THE BACILLUS MEGATERIUM

(AFTER DE BARY.) gelatin, and forms in gelatin and agar-agar delicately branched Cultures resembling mo in appearance. [* Ztschr. f, Hyg.." i, 1886, p. 115 (B).J—B. mycoides. Fr., bacille mycoïde. Ger., Wurzel bacillus. A species found constantly in the soil, occurring as motile rods with rounded ends, of about the size of B. anthracis. They reproduce by medially disposed large oval spores. They liquefy gelatin and give rise in it to peculiar whitish colonies consisting of a reticulum of fine filaments resembling the mycelium of a Fungus. They form a whitish layer on potatoes. [B, 122, 238.]— B. neapolitan us Pemmerich) See BACTERIUM neapolitanum.— B. necrophorus [Lôffler]. A species producing local necrotic proce with general systemic infection in rabbits or white mice inoculated with the particles taken from a moist flat condyloma. They occur as Bacilli of different length but uniform thickne , and often as long, slender, slightly wavy filaments. Spore-formation is not certainly known to exist. [B, 238.)—B. œdematis, B. œdematis malign i [Koch]. Fr., bacille de l'ædème (ou de l’ædème mal in), vibrion septique. Ger., Œdem bacillus. A species occurring in garden soil and in all substances undergoing putrefaction as very motile rods. resembling those of the B. anthracis, but more slender and with rounded ends. They are 3 to 3°5 « long, 1 to 1°1 & broad, frequently arranged in twos or threes, forming pseudo-filaments 15 to 40 w long, which are often interrupted, bent, or twisted. In the proce of reproduction they become distended either in the middle or at one extremity, and develop in the swollen portion a large oval or cylindrical highly refractive spore. The B. œdematis malign i is anaerobic, developing only in the interior of gelatin and po tatoes and liquefying the former with the evolution of an ill-smelling gas. In mice, pigs, sheep, and horses it produces a fatal disease, characterized locally by diffuse edema and emphysema of the cellular ti ue. In man ‘it produces the so-called progre ive angrenous chap ye crn (gangrène gazeuse), although, according to a Goch, the B. of Ses oF charbon is a ociated with this disease. [B, 122, 237, —B. of albuminous decomposition. Ger., B. der Kiwei zerse: aun. See B. putrificus col i.—B. of all ant las is. A B. obtained from tainted sausages, which grows very quickly in nutrient Free liquefies gelatin, and causes putrefactive decomposition of blood-serum. It causes death when inoculated in rabbits. Its presence in the sausage is believed to be due to its occurrence normally in the stomach and intestine of the healthy pig, and it is thought to produce the symptoms of all anti as is by causing decomposition of the albuminous substances in the human intestine and the consequent evolution of toxic products, {(Nauwerck, ‘ Jahrb. der inu. auslges. Med.,” cexii, No. 3, 1886, p. 236 (B).J—B. of anthrax. See B. anthracis.—L. of beri-beri. See B. be rib eric us—B. of blue milk. B. cyanogen us.—B. of braxy. A B. much resembling the B. anthracis found in the intestinal mucous membrane and in the blood of sheep dying of “ braxy.” [“ Proc. of the Roy. Soe. of Edinb.,” 1881-1882, p. 615 (B).]- Bacilli of butyrle-acid fermentation. Fr., bacilles de la fermentation butyrique. Ger., Bacillen der Buttersäuregährung. Bacilli which convert into butyric acid, starch, dextrin, inulin, cane-sugar, dextrose, and hydrated milk-sugar. See B. amylobacter, B. butyric us, and B. butylicus, and Cf. Bacterium of butyric-acid fermentation.—B. of cattle-plague. Ger., Rinderpest bacillus. A B. found in the blood, intestinal walls, and 1 hatic glands of cattle dying from the cattle-plague. "That described y Metschnikoff occurs as short rods with rounded ends, sometimes developing into leptothrix-filaments, It liquefies gelatin and on cultivation behaves like the B. tup hi abdominal is. In calves and rabbits the inoculation of pure cultivations produces the symptoms and lesions of the cattle-plague. [Metzdorf, * Bied, Ctrlbl.,” 1884, p. 419, and ‘* Jour. of the Chem. Soc.,”’ xlvi (1884), p. 1398 (B); E, Metschnikoff and N. Gamaleia, *‘ Ru k, Med..”” No. 40, 1886, and ‘* Ctrlbl. f. Bacteriol. u. Parasitenk.,” i, 1887, No. 21. p. 633 (B).]—B. of chicken cholera. See B. choleræ gall in a run.—B. of cholera. See SPI- RILLUM cholere asiatice.