Case'-shot, Canister

-SHOT, n. (Gun.) A number of musket-balls enclosed in a metal-case or cylinder, which bursts immediately after leaving the muzzle of the gun, and the bullets radiate outwards, or scatter in all directions, like the pellets in a charge of shot fired from a fowling-piece. It is very destructive to a body of men at 250 or 300 yards distance. Case-shot are made to suit guns of different calibre. Those chiefly used in the present day are called "Shrapnel shells," as they were invented by an officer of the name of Shrapnel. The case is spherical in form, like a shot or shell, and is filled with bullets and powder. It explodes by means of a fuse, which ignites when the shell is fired, and is so regulated that the case may burst just before reaching the body of men against which it is directed. IMG:content-0078.jpg:[blocks in formation] Cashew, ( ka - shōo ',) n. (Bot.) See ANACARDIUM. Cash'gar, or Kash'gar, a walled city of Chinese Turkestan, or Tartary, of which it was formerly the cap., and the farthest W. place of note in the Chinese empire, 140 m. N.W. of Yarkund, and 2,250 W. by S. of Pekin. Lat. 39° 28′ N., Lon. 73° 55′ E. Pop . abt. 16,000. Cash'ie, in N. Carolina , a small river, flowing in a S.E. direction through Bertie co., and entering Roanoke River 10 m. from its mouth. It is navigable for sloops to Windsor. Cashier, ( kash'er,) n. [Fr. cai ier .] One who has charge of money; one who superintends the books, payments, and receipts of a bank, trading concern, or moneyed busine ; a cash-keeper. Cash'ier, v. a. [Fr. ca er , to break, to annul; It. cas- sare, to cancel, to annul; from Lat. ca us , empty, de- prived of.] To deprive of office; to dismi from a post or office by a cancel ment of commi ion; as, to cashier an army officer.- To discard; to reject; as, to cashier an argument. Cashier'er, n. One who rejects or dismi es. Cash'-keeper, n. Same as CASHIER, q. v. Cash'mere, (anc. Caspira ,) a prov. of N. Hindostan, of the upper valley of the Ihylum, chiefly between Lat. Ca's eum, n. [Lat., cheese.] Same as CASEINE, q. v. Case'ville, in Michigan , a post-village of Huron co., dominions of the Maharajah of the Punjaub, consisting at the mouth of Pigeon River. Casilium. ( Anc . Geog .) A city of Camp an i a, on the Vulturn us, opposite Capua. It was in this vicinity that Hannibal was enclosed by Fabius in an upland valley, whence the Cart hag in i an general escaped by driving before him, up the hill-sides, oxen with blazing fagots fixed to their horns, about 217 в. с. Casimir I., ( kas'i - meer ,) king of Poland, surnamed the Peaceful , succeeded his father, Miecislas, in 1034. D. 1058. CASIMIR II., surnamed the Just , younger son of Boleslaus III., в. 1117. The crown was conferred on him in 1177, when his brother Miecislas was deposed. CASIMIR III., the Great , в. 1309, succeeded Ladislaus in 1333. He defeated John, king of Bohemia, and con- quered a part of Ru ia. He united to his warlike quali- ties the powers of a great king; maintained peace, founded several churches and hospitals, and built nu- merous fortre es. He is said, however, to have been a man of strong pa ions, in which he frequently indulged to exce . D. 1370.-In his reign, privileges were be- stowed on the Jews, which they have ever since continued to enjoy: these were granted at the request of a Jewe , named Esther, one of his favorites. Cask, n. [Fr. casque ; Sp. cásco; Gael. cas , ceis , a case.] A close, hollow wooden ve el for containing liquors. See BARREL; BUTT; HOGSHEAD; PIPE; PUNCHEON; KIL DERKIN, . -The quantity which a cask contains; as, a cask of ale. v. a. To put into a cask; as, to cask vinegar. Caskaid, in Ohio , a post-office of Putnam co. Casket, ( kasket ,) n. [Dim. of cask ; Fr. ca ette .] Liter- ally, a little cask. A small chest or box for the keeping of jewels and other valuables. A coffin. Caskets, (The,) a group of rocks in the English Chan- nel, 7 m. from Alderney. They have often been fatal to ve els, and, in 1119, Prince William, son of Henry I., and his suite, perished here. In 1744, the Victory ship of war, of 110 guns, also was shipwrecked upon them. On the highest there is a light-house in Lat. 49° 45′ N., Casno'via, in Michigan , a P. O of Muskeg on co. Caso'li, a town of S. Italy, 17 m. S. of Chieti; pop . 