the length of a head and a neck; make a close finish. Take the noblest and the strengest brennynge watir that into a glas clepid amphora, with a long necke. Book of Quinte E ence (ed. Furnivall), p. 5. (d) In stringed musical instruments of the viol and lute families, the long slender part extending upward from the body, culminating in the head where the tension is regulated, and bearing in front the finger-board over which the strings (or such of them as are to be stopped) are stretched. (e) The part of an axle that pa es the hub of the wheel; also, a diminished part of any shaft resting in a bearing. (f) The round shank connecting the blade and the socket of a bayonet. (g) The constricted part joining the knob to the breech of a gun. (h) The contracted part of a furnace over the bridge, between the stack and the heating or melting-chamber. (i) In print ing, the slope between the face and the shoulder of a type. Sometimes called beard. (1) In bot.: (1) In mo es, the collum or tapering base of the capsule. (2) In histology, the rim or wall of the archegonium which projects above the prothallium. It rests upon the venter, and is ordina rily composed of four longitudinal rows of cells. ( k ) The filled-up pipe or channel through which volcanic material has found its way upward. In modern volcanic areas the vent through which the lava, cinders, or ashes are ejected and reach the surface is generally concealed from view by the accumulated material which has been thrown out. In eruptive regions belonging to the older geological systems denudation has occasionally removed the overlying debris, so that the connection of the volcanic orifice with the more deep-seated regions can be seen and examined. This is particularly the case in the Carboniferous and Permian volcanic areas of Scotland. (1) The crook of the head of a golf-club where it joins the shaft. 7. In the clamp proce of brickmaking, one of a series of walls of unburned bricks which together constitute a clamp. The walls are built three bricks thick, about sixty long, and from twenty-four to thirty high, and incline inward against a central upright wall. The sides and top are cased with burned bricks. 8. A small bundle of the best ears of a wheat harvest, used in the ceremony of "crying the neck." [Prov. Eng.] -9. As a geographical designation, a corner or triangular district: as, Penn's Neck. [Local U. S. (New York, New Jersey), and South African.] - A stiff neck, in Scrip., persistence in disobedience; obduracy. Jer. xvii. 23. But [they) made their neck stiff , that they might not hear, nor receive instruction. Derby shire neck, bronchocele or goiter: frequent in the hilly parts of Derby shire, England. - Nape of the neck. See napel . - Neck and crop. See crop . - Neck and heels. Same as neck and crop. The liberty of the subject is brought in neck and heels, as they say, that the Earl might be popular. Roger North , Examen, p. 72. Neck and neck, at an equal pace; stride for stride; exactly even, or side by side: used in racing, and hence applied to competition of any kind.-Neck canal-cell, in bot., the same, or nearly the same, as neck - cell. - Neck of a column or of a capital, in arch., the space between the top of the shaft proper and the projecting part of the capital, if any separation is indicated. Thus, in the Doric column, the continuation, whether plain, ornamented, or rece ed, of the shaft above the incision or hypotrachelium as far as the annulets of the echinus, is the neck. Sometimes called trachelium. See necking, and cut under column. Neck of a gun, the part between the muzzle moldings and the cornice-ring. -Neck of an embrasure, in fort., the narrowest part of the embrasure, within the wider outer part, called the mouth. - Neck of a rib, the part between the head (or capitulum) and the shoulder (or tuberculum), -Neck of the bladder, the part of the bladder adjoining the urethral outlet. - Neck of the calcaneum, the slightly constricted part in front of the tuberosity. - Neck of the femur, the constricted part of the femur between the head and the top of the shaft. - Neck of the foot, the instep. Hall i well. [Prov. Eng.]-Neck of the humerus. (a) In an at., the slight constriction separating the head from the shaft of the bone; the circumference of the articular sur face, affording attachment to the capsular ligament. (b) In surg., a weak point in the shaft of the bone, a little below the tuberosities: so called from the frequency of fracture at this point. - Neck of the uterus, the lower, narrower part of the uterus, projecting into the vagina; the cervix uteri. -Neck or nothing, at every risk; k; des perately: I'll take the chances, neck or nothing.-On, or in the neck of, immediately after; closely following; on the heels of. He deposed the king; Soon after that, deprived him of his life; And, in the neck of that, task'd the whole state. Shak., 1 Hen. IV., iv. 3. 92. Upon the Neck of this began the Quarrel in Holburn between the Gentlemen of the Inns of Chancery and some Citizens. Baker , Chronicles, p. 193. kill; from the noun: see neck, n.] strangle or behead. IMG:content-1259.png:[blocks in formation] 1. Το IMG:content-1260.png:[blocks in formation] the bearing, so that the journal forms a sort of neck for the support of the wheel. neck-beef (nek'bef), n. The coarse flesh of the neck of cattle. They 'll sell (as cheap as neckbeef ) for counters. Swift.