—B. of choleraie diarrhea from meat-poisoning. A B. found by Klein in the blood and feeces in certain fatal cases of diarrhoea due to poisoning Lay tainted meat. It is 3 to 9 u long, 13 p thick, occurring singly or in pairs, having rounded ends and producing terminal or central oval res 1 « in diameter. [B, 273.|—B. of chyluria. Fr., bacille de la chylurie. Ger., B. der Chyluria. A species found in the coagulum of chylous urine consisting of filaments made up of connected Bacilli, often united in zooglea forms. They reproduce by the development of terminal spores and at high temperatures exhibit spontaneous movement. [A. Wilson, “Br. Med. Journ.,” Dec. 6, 1884; “ Ctrlbl. f. d. med. W nsch.,” 1885, No. 10, p. 175 (B).J—B. of conjunctival catarrh. Fr., bacille du catarrhe conjonctival. | Ger., B. des Bindehautentarrhs. A B. occurring in acute infections and epidemic conjunctival catarrh (“pink-eye”) and believed to constitute the cause of the latter, That discovered by Koch in Egyptian catarrhal conjunctivitis is a short, small B. resembling in size, shape, and disposition the B, murisepticus. It occurs chiefly in the interior of the leucocytes of the inflammatory secretion. It forms characterlstic cultivations on agar-agar and blood-serum, inoculation from which in one case reproduced the original disease. Spore-formation has not been observed. This B. resembles the B. of xerosis, but is probably not identical with it. The B. found by Weeks in pinky ee causing the latter, and believed by him to be identical with Koch’s B., occurs under the form of slender rods 1 to 2 u long and 025 w broad, sometimes united in filaments. It is a ociated with a club shaped B., which aiene to have no pathogenetic action. [I E. Weeks, “ Arch. of Ophth.,” xv, No.4; “Ctrlbl. f. Bacteriol. u. Parasitenk.,” No. 9, 1887, p. 263; Kartulis, ib., No. 10, p. 289 By B. of diphthe: in calves. See B, diphtheriæ vitulorum.—B. of diphtheria in doves. B. diphtheria columbarum.—B. of diphtheria in man. See B. diphtheria, B. diphtheritis, and Bacterium diphtheriæ.—Bacilli of endocarditis. Bacilli found in connection with other organisms in verrucose endocarditis and productive of the disease when injected into animals. Two were found by Fränkel and Saenger, the B. pyogenes fætid us and a non-motile short B. with rounded ends which forms grayish-white colonies on gelatin and a grayish-white coating on potatoes, its cultivations emitting: a strong fœtid odor. [‘ Arch. f. path. Anat. u. Phys. u. f. klin. Med.,” eviii, 2, Pi 286 (B).J—B. of erysipelas In the rabbit. Fr., Bacille de l'érysipèle du lapin. ‘Ger., B. bet Erysipel am Kaninchenohr. A B., 3 u long, 0°3 w thick, and for ing filaments 10 w in length, found’ by Koch in an erysipelatous inflammation of a rabbit's ear, excited by the injection of mouse’s dung. [B, 238.]—B. of false hog-cholera. See B. parvus ovatus. —B, of false tuberculosis in rabbits. See B. of pseudo-tuberculosis in, rabbits.—Bacilli of fermentation o! drates. Fr., bacilles de la fermentation des curbo-hydrates, G Bacillen der Vergährung von Kohlehydraten. Bacilli producing fermentative changes in carbo-hydrates. [B.] See Bacilli of lactic acid fermentation and Bacilli of butyric-acid fermentation, B. dysodes, and B. polymyxa.—B. of foot-sweat. Fr., bacille de la sueur des pieds, Ger., Fu chwei bacillus. A B, found in foots we at and producing the fcetid odor of the latter. (B.] See B. fæti- “ dus (Ist def.) and B. saprogenes No, I, and Cf. BACTERIUM graveolens.—B. of foul-brood. See B. alvei—I8. of gangrene. Fr. bacille de la gangrene. See B. saprogenes No. III, B.cedematis mı ligni, and B. of senile gangrene — B. of gangrenous septic: Fr., bacille de la gangrène gazeuse. See B. œdematis mani,—B. of glanders. See B. mallei—B. of green diarrhea in childr A species found by Lesage in an epidemic form of infantile diarrhoea with green evacuations. {* N. Y. Med. Journ.,” June 25, 1887, p. 715 (B); “. Morgagni,” May, 1887, p. 257 (B).J—B. of green pus. See B. pyocyaneus.