6,836. Caso'ria, a town of S. Italy, 5 m. N.N.E. of Naples; pop . 9,846. Cas'pé, a town of Spain, prov. Sarago a, near the con- fluence of the Guadaloupe with the Ebro, 58 m. S.E. of Sarago a; pop . 10,351. Cas'per, JOHANN LUDWIG, an eminent German physician and Profe or of Medical Jurisprudence, в. 1796. Не graduated at Halle as M. D., and in 1825 became adjunct profe or at Berlin University, and in 1839 full profes- sor. His lectures on Forensic Medicine attracted stu- dents from all Germany. D. 1864. Of his writings, the most noted are: Charakteristik der franz. Medic in; Die Verletzungen des Rückenmarks in Hinsicht auf ihr Lethal itätsverhältni ; Beiträge der Medic. Statistik und Staatsarzneikunde, . . -A township of Greene co. -A township of La Porte co. -A township of Pulaski co. -A township of Sullivan co. -A township of White co. Ca , in Illinois , a W. central co., bounded N.W. by a stream called Illinois, and N. by Sangamon River. Area , 350 sq. m. Surface , nearly level; soil , highly fer- tile; cap . Virginia. Pop . (1897) abt. 20,000. -A post-office of Du Page co. -A township of Fulton co. Ca , in Iowa , a S. W. co.; area, 576 sq. m. The Nish- nabatona river, an affluent of the Mi ouri, flows S.W. through this co. Cap . Atlantic. Pop . (1897) abt. 24,000. A township of Clayton co. -A township of Guthrie co. -A township of Hamilton co. -A township of Harrison co. -A township of Wapello co. Ca , in Michigan , a S.W. county, bordering on Indiana; area, 528 sq. m. It is drained by Dowagiac and Christian a rivers, and the St. Joseph's River touches the S.E. corner of the county. The surface is undulat ing; and the soil moderately fertile. Cap . Cas so polis. Pop . (1890) 21,034. -A post-office of Hills dale co. Ca , in Minnesota, a N. central co; area, 5,000 sq. m. Rivers. The Mi i ippi rises near its N.W. border, and forms its boundary on the N. and E. It is drained by Sauk, Crow Wing, and Long Prairie rivers, and sprin- kled over with lakes, the largest of which is Leech Lake, in the northern part. Caspian Sea, (anc. Mare Hyrcanum,) a great salt lake of W. Asia, between 36° 35' and 47° 25′ N. Lat., and 46° 15′ and 55° 10 E. Lon. It is wholly enclosed, having no outlet whatever to the ocean, and is surrounded by Tartary, Persia, the Caucasian countries, and the Rus- sian govts. of Orenburg and Astrakhan. Its greatest length from N. to S. is 760 m.; average breadth, 200. Area. About 120,000 sq. m. The waters of this inland sea are le salt than those of the ocean. The water has a bitter taste ascribed by some to the great quantities of naphtha with which the surrounding soil abounds, but by others to the presence of Glauber salts, among the sub- stances held in solution. The fish are principally salmon, sturgeons, and sterlets; a kind of herring is also found, and there are porpoises and seals. The C. S. has no tides, but its navigation is dangerous because of violent storms, W. of Columbus. especially from the S.E., by which its waters are some--A township of Rich land co. times driven for many miles over the adjacent plains. -A township of Muskingum co. The depth near the S. end is about 600 ft.; and in some Ca , in Penna . , a twp. of Hunting don co. places near the centre it attains a depth of nearly 3,000 -A township of Schuylkill co. Ca , in Mi ouri , a W. county, bordering on the State of Kansas; area, 750 sq. m. It is intersected by the middle fork of Grand River, and by Big Creek. - DESC, The surface is undulating, diversified with prairies and groves, and the soil is generally good. Cap . Harrison- ville. ing a depth of more than 3 ft. at 100 yards from the shore, and in many places a depth of 12 feet is not reached with in several miles of the beach. On the N.E. and E. it is especially shallow. It receives the waters of a number of large rivers, of which the greatest is the Volga. The Ural, the Tereh, and the Kuralso fall into it. The trade of the sea is entirely in the hands of Ru ia, who has steamers upon it. The C. S., Kaspin Oála a (Herod. Clio, 203), is the oldest name of this water. It was de- rived from the Caspii, a people who inhabited its banks; as the more