Equality

[Lat, æqualitas; Fr. égal ité.] State or quality of being equal or alike in anything; likene ; correspondence in condition; as, to be on a footing of equality. Uniformity; similarity; plainne ; as, equal ity of surface. - Samene in state, condition, or course; as, equality of constitution. (Math.) Exact concord of quantity between two magnitudes, denoted by the sign: as, for instance, by conveys the meaning that b contains an identical number of units with y. (Law.) Likene in po e ing the same rights, and being liable to the same duties. Persons are all equal before the law, whatever adventitious advantages some may po e over others. All persons are protected by the law, and obedience to it is required from all. Equality, in Illinois , a post-village of Gall at in co., on Saline creek, about 187 m. S. S. E. of Springfield. Pop. (1897) about 700. Equality, in Kentucky , a village of Barren co. Equalization, n. [Fr. égal is at i on.] Act of equalizing, or state of being equalized. Equalize, v. a. [Fr. égaliser .] To make equal or alike; to make even or uniform; as, to equalize accounts. To bring or reduce to an equality. "It could not equalize the hundredth part Of what her eyes have kindled in my heart." - Waller. E'qually, adv. In an equal manner; evenly; uni formly; as, they are equally matched. right ascensions are measured on the E .; and the dec- Equibal'ance, v. a. [Lat. æquus , and Eng. balance.] linations on circles which intersect it at right angles. The E. , in the heavens, is often styled the equinoctial. (Geog) Name given in 1874 to those provinces of the Upper Nile and Lake region, in Central Africa, lately annexed to Egypt. An extent of territory larger than that portion of the U. S. east of the Mi i ippi River. Equatorial, a . Relating or pertaining to the equator. -n. (Astron.) An astronomical telescope, (see Fig. 223,) mounted for the purpose of continuously observing and noting the right ascension and declination of a celestial body situated in any part of the visible heavens. The principal axis of the equatorial mounting is parallel to the earth's axis, and by means of this construction it is po ible to follow a star from rising and setting by driving the telescope, either by hand or machinery, westward, at the same rate at which the earth's motion carries it eastward. On the polar axis there is fixed a graduated circle, the plane of which is perpendicular to the polar axis, and therefore parallel to the earth's equator. This is called the hour circle, and is furnished with two indices. If one be set to sidereal time at the place of observation, which of course represents the right ascension of the part of the heavens then cro ing the meridian, the other index will show the right as- cension of the part of the heavens to which the telescope points. In this manner the right ascension of a comet, for instance, may be at once found, or the telescope may be pointed to any given right ascension. But the telescope itself is attached to another axis, called the declination axis , at right angles to the former one; and to this axis is also attached at right angles another circle, the declination circle. The plane of the second circle and of the telescope's motion in declination is thus in all positions at right angles to the plane of the first or equatorial circle. Now it is easy to conceive, from this general description, that when the telescope is pointed to a star, the angle between the direction of the telescope and the polar axis is equal to the polar dis- tance of the star; and by setting the index of the de- clination circle to zero when the telescope is at right Equation of a Curve. ( Math . ) An equation de- mon str at ing the existent relation between the co-or- dinates of every point in the curve. Equation of Condition. ( Math .) See DIFFER- registered in all positions of the instrument; conse- quently, when a motion is given to the polar axis with- out altering the position of the telescope on the de- clination circle, the point to which the telescope is di- rected will always lie in the small circle of the heavens coincident with a star's diurnal path; and hence, if the motion communicated to the polar axis be equal to the earth's diurnal rotation, a star will remain constantly in the field. This motion of rotation is communicated to the instrument by clock-work. See TELESCOPE. Equatorial Cur'rent. (Hydrog.) The heated sur- face waters of the tropical regions of the Atlantic are driven by the trade winds to the west, producing a cur rent of some strength, first distinctly traceable off the coast of Africa near the equator, and extending acro the ocean to the shores of South America. Its breadth, at first only 150 miles, becomes three times as great when it approaches the South American continent. It has a mean velocity of 36 miles a day, but at certain seasons and in some parts of its course a speed of more than 3% miles a hour has been recorded. The waters of the E. C. , reaching