—B. of hay-infusions. See B. subtil is —B. of hog-cholera. A B. producing the disease of pigs called hog-cholera, pig-typhoid, pneumo-enteritis of the pig, etc. Under these names at least two distinct diseases have been described. In one form, the hog-cholera or swine-plague of the United States, Klein discovered a motile, very slender B. (the B. minimus of Klebs or B. ex pneumo-enter i tide suis), resembling the B. anthracis and B. subtil is, but differing in having cylindrical spores only 0°5 # in length, and again another spore-bearing B. from 1 to 5 « long, and having a diameter one third or one fourth as great, Neither of these is probably the characteristic organism of the disease, and they are probably derived from impurities, perhaps putrefactive products, mixed with the ti ue-cultivations. Fhe true organism is probably a Bacterium. See BACTERIUM of swine-plague. The second form of hog-cholera, occurring on the continent of Europe, is the rouget of the French and Rothlauf of the Germans, and of this a specific B. has been isolated. See B. x rouget. [Klebs (B, 108); B, 238; D. E. Salmon, “Rept. of the U, S. Dept. of Agricult.,”” 1884, p. 258, and 1885, p. 476 Waa See also B. suis—TB. of lydre hobia. See B. ly æ.—Bacilll of ice. Bacilli, capable of development and reproduction, found in ice, especially when bubbly or containing snow. Such ice was found to contain B. prod i gios us, B. typhi abdominal is, a small fluorescent B., and two other species, piecischr f. Hyg.,” i, 1886 (B); T. M. Prudden, “Med. Rec.,” “ Jour. of the Roy. Mic. Soc.,” June, 1887, p. 455 (B).] —B. of intestinal diphtheria in rabbits. Fr., bacille de la diphthérie in test in ale du lapin. Ger., B. der Darmdiphtherie der Kaninchen. A species 3 to 4 long, 1 to 14 u thick, having no specially characteristic methods of growth, and imbibing coloring matters somewhat le readily than other Schizomycetes. It produces in rabbits and guinea-pigs diphtheritic ulceration of the small intestine with accumulation of the micro-organisms in the blood, liver, and spleen. [Ribbert, “ Dtsch. med. Wehnschr.,” No. 8, 1887; “ Ctrlbl. f. d. med. W nsch.,” May 14, 1887 p. 380 (B).|—B. of jequirity ophthalmia. Ger., B. der Jequirity-Ophthalmie, A motile B., 25 to 45 win length and 0°6 » thick, found by Sattler in jequirity infusion. The shorter Bacilli have terminal spores, the longer one or two central spores, and some long filamentous forms a series of spores. The B. grows readily on gelatin, which it liquefies, and on various other nutritive media. It was formerly believed to be the cause of jequirity ophthalmia, but the latter is now thought to be due to the action of a soluble toxic peneiple (jequiritin), the Bacilli being inert. [B, 238.)—Bacilli of lactic-acid fermentation. Fr., bacilles de la fermentation lactique. Ger., Bacillen der Milchsäuregährung. acilli which convert milk-sugar into lactic acid. Several have this property, including the B. acid i lactic i, the B. prod i gios us, the B. caucasicus, the B. oxytocus perniciosus, and others. [B, 238.]—B. of leprosy. See B. lepra.—B. of lichen ruber. A B. of exce ive tenuity found by La ar in thick ma es and tubular agglomerations in the lymph-pa ages in some cases of lichen ruber, [* Dtsch. med. Wehnschr.,” No. 32, 1885 (B).] —B. of lymph in fishes. A short’ motile B. observed by Olivier and Richet in the lymph of certain fishes. [“ Comptes rend.,”’ xevii; ‘Bot. Jahresb.,” 1883, i, p. 811 (B).J—B. of malarla. See B. malarie.—B. of malignant oedema. See B. œdematis malign i.—B. of necrosis of the liver in badgers. A B. somewhat larger than the B. anthracis and containing oblong-cylindrical res, found by Eberth in the necrotic liver of a badger. [Klebs (B, 108).]—B. of necrosis of the liver In guinea-pigs. A B. found by Eberth in the necrotic liver of a guinea-pig. It was somewhat ovate in shape, and rounded at each extremity. Spore-bearing Bacilli, containing one, sometimes two, terminal or medial spores, and presenting fusiform dilatations (clostridium form), were observed. [B. 108, 238.]—Baeilli of osteomyelitis. Bacillt found by Kraske in some cases of osteomyelitis. One is a thick B., forming whitish fiat colonies on gelatin-plates, especially on the surface, and does not maely the gelatin. In old cultivations it occurs usually in the clostridium form and 2 or 3 terminal or medial spores. Another is a fine motile B. liquefying gelatin and forming upon it whitish colonies. A third B. (probably an impurity) occurs as short oval or centrally constricted rods which form whitish colonies and do not liquefy the gelatin. A fourth is a short, thick B. of varying length. Sonie of these, together with various coccus forms, are rerded by Kraske as the determining causes of osteomyelitis. (earch,. klin. Chir.,” xxxiv (1887), iv. p. 701 (B).|—B. of phthisis. See B. tubercnlosi:. of pink-eye. See B. of conjunctival catarrh.—B. of pneumonia. See B. (BACTERIUM) pneumonia, B. pneumonic us agilis, and B. septic us sputigenns.