modern term Hyrcanian Sea, Oúla a ' Yrkania (Strabo, xi. 507), was similarly derived from the more important Hyrcanii, a principal branch of the great Persian family. At the present day it is called More Gualenskoi , by the Ru ians; Kulsum , by the Per- sians; Bahr Kurzum , by the Arabs; Kulzum Denghis , by the Turks; and Akdinghis , by the Tartars. Casque, Cask, ( kask .) [Fr. casque . See CASK.] ( Mil .) A piece of defensive armor for the head; a helmet; a morion. Ca , Lewis, an American statesman, B. at Exeter, New Hampshire, 1782. He was educated for the law, but quitting that profe ion, he entered the army in 1812, and rose rapidly to the rank of general, though his merit was not very conspicuous. In the war between England and the U. States, in 1812, he made an incur- sion into Canada, and was taken prisoner. When peace was concluded, he was appointed governor of Michigan, and organized that vast territory, making treaties with the Indian tribes, by which three millions of acres were added to the State. Under the presidency of Gen. Jack- son, in 1831, he was secretary of war, and four years afterwards he was sent to Paris as envoy-extraordinary. Here he remained seven years, and while engaged in this mi ion, published his Views on the Subject of the Limitation of the Northern Frontiers of the Union , and protested against the adhesion of M. Guizot to the doc- trine of the "right of visit." The treaty concluded in 1842, between England and the U. States, not meeting his approval, he resigned, and returned to America. In the senate he voted for the Fugitive Slave Law, and in 1857 was made secretary of state under President Bu- chan an. D. 1866. Ca , in Arkansas , a post-village of Franklin co., 118 m. N.W. of Little Rock. Ca , (now Bartow,) in Georgia , a N.W. county; area , 714 sq. m., drained by the Etowah River, a branch of the Coosa. Its surface is diversified, and the soil, gen- erally fertile, is in a high state of cultivation. Min . Gold, copper, iron, lead, titanium. and plumbago. Cap . Cartersville. Pop . (1897) abt. 23,500. Ca , in Indiana , a N. central county; area , 420 sq. m. It is drained by the Wabash and Eel rivers. Desc. The Ca , in Texas , a N.E. co., b. on Louisiana and Arkansas; area, 1224 sq. m. It is bounded on the S. by Big Cypre Bayou and Soda Lake, and on the N. by the Sulphur Fork of Red River. The surface is gently undulating, and the bottoms are swampy and mostly uncultivated, while the uplands have a deep red soil. Formerly called DAVIS co. Cap . Linden. Pop . (1890) 22,554. Cas's ada, n. ( Bot . ) See CASSAVA. Cas's ada'ga, in New York , a lake in Chatauqua co., 12 m. N.E. of Mayville; length 4 miles. -A post-village on the E. side of the above lake, 50 m. S. S.W. of Buffalo. Ca an'dra, according to Homeric legend, was daugh- ter of Priam and Hecuba. She was pa ionately loved by Apollo, who promised to grant her whatever she might require, if she would look with favor on his suit. She demanded the power of prophecy, and as soon as she had received it, refused to perform her promise, and slighted Apollo. The god, thus disappointed, wetted her lips with his tongue, and thus no belief was ever placed in her predictions. She endeavored to prevent the entrance into Troy of the wooden horse of the Greeks, but was unsucce ful, and when that city was taken, she suffered violence at the hands of Ajax Oileus. In the division of the spoils of Troy, she fell to the share of Agamemnon, who carried her to Greece. She repeatedly foretold to him the calamities that awaited his return; but he gave no credit to her, and was a a inated by his wife Clytemnestra. Cas sandra shared his fate, after seeing all her prophecies but too truly fulfilled. Ca an'dra, in Georgia , a post-office of Walker co. Ca an'der, the son of Anti pater, took po e ion of the kingly power in Macedonia on the death of his fa- ther. He caused the death of Olympias, the mother of Alexander the Great, and also of his son, the younger Alexander. Joining his forces to those of Seleucus, Ptolemy, and Lysimachus, he defeated An tigon us at the battle of Ipsus, 301 B. c., the latter monarch falling on the field, and the four conquerors dividing between them Alexander's empire into the great kingdoms of Macedonia, Thrace, Egypt, and Syria. Ca a'no, a town of S. Italy, prov. Cosenza, 7 m. E.S.E. of Castrovillari, and 10 from the Gulf of Tarentum. Manf. Leather, linen, silk, macaroni. Pop . 