JŪLĬAE

Most of the Juliae Leges were pa ed in the time of C. Julius Caesar and August us. De Adulteriis. [ Adulterium . ] Agraria , B.C. 59, in the consulship of Caesar, for distributing the ager public us in Camp an i a among 20,000 poor citizens, who had each three children or more. De Ambitu. [ Ambitus . ] De Bonis Cedendis. This lex provided that a debtor might escape all personal molestation from his creditors by giving up his property to them for the purpose of sale and distribution. It is doubtful if this lex was pa ed in the time of Julius Caesar or of August us, though probably of the former. De Caede et Veneficio (Suet. Ver. 33), perhaps the same as the Lex De Vi Public a. De Civitate was pa ed in the consulship of L. Julius Caesar and P. Rutilius Lupus, B.C. 90. [ Civitas ; Foederatae Civitates . ] De Fenore , or rather De Pecuniis Mutuis or Credit is ( B.C. 47), pa ed in the time of Julius Caesar. The object of it was to make an arrangement between debtors and creditors, for the satisfaction of the latter. The po e i ones and res were to be estimated at the value which they had before the civil war, and to be surrendered to the creditors at that value; whatever had been paid for interest was to be deducted from the principal. The result was, that the creditor lost about one-fourth of his debt; but he escaped the lo usually consequent on civil disturbance, which would have been caused by novae tabulae. Judiciariae. [ Judex . ] De Liberis Legation i bus. [ Legatus . ] De Majestate. [ Majestas . ] De Mar it and is Ordinibus. [See below: Julia et Papia Poppaea .] Municipal is , commonly called the Table of Heraclea. In the year 1732 there were found near the Gulf of Tarentum and in the neighbourhood of the city of ancient Heraclea, large fragments of a bronze table, which contained on one side a Roman lex, and on the other a Greek inscription. The whole is now in the Museo Borbonico at Naples. The lex contains various provisions as to the police of the city of Rome, and as to the constitution of communities of Roman citizens ( municipia , coloniae , praefecturae , fora , conciliabula civium Romanorum ). It was accordingly a lex of that kind which is called Satura. It was probably pa ed in B.C. 45. Julia et Papia Poppaea. August us appears to have caused a lex to be enacted about B.C. 18, which is cited as the Lex Julia de Mar it and is Ordinibus , and is referred to in the Carmen Seculare of Horace, which was written in the year B.C. 17. The object of this lex was to regulate marriages, as to which it contained numerous provisions; but it appears not to have come into operation till the year B.C. 13. In the year A.D. 9, and in the consulship of M. Papius Mutilus and Q. Poppaeus Secund us (consules suffect i), another lex was pa ed as a kind of amendment and supplement to the former lex, and hence arose the title of Lex Julia et Papia Poppaea, by which this lex is often quoted. The lex is often variously quoted, according as reference is made to its various provisions; sometimes it is called Lex Julia , sometimes Papia Poppaea , sometimes Lex Julia et Papia , sometimes Lex de Mar it and is Ordinibus , from the chapter which treated of the marriages of the senators, sometimes Lex Caducaria, Dec i maria , . from the various chapters. The Lex Julia forbade the marriage of a senator or senator’s children with a libertina, with a woman whose father or mother had followed an ars ludicra, and with a prostitute; and also the marriage of a liber tin us with a senator’s daughter. In order to promote marriage, various penalties were imposed on those who lived in a state of celibacy ( caelibatus ) after a certain age, and various privileges were given to those who had three or more children. A candidate for the public offices who had several children was preferred to one who had fewer. After the pa ing of this lex, it became usual for the senate, and afterwards the emperor ( princeps ), to give occasionally, as a privilege to certain persons who had not children, the same advantage that the lex secured to those who had children. This was called the Jus Liberorum , and sometimes the Jus trium Liberorum . Peculatus , cited in the Digest, related to sacrilege as well as peculatus. Julia et Plautia , respecting stolen things. Julia Papiria. [ Papiria . ] De Provinciis. [ Provinciae . ] Repetundarum. [ Repetundae . ] Sacrilegis. [See above: Julia Peculatus .] Sumptuariae. [ Leges Sumptuariae . ] Theatral is , which permitted Roman equites, in case they or their parents had ever had a census equestris, to sit in the fourteen rows ( quatuordecim ordines ) fixed by the Lex Roscia Theatral is, B.C. 69. Julia et Titia , respecting Tutors. De Vi Public a and Privata. [ Vis . ] Vices i maria. [ Vicesima . ]