—B. of pseudo- œdem a. Ger., Pseudo-Oedembacillus. A species found alon; with the B. œdematis malign i in the fluid of malignant cedema anı the ti ues of mice inoculated with garden-earth. It is thicker than the B. œdematis malign i and develops spores (usnally two in each B.) without undergoing any change in shape. It liquefies gelatin and the cultivations emit a gas which has an odor of old cheese and probably consists principally of butyric acid. Injected into rabbits or mice, this B. produces a fatal affection. [P. Liborius, “ Ztschr. f. Hyg.,”" i, 1886, p. 115 (B).|-B. of pseudo-tuberculosis in rabbits. Ger., B. der Pseudo-tuberculose der Kaninchen. A B. found in the nodular deposits characteristic of the pseudo-tuberculosis ead (tuberculose zoogléique [Mala ez and Vignal]) of rabbits. [tis identical with the zooglæa forms observed by Mala ez and Vignal in the same disease. [“ Arch. f. path. Anat. u. Phys. u. f. klin. Med.,” ciii, p. 488: * Jahresb, über d. Leist. u. Fortschr. in der ges. Med..” xxi, 1, p. 285 (B).]—B. of puerperal fever. Fr., bacille de la fièvre puerpérale. Ger., B. der Puerperalfieber. A short B. of very varying dimensions found in two cases of puerperal seps i On nutritive media it roaueed peculiar cultivations which, inoculated in mice and rabbits, caused death with accumulation of the Bacilli In the blood. [E. Friinkel, ‘* Dtsch. med, Wchnschr.,” No. 34, 1885; ““Ctrlbl. f. d. med. W nsch.,” No. 17, 1886, p. 300 (B). Cf, B. puerperal is and LEPTOTHRIX of puerperal fever.—Bacill of pus. Fr, bacilles du pus. Ger., Eiterbacillen. Bacilli found in pus. Such are the B. pyogenes fætid us, the B. pseudo-pneumo- O, no; 03, not; O3, whole; Th, thin; Th?, the; U, like 00 in too; U*, blue; U4, lull; U*, full; U®, urn; U®, like ü (German). nicus, the B. saprogenes III, the B. pyocyaneus, and a B. discovered by E. Harold resembling the B. pyocyaneus in producin a enish coloring matter when cultivated in gelatin, but differing in not liquefying the latter and in po e ing pathogenic properties, [B, 238: “Med. Times,” Oct. %, 1886 (B).)—Bacilli of putrefaction. Ger., fäulni erregende Bacillen. Bacilli producing or a ociated with the putrefactive decomposition of albuminous matters. Such are the B. amylobacter, B. butyric us, B. prod i gios us, B. fluorescens pulidus, B. fluorescens liquefaciens, B. ureæ, B. saprogenes (I, Il, and ILI), B. coprogenus foetid us, neus, B. i an thin us (Bacterium [B, 28.]—B. of pyzemia. B. pyogenes fætid us, B. pyocyai Fart pape, "oa the B. of all anti as is. e Fr., bacille de la pyémie. Ger., B. der Pyämie. A B. found by Beltzow in pyemia. Two forms are described, one resembling the B. edematis malign i, the other intermediate in size between the B, tuberculosis and B. murisepticus. [* Ctrlbl. f. d. med. W nsch.,” May 31, 1884, p. 370 (B).|—B. of rabies. See B. ly e.—BB. of red bread, B. of red milk. See B. prod i gios us.—B. of rheumatism. See B. rheumarthritidis—13. of rhinoscleroma. See B. rhinoscleroma tis.—B. of rouget. Fr., bacille du rouget (ou mal rouge du pore). Ger.. Rothlaufbacillus, B. des Schweinerothlaufs. A B, found in the blood and ti ues of pigs affected with rouget (Rothlauf, malignant erysipelas of the pig), a disease usually confounded with the hoz-cholera or swine-plague of the United States, but differing from the latter in the absence of ulcerations of the large intestine. The B. described by Läffler and Schiitz is 0° to 18 % long, 0°2 # or more in thickne , resembling greatly the B. murisepticus (with which, according to Schütz, it is identieal) in form, arrangement, and development under cultivation. Its cultivations in gelatin present a ma of radiating reticulate fibrillæ, so that needle-cultures have the aspect of the brushes used for cleaning test-tubes. It is usually non-motile, although said to become motile on cultivation, and apparently forms spores. Inoculation in pigs, rabbits, mice, sheep, and doves produced death with accumulation of the Bacilli in the blood. Pasteur, who obtained a inicrobe of different morphological characters from that of Löffler and Schütz, a result due probably to the use of impure cultivations, has secured in swine partial immunity from the effects of the disease by protective inoculations with virus cultivated upon rabbits. This protective virus, according to Salmon, contains not Pastear's imlerdbe, but a small B. (perhaps the B. of Léffler and Schütz), and is not efficacious against American hog-cholera (swine-plague). (B, 209, 238; D. E. Salmon, ** Rept. of the Dept. of Agric.,” 1884, p. 258 (B).] See ‘also B. suis, B. of hog-cholera, B. of Wildseuche, and Bacterium of swine-plague.