8,937. There are several other places of this name in S. and N. Italy, none of them with a pop . above 3,000. Cas's areep, n. The inspi ated juice of the Ca ava, which forms the basis of the West Indian dish called pepper-pot. Ca Bridge, in Michigan , a post-office of Saginaw co. Cas's el, (anc. Castellum Cattorum ,) a walled city of Ger- many, in Pru ia, prov. Lower He e, of which it is the cap. It is situated on the Fulda, 72 m. S. by W. of Han- over, and 89 N.N.E. of Frankfort-on-the-Main. C. is one of the handsomest towns in Germany, and po e es many fine public buildings. Manf . Cottons, silk and woollen fabrics, leather, hats, carpets porcelain, chem i- cals, . Near it is Wilhelmshöhe, the summer palace of the former electors (sovereign princes) of He e- Ca el; a residence so magnificent, that it has been sometimes called the German Versailles. It was the re- sidence a igned to Napoleon III., after his capitulation at Sedan, 1870. Since 1867, C. has belonged to Pru ia. Pop . (1890) 72,477. Cas's el, a town of France, dep. Nord, 28 m. N.W. of Lille. Manf. Lace, thread, oil, earthenware. Pop ., 4,686. Ca el, in Minnesota , a village of Wright co., on the N. Fork of Crow river, 33 m. W. by N. of Minneapolis. Ca el'la, in Indiana , a village of Lake co. Cas's imere, n . [Fr. ca imir .] A twilled woollen cloth of thin texture, used for men's clothing, more particu-gular river, water-communication is established, through larly for vests or waist-coats. (Generally written kersey- mere in Englani.) Ca in, JOHN, a distinguished American ornithologist, B. near Chester, Penn., 1813. His principal works are: Birds of California and Texas , Synopsis of the Birds of N. America , Ornithology of the Japan Expedition , Orni- thology of Gilli 's Astronomical Expedition to Chili, . Ca ina, ( kas - see'na ,) a town of N. Italy, in Piedmont, 14 m. S.S.W. of A le and ria, on the Bormida; pop . 4,585. Ca ine, ( kas -seen',) n. [Fr.) A small house in the country; -particularly a solitary house where soldiers may make a stand. Ca i'ni, JEAN DOMINIQUE, an eminent astronomer, в. near Nice, 1635. His fame reaching France, he was in- vited to pay a visit to that country, where the kindne shown him by Louis XIV. and his minister Colbert, caused him to remain for the rest of his life. He was the first resident in the Royal Observatory at Paris, in- stituted by the great Colbert; and during forty years his services were such as to do high honor to himself, as well as to the liberal monarch by whom he was patron- ized. Among his numerous discoveries may be men- tioned that of four satellites of Saturn. C. had a son, a grandson, and a great-grandson, who succeeded him as profe ors in the Royal Observatory at Paris. The last D. in 1845. Ca ino, (kas-se'no,) n. [It. casino , a gaming-house.] (Games.) A game at cards that may be played by two, three, or four persons. It is played thus: The dealer and partners are determined by cutting, as at Whist. The dealer gives four cards, one at a time, to each player; and either regularly, as he deals, or by one, two, three, or four at a time, lays four more, face upwards, upon the board, and, after the first cards are played, four others are to be dealt to each person, until the pack be concluded; but it is only in the first deal that any cards are to be turned up. The deal is lost, if, in the first round, before any of the cards are turned up on the table, a card is faced by the dealer; but if a card happen to be faced in the pack before any of the said four be turned up, then the deal must be begun again. Each person plays one card at a time, with which he may not only take at once every card of the same denomination upon the table, but likewise all that will combine therewith; as, for instance, a ten takes not only every ten, but also nine and ace, eight and deuce, seven and three, six and four, or two fives; and if he clear the board before the conclusion of the game, he scores a point. Whenever a player cannot pair or combine, he puts down