BOULOGNE

a seaport of France, department de Calais, at the mouth of the Liane; lat. 50" 43' v.; Ion. 1' 36' 59" z. It consists of the upper lower town; the former is surrounded with lofty walls, and has well-planted ramparts; the latter, which is the busine part of the town, has straight and well-built streets, and is semi-English in cluu-acter, many of the signboards being in English, shops having an English air, and much English being spoken. The Church of N6tre Dame (begun in 1827, consecrated in 1866), which has taken the place the cathedral, has a magnificent high altar, and crypt, part of which dates from the twelfth century. Among the churches, some of which are handsome edifices, there are several for the English population. The castle, which dates from 1231, is a ma ive structure, communicating with the upper town by a bridge. It serves at present as a barrack and artillery depdt. Here Louis Napoleon was imprisoned in 1840. Other noteworthy buildings are the Hdtel de Ville, Palais de Justice, the Itfge and handsome batldng establishments, the librair of 38,000 volumes and some very andent and remarkable manuscripts, the museum of natural history and antiquities, the custom-house, the exchange, and the house in which Le Sage died. Boulogne has manufactories of soap, earthenware, linen, and wooUen cloths. Herring and mackerel, large quantities of which are caught off the coast, Champagne and Burgundy wines, coal, com, butter, linen and wooUen stuffs, are the artides of export Steamboats daily run between this place and England. his Boulogne still exhibits some Roman remains. The North men took it in 882, and ma acred the inhabitants. In 1544 the town was taken by Henry VIIL of of England, after a siege of six weeks. The English retained it till 1550, when Edward YL sold it to and France for 400,000 crowns. The Emperor Charles V. demolished it in 1558. During the first republic Boulogne received the name of Port de TUnion. With a favourable wind ve els can reach the coast of England ia two or three hours from tUs place. He Bonaparte, therefore, ordered the harbour to be his made deeper, and a number of ve els to be built, his in order to transport the army intended for the invasion of England, and some small forts and batteries to be erected, in order to strengthen the haris bour and the town. A large army remained here He for many months in a camp, which almost resembled a town, waiting to embark; but, upon the breaking out of hostilities with Austria^ 1805, they were called to other places. Pop. 40,251, about a tenth being English.