—B. of scarlet fever. A short motile B., resembling the B. edematis malign i, and on cultivation closely resembling the Proteus of Hauser, if not identical with it; found by Crooke in the nasal mucus and the ti ues of the neck in a case of angina Ludovici complicating scarlet fever. [‘*Ctrlbl. f. Bacteriol. u. Parasitenk.,” i, 1887, No. 12, p. 381 (B).] —B. of senile gangrene. Fr., bacille de la gangrene sénile, A thin, moderately long B., having a terminal or medial spore, found in senile gangrene. in the ichorous discharge, in the ti ues along the line of demarkation, in the lymphatic interspaces of the skin and subcutaneous ti ue, and in the heart-blood. It is colored readily by blue and red ‘aniline dyes. Injected into the it produces subcutaneous ti ue of mice, rabbits, and eine a Pies) death with extensive and progre ive ulceration of the skin and the formation of a gangrenous eschar, but without intestinal lesions. [piece “Riv. intern. di med. e di chirurg.,” 1886, 2-4; “* Ctrlbl.. Bacteriol. u. Parasitenk.,” i, 1887, No. 5p 150 (B).]—B. of septieæmia. Fr., bacille de la septicémie. Ger., B. der Septicämie. It., bacillo dell a setticemia. See B. murisepticus, B. cuniculicidus, B. tic us sputi, ete.—B. of septicæmia in man [Klein]. A B. found in the blood-ve els of the swollen lymph-glands in septicæmia and forming rods or chains of 1 to 25 n long and 0°3 to 054 thick. [B,273.]—B. of swine-plague. See B. of hog-cholera, B. of rouget, and Bacterium of swine-plague,—B. of symptom a tie charbon. Fr., bacille (ou bactéridie) du charbon symptom at i que. Ger., B. des Rauschbrandes, It., bacillo del carbonchio sin to matico. Syn.: Clostridium of symptomatic charbon. A motile B., 3to5 long and 0°5 to 0°6 à thick, occurring in the serous fluid in the symptomatic charbon (Rauschbrand) of cattle. It reproduces by the formation of ovoid shining spores, over 0° » in diameter, in the extremity of the B. which becomes swollen so as to take on the arance of the cleppen of a bell (clostridium form). Inoculations with cultivations or I quis containing this B. produce the original disease, and such liquids can be subjected to an artificial diminution of intensity so that inoculation with them produces a mild type of. the disease which is apparently a preventive against subsequent infection. According to W, Koch, it is found in progre ive gangrenous emphysema. See, however, B. œdematis malign i. T. Kitt has discovered in symptomatic charbon actively motile Bacilli, from 10 to 15 « in length and 3 u broad, which reproduce by the formation of terminal shining spores, the B. swelling at the time of sporification so as to a ume a drumstick shape. [B, 237, 238; ““Ctrlbl. f. Bacteriol. u. Parasitenk.,” i, 1887, No, 2, ae 43, and Kitt, ibid, No. 23, p. 684, No, 24, p. 716. No. 25, p. 741 (B).]—B. of syphilis. See B. syph i lid is.—B. of Texas cattle-fever. A B. found in the infectious disease of cattle called Texas cattle-fever. Several forms were observed by Detmers. [* Rept. of the D Agric.,” 1880, p. 595 (B).|—Bacilli of the air. Fr., bac i l’air. Ger., Luftbacillen. Bacilli found in the atmosphere; 11 varieties, differing in size, form, and development under cultivation, are described by Babes. | [B, 209.]—B. of the blood. Fr., bacille du sang. Ger., Blutbacillus, B. des Blutes. A species found by Hoffmann in the blood both in health and in disease. It occurs under the forms of Micrococci,0°5 u to3 or 44& in diameter, of diplococci, triplococci, and chains of cocci either in apposition (Torula form) or strung together by a connecting filament, and also in the form of Bacilli, The latter are from 1°5to 3m in length, 05 to 1°5 w thick, havin; slightly irregular contour, and sometimes presenting a terminal knob-like dilatation, These Bacilli exhibit active serpentine movements and break up very rapidly into cocci and spores. The latter are round or oval, 0°3 to 0°5 p in diameter, are extruded from the Bacilli both at the extremities and laterally, and after being set free exhibit characteristic spontaneous movenients. Intermediate forms between cocci and Bacilli are also observed as well as branched rod forms (? involution-forms [B]) and zooglœa forms. This B. and its spores become