South America, heap themselves up against its obstructive shores, a minor portion flowing off southward as a South Atlantic current, while the major portion, through the configuration of the Brazil- ian coast, are diverted northward and make their way into the Caribbean Sea through the pa ages in the Windward Islands. Thence they flow into the Gulf of Mexico, principally through the Yucatan Channel, where the waters become heaped up until they are 3 feet 4 inches higher than the waters of the same gulf at the mouth of the Mi i ippi. This heaping up is the prin- cipal force which causes their steady outflow through the straits of Florida, whence their waters emerge into the Atlantic as the Gulf Stream (q.v.), which has here a width of 50 miles and a depth of 350 fathoms. The heated surface waters thus steadily driven westward are replaced by colder waters drawn inward along the coast of Africa, to be in their turn heated and forced west- ward by the trade winds. In the Pacific a similar E. C. makes its way from the American shores to those of Asia and Australia, producing similar effects. Equatorially, adv . So as to have the motions of an equatorial.-In a line with the equator. Equestrian, a. [Fr. équestre; Lat. equester, from eques, a horseman.] Pertaining to horses or to horse- manship; relating to the manege; as, equestrian skill. -Habitually employing a horse; as, an equestrian set of people. Celebrated by horse-racing; as, equestrian feats. Representing a person mounted on horseback; as, an equestrian statue. - Relating or pertaining to the Roman equites, q . v . (Dram.) A circus-rider. Equestrianism, n. Horsemanship; skill in the nanege; as, a dashing feat of equestrianism . Eques'trienne, n. A lady rider; a female skilled in Equiangular, ( e- kwi - ang'gu -ler,) a. [Fr. equiangle ; Lat. æquus , and angulus . See ANGLE.] ( Math .) In Geom- etry, two or more figures of the same kind (usually rec- tilinear) are said to be equiangular when the angles of the one, taken consecutively, are respectively equal to the angles of the other. A single figure is also said to be equiangular when all its angles have the same magnitude. Equian'gular Spiral, n. ( Math .) A name some- times given to the logarithmic spiral in consequence of its having the property of cutting, at the same angle, all its Dolar radii vectores.- See LOGARITHMIC SPIRAL. -n. Equal weight; counterpoise. Equidæ, ( e'kwe - de,) n. pl. [From Lat. equus , a horse.) ( Zool .) The Horse family, belonging to the order Pachi- dermata. Its most striking character consists in the structure of the feet, which are composed of but a single finger or toe terminating each extremity, and encased in a horny sheath or shoe. Besides this well-developed toe, however, the E. po e on each side of the meta- carpus and metatarsus two small rudimentary proce es, which represent two lateral toes. The structure of the leg-bones is much the same as in the generality of the mammal i a, except that the humerus and femur are comparatively short, and the bones of the fore-arm and shank, which are much longer, are partially anchy- losed together, so that no rotary motion of these bones can take place. The bones of the carpus and tarsus are large and solid, and resemble the bones of the other mammal i a in their general arrangement. Beyond these we find a single elongated metatarsal bone, the repre- sentative of the middle toe. This is completed by three phalanges, of which the last bears the single horny hoof. This family is distinguished from all other ani- mals by its undivided hoof, formed of the two anterior toes soldered together, its simple stomach, and its fe- male having the teats placed on the pubes. It may be divided into two very distinct types of form: the one the a es and the zebras, which are always more or le banded with blackish-brown, and have always a dis- tinct dorsal line, the tail only bristly at the end, and have warts only on the arms, and none on the hind legs; and the true horses, which are not banded, have IMG:content-0062.jpg:[graphic] Equidifferent, a . [Lat. æquus , and differ ens .] Equal- ly proportional. Equidis'tance, n. Equal distance. Equidis'tant, a. [Lat. æquus, and distans . See Dis- TANT.] Being at an equal distance from the same point, person, or thing. IMG:content-0063.jpg:[blocks in formation] The American Dictionary and Cyclopedia Equilateral hyperbola. ( Math.) An hyperbola having equal axes. Equilaterat hyperbolic paraboloid . (Math.) A quadric conoidal surface generated by a right line which, during its motion, rests upon two other right lines or directrices , to one of which it always remains perpendicular. See QUADRIC. -n. A figure presenting equal sides. Equilibrate, v. a. [Lat. æquus , and libro , libratus , to weigh. See LIBRATE.] To keep in equipoise; to balance equally; to keep even with equal weight on both sides; as, an equilibrated magnetic needle. Equilibra'tion, n. State of being equally balanced or equipoised.