a card. The number of tricks must not be examined or counted before all the cards are played; nor may any trick but that last won be looked at, as every mistake must be challenged immediately. After all the pack is dealt out, the player who obtains the last trick sweeps all the cards then remaining unmatched on the table. It some- times happens that the points are not set up, and that neither player gains anything in the deal; but the smaller number is subtracted from the larger, both in cards and points, and if they both prove equal, the game is re-commenced, the deal being taken in rotation. When three persons play, the two lowest add their points together, and subtract from the highest; but if their two numbers added together amount to or exceed that of the third player, then neither scores. The following terms are used in the game: Great Ca ino, the ten of diamonds, containing two point; Little Ca ino , the two of spades, also reckoning one point; the cards , when a person has a greater share than his adversary, three points; the spades , when one has the majority of that suit, one point; the aces - each of which stands for one point; and Lurched -when a player's opponent has won the game before he has gained siz points. Cas's in Pa's ha, a suburb of Constantinople, sep a- rated from Galata by burying-grounds. In it are the im- perial dockyard, the naval arsenal, and the palace of the capitan-pasha. Ca iodorus, or Ca iodoʻrius, MAGNUS AURE- LIUS, a Latin writer, B. at Scylaceum, in Calabria, about 468 A. D. He was appointed by Theodoric, king of the Goths, governor of Sicily, filled afterwards some of the highest offices in Rome, and finally retired to a monas- tery in Calabria. He is celebrated as grammarian, chronologist, and historian. D. about 577. Ca iope'a, or CASSIOPE, mother of ANDROMEDA, q. v. Ca iopeia, (kas-se-o-pe'e-d.) ( Astron .) A cons tell a- tion in the northern hemisphere, near Cepheus, and not far from the N. Pole. It is marked by five stars of the 3d magnitude, forming a figure like an M. A line from Capilla to the bright star in Cygnus pa es nearly through the middle of this M. C., according to Flam- steed, contains 55 stars, all of small magnitude. The figure is that of a woman sitting in a chair, with a branch in her hand. In the year 1572, there all at once ap- peared in C. a new star. It was first noticed by Tycho Brahé on the 11th November, when its lustre exceeded that of all the fixed stars, and nearly equalled that of Venus. The star gradually diminished in lustre, from the time of its being observed until, in March, 1574, it disappeared. Tycho Brahé supposed that it had previously appeared in 945 and 1264. It failed to re- appear in 1872, as predicted by Herschel. Ca iquiari, or CASSIQUIARE, ( kas'se -ke'a-re,) a river of Venezuela, forming the S. bifurcation of the Orinoco, which it leaves in Lat. 3° 10' N., Lon. 66° 20′ W., and after a rapid S.W. course of about 130 miles, joins the Rio Negro in Lat. 2° 5' N., Lon. 67° 40 W. About 100 yards in breadth when it i ues from the Orinoco, it gradually increases until at its union with the Rio Ne Cas's is, n. [Lat., a helmet.] ( Zool .) In the system of Lamarck, a genus of Gastropodous Molluscs, separated from the Linnæan genus Buccinum , and including the species of which the shells are commonly called helmets. ( Bot .) The black currant. See RIBES. -A French liquor prepared from black currants. Cas's is, a sea-port town of France, dep. Bouches-da- Rhone, 10 m. S.E. of Marseilles. Only small ve els can enter the harbor. Pop . 2,238. Ca it'erite, n. [Gr. ka iteros, tin.] ( Min .) Native peroxide of tin; composed, when pure, of 21-62 per cent. of oxygen and 78-38 tin. It occurs ma ive ( Tin -stone), di eminated, fibrous ( Wood - tin ), in rolled pieces and in grains as sand ( Stream - tin ), and crystallized in quadran- gular prisms terminated by four-sided pyramids, and in many complex forms; sometimes in twin crystals. The color is of all shades between light brown and black, but it sometimes has a greenish tint, and is at others colorle . - See TIN. Cas's ius, LONG IN US CAIUS, a Roman general, and one of Cæsar's a a ins. During the civil wars between Pompey and Cæsar, he followed