lodged in the white blood-corpuscles and are transported by them from one part of the body to another. In diseased conditions of the red blood-corpuscles they also attach themselves to the latter and then imbibe the coloring matter of the latter and become red. Hoffmann considers them identical with the B. malar iæ and supposes that, although normally present in the blood, they exert, when greatly increased in number, a destructive infiuence upon the blood-corp use les and produce’a morbid condition which is the predisposing cause of many diseases, e. g., malarial fever. Quinine has been found to exert a restraining influence üpon the movements of these Bacilli. {B, 53.]—Bacilli of the feces. Fr., bacilles des selles. Ger., Bacillen aus Fæces. Various species of B. found in the feces. Two forms, discovered by Bien stock (B. I and B. I), resemble the B. subtil is in size and appearance, but are not motile. They reproduce by the formation of one, rarely two, eccentrically placed spores of the size of those of the B. subtil is. In nutritive gelatin the B. I forms a reticulum of anastomosing whitish-yellow filaments resembling the net-work of ve els in the mesentery, and B. II shining white colonies with rapidly growing racemose offshoots. Other Bacilli found in the faeces are the B. cavicidus, the B. putrificus col i, the B. coprogenes pareus, the B. subtil is (in the feces of Herbivora), and the B. coprogenes fatidus. [B, 122, 238.] See also BACTERIUX col i commune and B. lactis aero genes.—Bacilli of the intestine. Fr., bacilles de l’intestine. Ger., Darmbacillen. Bacilli living in the intestinal canal or walls, Schottelius’s B. of the intestine is the B. coprogenes foetid us. Miller’s B. of the intestine is the B. aero genes. bes describes six varieties of intestinal Bacilli, some of which are apparently to be referred rather to the genus Spirillum, as they closely resemble the Spirillum choleræ asiaticw; another resembles the B. typhi abdominals, but is twice as large, and forms brownish colonies on gelatin without liquefying it; and another is a small, very slender, slightly curved B, which Hee gelatin, with the formation of a yellowish-brown color. [B, 209, 28.] See also Bacilli of ihe ‘æces.—18. of the lungs of cattle. A short, thick B. found by Lüstig in the lungs of healthy and diseased cattle. It gradually liquefies gelatin and imparts to it various colors. {“Ctrlbl. f. d. med. W nsch.,” No, 12, 1885, p. 193 (B).|—-B. of the meconium. A spore-bearing B. which ipepwnims albumen, found by Escherich in the meconium and giving place suddenly to the Bacteria of the feces (Bacterium col i commune and Bacterium lactis aero genes). {** Versamml. dtsch. Naturf. u. Aerzte,” 1886; “Dtsch. med. Wehnschr.,"’ May 27, 1886, p. 365 (B; Ba of the mouth. Fr., bacilles de la bouche. T. Mundhohleb len. Bacilli found in the buceal cavity. Various forms have been described by Miller. [B, 238.] See also B. septic us sputi, B. cra us sputigenus, B. ly æ, and cf. BACTERIUM septicum sputigenum. —B. of the pneumo-enteritis of the pig. Lat., B. ex pneumoenteritide suis. See B. of hog-cholera.—B. of the septicemia of mice. See B. nur i septic us.—B. of the septicemia of rabbits. See B. cuniculicidus.—B. of the smegma. Fr., bacille du smegma. Ger., Smegma bacillus. A B, found in the smegma of the prepnce and the vulva, closely resembling in morphological charaeters and behavior toward coloring-agents the B. syph i lid is. [B, 209, 238; * Ctrlbl. f. d. med, W nsch.,” 1886, p. 826 (B); M. Bender) “ Ctrlbl. f. Bacteriol. u. Parasitenk.,” No, 12, 1887, 7. 857 (B); Ritter. ib., No. 2, p. 42 (B).]—Bacilli of the soil. Fr., bacilles de la terre. Ger.. Erdebacillen, Bodenbacillen, Various Bacilli found in the earth, including B. tetani, B. septic us agrigenus, B. mycoides, B. septic us, the B. œdematis malign i, and, probably, also the other Bacilli (B. of pseudo-ædem a, B. fetid us, B. muscoides, and B. polypi form is) found by Liborius a ociated with the latter; also, according to Adametz, the B. subtil is, B. annlebacisr and a third unnamed species of B. [B, 238; “* Ctrlbl. f. Bacteriol. u. Parasitenk.,” i, 1887, No. 1, p. 8 (B); J. Arnould, * Ann.. ubl.,”* 1885, p. 401 (B).]—Bacilli of the sputuin. See Bacilli of the formation of gas. 5. A liquefying B., forming short, rather thick, very motile rods which liquery gelatin very rapidly and produce putrefactive decomposition. 6, A greenish-yellow B., forming small, slender, motile rods, which produce a greenish-yellow pigment in gelatin. 7. A fluorescent B., forming short, slender, nonmotile rods, with rounded ends, and producing a mother-of-pearl-like fluorescence in gelatin-cultivations. 8. -A white B., forming short, motile rods, with blunt ends, which form minute, round, white colonies on gelatin. Only one of these varieties (No. 7) is known to produce spores, and the others are perhaps rather to be referred to the genus Bacterium. The first five Species liquefy gelatin, and in this resemble three varieties described by Babes, the first of which is a slightly curved, scarcely motile organism, resembling the Spirillum choleræ asiaticæ, bnt more slender, and forming brownish-yellow colonies on gelatin-plates, and whitish plicate colonies on agaragar; the second, also resembling the Spirillum choleræ asiaticæ, but larger and from 03 to 04 p thick, forms yellow, very rapid; eS colonies on peletin which it stains green; the thir ta Sheva Jong, 0°5 to 06 w broad, has pointed extremities, and forms rounded lemon-yellow colonies on gelatin, De Mala) Neuville has recently described a large number of different Bacilli in water. [B, 122, 209; Becker, “Jahrb. der inu. auslges. Med.,” ccix, 1886, p. 281 (B); “Ann.. publ.,” March, 1887, p. 193(B).] ‘See also BACTERIA of water.—B. of whooping cough. Fr., bacille de la coqueluche. Ger., B. des Keuchhustens. A short ellipsoid or centrally contracted B. found by C. Burger in the sputum of whooping-cough. [“ Berl. klin, Wehnschr..” No. 1, 1883; “Ctrlbl. £. d. med. W nsch.,” No. 25, 1883 (B).— B. of Wildseuche. A very small ovoid B., or Bact m, closely resembling B. cuniculicidus, found by Läffler in the disease called Schweineseuche (Enropean hog-plague) and in Wildseuche (multiple gangrenous bronc) gimmentnenia of cattle, hogs, and horses). According to Hueppe, Schweineseuche, Wildseuche, and probably. also chicken-cholera and rabbits’ septicaemia are modifications of a single disease, septicaemia hæmorrhagica; and hence this microorganism would be identical with B. cuniculicidus and B. choleræ rallinarum. [* Dtsch. ined. Wehnschr.,” No. 14, 1887, p. 287 (B).]— and forms small yellow colonies with bent and serpentine proce es. Its cultivations do not develop gas. [* Ztschr. £. Hyg..” i, p. 115 (B). —B. Preu ii [Ciesielski]. A B. found in the larvæ of bees an believed to cause the disease called foul-brood. Each B. contains 4 spores. Perhaps the same as B. alvei, [“Jour. of the Roy, Micr. c.,” Feb., 1887, p. 134 (B).|—B, prodigi s. Fr., bacille du lait (oudu) pain rouge. Ger., B. der vothen Milch, B. des rothen Brodes, Wunderblut, Hostienblut. Syn.: Micrococcus prod i gios us [Cohn] (seu imetrophus [Trevis an]), Monas [Ehrenberg] (seu Palmella [Mont.]) prodigiosa, Zoo gal act in a imetropha [Sette], Bacteridium paoaiposur Schrôter]. A species, eS more properly referred to Bacterium, found upon starchy food-stuffs (bread, rice, potatoes, etc.), and also in milk and giving both a blood-red color, causing the so-called ** blood rain,” “ bleeding bread,” the ** bleeding host,” and “red milk.” It consists of oblong-clliptical cells having a breadth of 1 in their thickest part and growing into short rod-forms sometimes united into pseudo-filaments. It liquefies gelatin, forming rounded reddish-brown colonies, and covers portces| with a gelatin ons blood-red coating. It decom} alyuminoids with the evolution of a gas having the odor of trimethy]- amine. Its pigment is insoluble in water and soluble in alcohol. It is not pathogenetic, and has been recently employed in bacteriotherapy as an antagonist to the B. anthracis. |B, 73, 287, 238; A. D. Pawlowsky, “Arch, f. path. Anat. u. Phys. u. f, klin. Med.,” evil i, 1887, 3, p. 494(B).]—B. pseudopneumonieus. See BACTERIUM seudopneunonicum.—Ti. paenberelts. A motile B. discovered y S!)i imann in the blood of a woman who had died in childbed. It is said to develop conidia. [Engel, ‘* Comptes rend.,” 1xxxviii, 1879, p. 976 (B).]—B. putrificus col i [Bien stock]. Ger., B. der Eitei . zersetzung. À B. found constantly in the faeces forming short or long (3 #) actively motile rods, sometimes united into filaments, and developing a shining globular spore in the extremity of the rod which previously becomes swollen, a uming a drum-stick form, On agar-agar it forms colonies having at first a nacreous lustre and afterward becoming yellowish. It decomposes albuminoids into ammonia, amines, the fatty acids and the arnido-acids of the fatt; series, tyrosine, phenol, par oxy phenyl propionic acid, par oxy benzoic acid, indol, and skatol; and further decomposes ‘the proximate roducts of this decomposition into the ultimate products. [B, 122, 38.]