the fortunes of the former. He was taken prisoner by Cæsar, who pardoned him. In 44 B. c., through the influence of Cæsar, he was made Prætor Peregrin us, and was promised the governorship of Syria in the following year. But his mean and jealous spirit could not endure the burden of gratitude, and he resolved to be released by the murder of his benefactor. Having attached to himself the mu- tin ous spirits among the subjugated aristocracy, and also won over M. Brutus, the pseudo-patriotic conspiracy was soon matured, and on the 15th of March, 44 B. c., Cæsar fell by the daggers of a a ins. The result of this bloody deed was not what C. had expected. The popular feel- ing-as witne ed by the riots that broke out at Cæsar's funeral - was strongly against the murderers; and the military power fell into the hands of Mark Antony. С. therefore fled to the east, and made himself master of Syria. Afterwards he united his forces with those of Brutus, and having greedily plundered Asia Minor, they cro ed the Hellespont in the beginning of 42 B. C., marched through Thrace, and took up a superior pos i- tion near Philippi, in Macedonia. Here they were at tacked by Antony and Octavus. The division com- manded by C. was totally routed, although, on the other hand, Brutus succeeded in repulsing the troops of Octa- vus. C. supposing that all was lost, compelled his freedman, Pindarus, to put him to death, 42 в. с. Ca ius, (PURPLE OF.) See PURPLE. Ca Lake, in Michigan , a small lake near the central part of Oakland co. Ca ock, (kas's ok,) n. [Sp. casaca; Fr. casaque; It. casacca, from casa , a house.) ( Eccl .) A close garment resembling a long frock-coat, worn by clergymen under the surplice or gown. In the Church of Rome, they vary in color with the dignity of the wearer; those of priests being black, bishops purple, cardinals scarlet, and popes white. Ca ocked, ( kas's okt ,) a. Attired with a ca ock. Cas's olette, n. [Fr.) A small box in gla , ivory, or precious metals, containing perfumes, with a capillary hole, to allow the odor to escape. Ca onade', n. [Fr.) Raw sugar; sugar not refined. Ca op'olis, in Michigan , a village, cap. of Ca co., on N. shore of Stone Lake, 130 m. S.W. of Lansing. Cas's owary, n. [Malay, ca uwaris .] (Zool.) The Casuarius gale at us (see Fig. 415), a large bird, native of the Indian archipelago. In shape, size, and appearance this bird strongly resembles the ostrich, though not actually so large, its legs being thicker and stronger than those of that bird; its feathers have the peculiarity of looking like hair, and seem not unlike camel's hair, both in length of filament and softne of texture. The ca owary is so swift, appearing to skim along the ground, that the fleetest racer is distanced by its wonderful speed. Two species only are known of this bird, one common to Australia, and the other to the adjacent islands of the Indian Ocean. Ca River, in Michigan , rises in the E. part of the State, and flowing nearly W., falls into the Saginaw, above Saginaw City. Ca 'town, in Ohio , a post-village of Miami co., 6 m. E. by N. from Troy. Ca 'town, in Tenne ee, a village of White co. Ca 'ville, in Arkansas , a post-office of Newton co. Ca ville, in Georgia , the former capital of Bartow co., 150 m. N.W. of Milledgeville. Ca ville, in Indiana , a village of Howard co., 5 m. N. of Kokomo. Ca ville, in New Jersey, a post-office of Ocean co. Ca ville, in New York , a post-village of Oneida co., on Sanquoit Creek, 86 m. N.N.W. of Albany. Ca ville, in Ohio , a post-office of Harrison co. Ca ville, in Pennsylvania , a post-village of Hunting- don co., 90 m. W. of Harris burg. Ca ville, in W. Va ., a post-office of Mon on gal i a co. Ca ville, in Wisconsin , a village and twp. of Grant co., on Mi i ippi River, 28 m. from Dubuque. Ca ville, in W. Virginia , a village of Wayne co., on the Big Sandy River, 20 m. S. of Ceredo. Ca yta'ceæ, n . pl . ( Bot . ) The Dodder-Laurel, an order of plants, alliance Daphnales . There is only one ge- nus, Ca ytha, which includes nine species, natives of tropical regions, and distinguished from the Lauracea only by their parasitical habits, their scaly, modified leaves, and by the fruit being inclosed in a succulent calyx.