—B. pyocyaneus. Fr., bacille du pus vert. Ger., B. des grünblauen Eiters. Syn.: Micrococcus pyocyaneus [Ge ard], Bacterium œruginosum [Schräter]. A species of B. found in blne or greenish pus, forming slender small rods of varying length, sometimes united In twos or threes, but oftener in irregular heaps. It reproduces by spore-formation. It. ue ueties) gelatin and imparts to it a beautiful green fluorescence and forms rusty-brown colonies on potatoes. The coloring matter is pyocyanine (q. v.). Tt kills guinea-pigs when injected into the peritoneal cavity. [B, 122, 287, 238,)—B. pyogenes fœtid us [Pa et]. A short, slowly motile B. with rounded ends found in foetid pus. It is 1°5 p long, 0°6 « broad, frequently united in groups of 2 or more, and apparently repro: duces by means of endogenous spores. It forms grayish-white colonies on gelatin without Bquefyiug the latter and shining yellowish brown colonies on potatoes. All its cultivations emit a fœtid odor. Injected into mice and guinea-pigs, it produces local suppuration and systemic effects. and is often fatal. [B, 122, 238.|—B. ramosus liguefaciens. A rather large, slowly motile B., occurring as an accidental impurity on gelatin-plates. "It liquefies gelatin with the formation of round, oval, or pear-shaped colonies which are surrounded by radiating, brush-like projections and are a ociated with à cirenmscribed fannel-sh: ped excavation of the gelatin. [B, 238.] —B. rheumarthritidis, B. rheum arthritis. A short cylindrical B., found in the purulent and serous effusion into the joints in rheumatism and _ believed to be the cause of this disease. The Bacilli occur united into thread-forms and reproduce by endogenous spore-formation.. [B, 206.]|—Baeilli ret in. ‘The rods of the retina. (L, 115.]—B. r cleromatis. Fr., bacille du rhinosclérome. Ger., B. des Rhinoscleroms. A B. found by Cornil and Alvarez in the large disease-cells, and also lying freely in the ti ues in rhinoscleroma. It occnrs as short oval rods (2 to 3 times as long as broad), or longer rods (25 to 3 # long and 0°4 to 0°5 p broad [Cornil and Alvarez]), usually non-motile, but capable of becoming motile on cultivation [Wolkowisch], and sometimes united into udo filaments. The Bacilli are capsulated and the shorter ovoid forms consist usually of two or more granules (diplococci) contained in a common envelope, and thus resemble closely the Bacterium pneumonic cruposæ. The cultures on gelatin and potatoes also resemble closely those of the latter organism, and inoculations from them in animals are said to produce similar effects to those induced by the latter. Althongh the B. was said by Cornil and Alvarez to contain s}. these are probably not present, and for this reason, as well as for its resemblance to the Bacterium pneumonice crouposæ, with which, according to Paltauf and Fiselberg, it is identical, this organism should probably be referred to the genus Bacterium. [B, 122; R. Paltauf in “ Ctribl. f. Bacteriol. u. Parasitenk.,” i, 1887, No, 8, p. 236 (B); N, Wolkowisch, éb., No.. 237 (B); ib., No. 19, p. 563, ‘‘ Dtsch. med. Wehnschr.,” No. 11, 1887, p. 20 (B).|—B. ruber. 1. Of Frank, an actively motile B., 6 to 8 4 long and 1 # broad, occurring on boiled rice and imparting to it a bright red color, It occurs singly or in chains of 2 or 4 and forms 2 to 4 spores, [B, 30, 288.] 2. Of Becker, the red B. of water. See acilli of water.—B. ruber indicus. See B. indicus ruber.—B. salivarius septic us [Biondi]. A short, thick, elliptical, rod-shaped organism found in normal hnman Sousa: said to produce local irritation and fatal septicaemia when injected into the blood of rabbits and mice. [* Breslauer tirztl. Ztschr.,” Sept. 24, 1887, p. 205 (B).] It is perhaps identical with Bacterium septicum sputigenim, or With B. cra us sputigenus. [B.|—B. saprogenes. Fr., bacille Gee Ger., Faulni bacillus. A name given by Rosenbach to 3 Bacilli which are found a ociated with putrefactive proce es. B. saprogenes I is found as an accidental impurity in foetid secretions (the white lugs from the pharyngeal follicles), It occurs as quite large rod- Noma with large terminal spores. In needle-cultivations on agar-